• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 1976

On the basis of pigment production on brain heart infusion agar medium containing crocin, differentiation of mastitic streptococcus was investigated. Intensive crocin reaction was showed in braille heart infusion agar when maximum volume of gardenia powder was 5.0 mg/ml and dark-violet pigmentation of Str. uberis and Group D (Str. facalis) Streptococcus were differentiated from negative strains of Str. dysgalactiae. Also, although most of Str. agalactiae was producted pigment, a few was not affected with the crocin reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 2001

Microorganisms were isolated and identified from bovine 296 quarters which showed positive reaction by California Mastitis Test (CMT) in 40 farms of Jeju from September 1999 to June 2000. The organisms associated with the mastitis of bovine were 11 different bacterial species in this study. Which of them, Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant species as 152 (51.4%) isolates. Other identified species included 49 (16.5%) coliform, 47 (15.8%) Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 15 (5.1%) Bacillus spp., 8 (2.7%) Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 (2.1%) Streptococcus agalactiae, 5 (1.7%) Enterococcus faecalis, 5 (1.7%) Corynebacterium spp., 3 (1.0%) Streptococcus uberis, 1 (0.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 (0.3%) Pasteurella haemolytica. Almost of all the islolated beacterial species showed high sensitivity against kanamycin (98.6%), cephalothin (98.0%), streptomycin (94.9%), gentamicin (94.6%), ampicillin (92.2%) and polymyxin B (90.2%). On the contrary, they showed resistance against penicillin (47.0%), tetracycline (37.2%), cefazolin (26.0%), bacitracin (22.6%) and erythromycin (19.9%). Eighty-one isolates were not resistant to any antibiotics and 215 drug resistant isolates showed 89 different drug resistance patterns from single to nine multiple antibiotics resistance patterns.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Streptococcus spp. comprising Streptococcus (S.) uberis S. dysgalactiae strains is major causeof bovine mastitis from particularly well-managed or low somatic cell count herds that have successfullycontrolled contagious pathogens. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of S.uberis isolated from clinical or subclinical mastitis milk at 2003 were investigated. Eighty seven isolatesof Streptococus spp. were identified by the conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobialsusceptibility by disk diffusion method was determined for 46 S. uberis, 11 S. bovis, 10 S. oralis, 6 S.uberis and 14 other Streptococcus spp.. Overall, the tested strains were susceptible to tetracycline (11.5%),amikacin (14.9%), streptomycin (16.1%), neomycin (26.4%), kanamycin (35.6%), gentamicin (65.2%),oxacillin (70.1%), ampicillin (75.9%), chloramphenicol (78.2%), and cephalothin (97.7%). Additionally, S.uberis strains were susceptible to pencillin G (97.8%), but resistant to erythromycin (76.0%) by minimalinhibitory concentration test. The multiple-drug resistance rate of isolated bacteria to 4 more thanamplification fingerprinting patterns amplifed with primer 8.6d showed that 3 to 8 number of distinguishableDNA fragments ranged from 180 bp to 1,20 bp. Thirty seven isolates of S. uberis strains were subtypedinto 8 distinct patterns. Each subtype revealed a typical pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities. Thesefindings demonstrate that S. uberis isolates were mastitis pathogens of diverse serotypes, and oftenencountered the diverse resistant patterns.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.531-537
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• 1993

A study was carried out to define the relationship between the N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase(NAGase) levels and isolated pathogenic bacteria in 379 quarter fore milk of mastitis suspected samples collected in this clinics. All samples were tested the NAGase, California mastitis test(CMT), Somatic cell count(SCC) and bacterial culture. Except 111 from 379 samples, 268 bacteria-positive quarter fore milk samples were classified into the latent and mastitis infection group by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$), and the mean NAGase levels($nmol/min/m{\ell}$) of each isolated pathogen in mastitis infection group were Staphylococcus aureus 3.067, Coagulase-negative staphylococci 4.083, Staphylococcus aureus 3.594, Str. uberis 3.513, Str. dysgalactiae 1.640, E coli 4.441 and gram negative rods 4.560, respectively. Most of the relationship between mean SCC and NAGase in each pathogen group were highly significant using a student t test(p<0.05). When the mastitis pathogens were classified into minor(Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium sp.) and major pathogen group(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. dysgalactiae, gram negative rods), the NAGase levels were higher at major than minor pathogen group. On the other hand, when the mastitis milk samples were classified by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$) and by the presence of pathogen(IDF scheme), the NAGase levels were also higher at the mastitis than latent infection. The possibility of combining SCC and NAGase data in order to give the more difinitive diagnosis is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods: Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results: The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between $9.10{\times}10^3$ to $6.94{\times}10^6$ colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion: Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of riding mare in Jangsu stud farm during March to September, 2014. The specimens were collected from vaginal and uterus using a swab from 104 riding mares. Colonies were selected on blood and MacConkey agar plates, and identified as standard biochemical properties and Maldi-Tof MS. From this study, we isolated 148 strains including Escherichia (E.) coli (14.19%), Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus (2.7%), Streptococcus (S.) dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (2.03%), Klebsiella (K.) pneumonia (1.35%) and other strains from riding mares. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it showed a high sensibility to the antibiotics of the most. E. coli and S. zooepidemicus were visible to have a high sensibility to almost antibiotics used in this study. However, K. pnemoniae showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive diseases in riding mares in Korea.