• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

In this study, a fillet size for bending fatigue strength of one side fillet welded T-joint, used in box type girder and other welding structure, was investigated by bending fatigue test with or without edge preparation and burn through, with variation of joint shape. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) In one side fillet welded T-joint, the larger the leg length, the greater the bending fatigue strength. The increase in bending fatigue strength. (2) One side filet welded T-joint with edge preparation showed higher bending fatigue strength than that with twofold-large leg length and without edge preparation. (3) In one side fillet welded T-joint without edge preparation, both manual welding and automatic welding were carried out with same condition. In this case, automatic welding shoed deeper penetration and more increased horizontal leg length than manual welding, so that automatic welding offers grater bending fatigue strength. (4) For one side fillet welded T-joint without edge preparation, the ratio(h/t) of the leg length (h) and the main plate thickness (t) in which toe crack can occur was 1.2 over. (5) In one side fillet welded T-joint with edge preparation, the burn through led to reduced bending fatigue strength. However, this bending fatigue strength was higher than that of one side fillet welded T-joint without edge preparation and with a larger leg length.

• Carbon letters
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2005

Bending and tensile properties of 2D cross-ply C/C composites with processing heat treatment temperature (HTT) are evaluated. C/C composites used are made from two types of PAN based T700 and M40 carbon fibers with phenolic resin as carbon matrix precursor. Both the types of composites are heat treated at different temperatures (ranging from 750 to $2800^{\circ}C$) and characterized for bending and tensile properties. It is observed that, real density and open porosity increases with HTT, however, bulk density does show remarkable change. The real density and open porosity are higher in case T-700 carbon fiber composites at $2800^{\circ}C$, even though the density of M40 carbon fiber is higher. Bending strength is considerably greater than tensile strength through out the processing HTT due to the different mode of fracture. The bending and tensile strength decreases in both composites on $1000^{\circ}C$ which attributed to decrease in bulk density, thereafter with increase in HTT, bending and tensile strength increases. The maximum strength is in T700 fiber based composites at HTT $1500^{\circ}C$ and in M40 fiber based composites at HTT $2500^{\circ}C$. After attending the maximum value of strength in both types of composite at deflection HTT, after that strength decreases continuously. Decrease in strength is due to the degradation of fiber properties and in-situ fiber damages in the composite. The maximum carbon fiber strength realization in C/C composites is possible at a temperature that is same of fiber HTT. It has been found first time that the bending strength more or less 1.55 times higher in T700 fiber composites and in M40 fiber composites bending strength is 1.2 times higher than that of tensile strength of C/C composites.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1998

The bending performances were evaluated at the radiata pine plywood through veneer compositions encompassing veneer quality, ply-numbers and overlays of the high density- or medium density-phenol resin impregnated sheets (hereafter abbreviated as resin sheets) on the raw plywood. In addition, a prediction on the bending MOE of veneers and plywoods was carried out by the nondestructive testing with stresswave timer. The summarized results were as follows: I. Bending strength and bending MOE of resin sheets-overlaid plywoods in parallel surface grain direction through 5 and 7ply were increased by 13 to 45% and 17 to 34%, respectively. Resin sheets-overlay occurred an increasing effect of the strength efficiency i.e. strength perpendicular-to-grain direction versus that parallel-to-grain direction, showing the phenomenon that the plywood strength becomes greater at the perpendicular-to-grain direction of 7ply than at that of 5ply. Displacement at bending failure had a greater trend at 7ply than at 5ply, and was decreased by resin sheets-overlay. 2. After the nondestructive bending MOEs were measured for individual veneers, these veneers were rearranged in plywood-manufacture. In these plywoods, including resin sheets-overlay, the actual MOE was predictable with feasibility of $R^2$=0.53, and also the nondestructively-evaluated MOE was lower by 20% in raw plywood, and higher 20% in LVL than actual bending MOEs.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 80 MPa 수준의 압축강도를 갖는 고강도 콘크리트 부재의 휨 강도 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험변수는 SD 400 및 SD 600의 철근 공칭항복강도, 0.98~1.97%의 휨 철근비 및 부재의 전단지간-유효깊이 비(a/d)를 고려하였다. 고강도 콘크리트 보의 하중-처짐 관계, 연성, 휨강도 및 현행 설계코드에 의한 휨강도 예측값을 분석하였다. 고강도 철근의 사용은 부재의 휨강도는 증가시키는 반면에 연성을 감소시킨다. 전단지간-유효깊이 비가 증가함에 따라 연성도는 감소한다. 현행 콘크리트구조기준, Erocode 2 및 도로교설계기준에 의한 휨강도 예측값과 휨강도 측정값을 비교하였다. 고강도 콘크리트 보의 휨강도 예측값은 측정값을 과소평가하고 있으며, 보수적인 설계결과를 나타낸다. 또한, 강도감소계수를 사용하는 콘크리트구조기준에 의한 고강도 콘크리트 보의 휨강도 예측값과 재료계수를 사용하는 Erocode 2 및 도로교설계기준에 의한 휨강도 예측값은 서로 유사하게 나타난다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권5호통권133호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

This paper deals with flexural vibration techniques as a means of predicting bending strength properties for quarter-sawn and flat-sawn planes of red pine containing knots. Dynamic modulus of elasticity $(MOE_d)$ was calculated from resonance frequency obtained from the flexural vibration induced by a magnetic driver in quarter-sawn and flat-sawn planes of red pine containing knots. The dynamic MOE were well correlated to bending strength properties. Their correlation coefficients ranged from 0.866 to 0.800 for the regression between dynamic MOE and static bending MOE or MOR. The difference of the values between quarter-sawn and flat-sawn was very small. These values were higher than correlation between percentage of total knot diameter to total width of red pine specimen $(K_T(%))$ as well as $K_O(%)$ base upon ASTM D 3737 and static bending strength properties (correlation coefficient r = 0.448~0.704), and were similar to those between static bending MOE and bending MOR (r = 0.850). These results indicate that dynamic MOE obtained from resonance frequency induced by flexural vibration of magnetic driver is able to effectively use for predicting of static bending strength of red pine containing knots as well as static MOE.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1126-1133
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• 1994

When designing an internal gear. the bending strength around pitch point as well as that at tooth root fillet should be considered because the bending stress around pitch point may occur as high as that at tooth root fillet. In this study, including stress state around pitch point, the bending strength (tensile side and compressive side) of internal gear tooth is investigated by the use of the finite element method(FEM) with regarding many influencing factors of cutter and gear geometries. Then, the critical sections around pitch point and at tooth root fillet are determined, and the simple formulae based on nominal stresses(bending, compressive, and shear) are derived for the calculations of actual stresses as the functions of tooth thicknesses and radii of curvatures of involute and fillet curve at those critical sections. The stresses calculated by the formulae agree well with those by the FEM. And the bending stresses around pitch point and at tooth root are easily estimated by the use of those formulae, therefore, those formulae are useful for the purpose of the design or the bending strength estimation of internal gear.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2017

본 연구는 다양한 구조적 변수에 따른 고강도 및 내진용 이형철근의 굽힘가공 성능을 실험적으로 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 굽힘성능에 대한 실험적 연구수행을 위해 이형철근의 강종 및 강도, 직경, 굽힘가공 각도 및 내면 반지름 등을 변수로 하여 시험체를 제작하였다. 시험은 각 변수별 원 소재 철근에 대한 1차 인장강도시험, 원 소재 철근에 대한 1차 굽힘시험과 1차 굽힘시험 철근을 대상으로 한 2차 굽힘시험 그리고 2차 굽힘시험 이후 가력이 가능한 시험체를 대상으로 한 2차 인장강도시험을 수행하였다. 금번 고강도 및 내진용 철근에 대한 실험적 연구결과 항복강도 500 MPa 및 직경 D13 이하 이형철근은 굽힘각도 $135^{\circ}$, 내면 반지름 2db의 경우에도 1차 굽힘가공 후 인장측 표면결함은 나타나지 않았으며, 이형철근의 강도와 직경이 증가할수록 굽힘가공 성능이 저하 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구에서 수행된 시험에서는 일반용 철근과 특수 내진용 철근의 시험결과 비교에서 두 이형철근 간에 유의미한 구조적 성능 차이는 확인하지 못하였다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the high-frequency gluing characteristics of poly vinyl acetate emulsion adhesive(PVAc) on MDF edge-glued boards. The edge-glued boards were glued lengthwise with butt, scarf, or finger joint. The wastes of MDF boards were reused as board materials. The obtained results are summarized as follows; the bending strength of edge-glued MDF increased slightly with the HF heating time, but the economically desirable heating time was 6 minutes. The bending and tensile strength of edge-glued MDF were high with scarf, finger and butt joint, in order. The strength of finger jointed MDF showed 80% of scarf jointed MDF. The effects of location of finger joints on the bending strength of edge-glued MDF were larger than those of the numbers of finger joints. The bending strength of edge-glued MDF with one joint on the middle position showed 40% decrease in comparison with non-jointed MDF.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

Fatigue tests of transverse fillet weldment were performed under out-of-plane bending loads. Significant increase of the fatigue strength was observed under out-of-plane bending loads, compared to the one under in-plane loads (axial loads). Applicability of the crack propagation analysis using LEFM for the surface crack of fillet weldment were investigated as well, in parallel with the fatigue tests. For the rational assessment of the fatigue strength of welded ship structures where combined stresses of the in-plane axial stress and the out-of-plane bending stress are induced simultaneously due to complexity of applied load and structural geometry, further investigation is recommended for the effect of the out-of-plane bending stress on the fatigue strength of weldment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2011

The selected physical and mechanical properties of non-certificated LVL circulated in domestic lumber market were investigated and compared to relevant standards. The tested LVL passed the moisture content and the soaking delamination rate limit as per domestic (KS) and Japanese standard (JAS). The evaluated mechanical properties were flatwise/edgewise bending strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), horizontal shear and compressive strength. The 30 mm-thick LVL showed significantly higher bending strength than that of the 25 mm-thick LVL. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) showed same tendency in the results of bending strength. The edgewise bending strength and MOE were higher than that of flatwise bending strength and MOE. The horizontal shear strength values were also showed similar results to bending strength values. The tested results were compared each other and each products were graded according to JAS 701 grade specification. The failure mode of LVL in bending test showed the similar failure mode of solidwood that failed in a simple tension manner (splintery tension). The glue line failure was severe in 25 mm-thick specimens due to concentration of shear stress in layer discontinuity containing small voids and starved glue lines. In horizontal shear strength test, failure mode of LVL showed the typical horizontal shear failure. Compressive specimens failed with fiber crushing in company with apparent delamination that splitted along the length of the specimens. From the results, the complete bonding between lamination and consistency in thin veneer layer were considered as a critical factor in the mechanical properties of LVL. Moreover, the standard test procedure and specification for non-certificated LVL should be required to check the performance of uncertificated materials.