• 생태와환경
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.356-368
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• 2010

본 연구는 삽교천 수계의 삽교천, 무한천, 곡교천의 이화학적 수질, 물리적 서식지 건강성, 생물학적 건강성을 평가하였고, 이를 바탕으로 종합적인 수생태계 건강성을 평가하였다. 3가지 건강성 평가 항목은 3개 하천에서 모두 악화된 상태이거나 보통 상태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 곡교천에서 가장 악화되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 건강성이 더 악화되는 경향을 보였다. 6개 항목의 화학적 수질 중 Chl-$\alpha$를 제외한 5개 수질 항목은 하류로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 곡교천에서 가장 높은 값을보였다. 물리적 서식지 건강성은 Good에서 Fair 범위를 보였고, 곡교천의 서식지 건강성이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 생물학적 건강성은 이화학적 수질과 물리적 서식지 건강도를 잘 반영하였으며, 3개 하천의 생물학적 건강도는 상류지점에서 Fair 상태로 나타났고, 하류 지점에서 Poor 상태를 보였다. 이러한 생물학적 건강성에 영향을 주는 요인을 PCA를 통하여 분석한 결과 상류 지점에서는 물리적 서식지 건강성이 좀더 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 하류지점에서는 화학적수질의 영향이 좀 더 큰 젓으로 판단되었다. 화학적 수질, 물리적 서식지 건강성, 생물학적 건강성 평가 항목을 바탕으로 종합적인 수생태계 건강성을 평가한 결과 무한천의 M1 지점이 통합적인 건강성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 곡교천의 G2와 G3 지점이 가장 건강성이 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 수생태계의 건강성을 통합적으로 나타내어 취약한 부분을 쉽게 확인할 수 있는 방법으로써 향후 수생태계 복원 및 장기 모니터링에 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein ($T_{Pro}$), blood urea nitrogen ($B_{UN}$), total cholesterol ($T_{Cho}$) and $A_{lb}$umin ($A_{lb}$) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone ($I_z$), compared to the control zone ($C_z$). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the $C_z$. Fish liver tissues in the $I_z$, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the $I_z$ (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between $C_z$ and $I_z$. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the $I_z$ than $C_z$. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand imperviousness impact for the characteristics of stormwater runoff and water temperature. The land-use map was used to estimate the watershed imperviousness(percent of impermeable area) and the RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was used to evaluate the stormwater runoff of watershed. This study was investigated for two streams(Jiam and Gongji) in Chunchon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; The imperviousness(%) of two watersheds(Jiam and Gongji) estimated by spatial analysis which is main function of GIS were 0.24% and 24.16%. So, Gongji watershed as urban area was about 100 times than jiam watershed as forest area. In case of rainfall of low intensity, stormwater runoff flowrate in higher imperviousness area(Gongji) was more than it in forest area(jiam). Also, The time to peak flowrate(Tp) was short in Gongji stream and the water temperature difference between Gongji and Jiam stream was about $4.4^{\circ}C$ in summer.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

Species biotic index (SBI), based on a fish assemblage, was applied to a stream assessment using long-term ecological fish data set (1996 to 2001) in Boryong dam area, which is located in the mainstream of Ungchun Stream of Chungnam province, Korea. According to the methods of Hilsenhoff (1988), the scores of tolerance guild assigned 10 classes to each species by its habitat and feeding guild, but modified current 7 criteria to 5 scoring standards due to unclear borderline among species. Relative abundance in the species number of upper stream guilds was only 7% of the total, whereas the abundance in the species number of middle to downstream upper stream guilds was 64%. Mean SBI, based on dataset in Site 1 during 1995-2001 averaged 5.10, which was judged as a "good" condition by the rank criteria of SBI. Before the dam construction, mean SBI in the Site 1 was 4.61, indicating a "good" condition, but after the dam construction, mean SBI was 5.60, indicating a "fair" condition. Trajectory analysis in the Site 1 showed significantly (One-way ANOVA, $F_{6,21}=3.26$, p=0.02) different among years, reflecting the changes of fish composition and population density by the dam construction, whereas Site 2 showed no significant changes ($F_{6,21}=1.00$, P =0.45) difference among years. Mean SBI prior to the dam construction in the Site 3 was 4.52 but after the construction, the value was 6.30, indicating a distinct difference between the pre- and post-dam construction. Trajectory analysis at the Site 3 supported this fact: Values of SBI showed significantly ($F_{6,21}$=14.37, p<0.01) different. Mean SBI was 4.67 in the Site 4, indicating a "good" condition in the health and the health rank was same as the sampling sites 1, 2, and 4. Trajectory in the Site 4 showed no significant ($F_{6,21}=2.35$, p=0.07) difference among the years. Overall, our trajectory analysis indicated that three of four sampling sites (sites 1, 3, 4) showed significant decreases (n=7, p<0.05) and that the proportions of sensitive species declined evidently in the sites 1 and 2 and the tolerant species increased in the dam sites. Our outcomes may be used as a key data for diagnosis of the long-term ecological impact in the future in the watershed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvements of Eco-Natural map preparation guideline by presenting assessment methods that can be applied to the result of river ecosystem health survey and assessment, using the Geographic Information System. The area for studying is the main stream of the Hwang River where is easy to collect data and available to compare before and after of river assessment. It was reevaluated by reflecting the result of river ecosystem health assessment of the Ministry of Environment. As the result, Eco-Natural map of the study area reflecting the river assessment, the changes in the area ratio by grade have been increased from 1.14% to 14.03% in the first-grade and from 24.64% to 43.91% in the second-grade. It is considered to present more realistic grade due to the assessment of the rivers that have not been reflected in the meantime. Consequently, the result of this study will be useful for establishing the development projects on the rivers, providing the foundation for more realistic and active protection.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2018

본 연구는 하천 내 하도 자연성이 어류 건강성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 2008~2016년 간 한강권역의 자연사행하천과 하도정비로 직강화된 하천의 수질환경요인과 FAI를 비교 분석하였다. 하도 자연성에 따른 우점종의 출현빈도를 분석한 결과, 자연사행하천에서 민감성 및 충식성 어종이 우세한 반면, 하도 직강화 하천에서는 내성 및 잡식성 어종이 우점하는 빈도가 높은 양상을 보였다. 하도 및 저수로의 직강화로 인해 하도 자연성이 감소함에 따라 FAI가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 생태적 어류군집구조 특성이 반영된 메트릭인 민감종수(M3) 및 충식종의 개체수 비율(M6)의 감소와 잡식종의 개체수 비율(M5)의 증가가 FAI 변화에 주요요인으로 나타났다. 하도 자연성 감소에 따른 연도별 FAI 하락은 BOD, TN, TP, 전기전도도, 탁도의 증가와 높은 상관관계를 보여, 하도 및 저수로의 직강화로 인한 수질변화는 물리적 서식환경의 교란과 함께 어류 건강성에 주요 영향요인으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.499-511
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• 2008

The major focus of this study is to evaluate a newly developed stream naturalness index system 'Habitat-riparian Indexing System (HIS).' There have been many studies that have assessed stream naturalness in order to provide information required for restoration. The results of these studies were enough for the purpose of the studies; however, the methodologies were limited especially with respect to rapid measurement and the representation of ecological habitats. Therefore, we derived crucial variables from a popularly utilized method and merged them with other criteria obtained from overseas approaches, resulting in the development of the HIS method. The stability of HIS was evaluated by comparing the results with the Stream Naturalness Index (SNI) of Cho (1997). We monitored 100 stream sites in the Nakdong River system using the two different methods for two sampling periods (spring and autumn), and the results were compared using statistical analyses. The determination coefficients between the index values from two methods were c.a. 0.6 for both seasons, and statistics revealed that HIS had a relatively higher stability, providing index values for stream environments. The results of this work suggest a possibility of the utility of HIS for other stream habitats.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The present study was accomplished from October, 1992 to June, 1993 in order to examine the seasonal community structure of aquatic insects and the biological estimation of water quality by the aquatic insects of the Jungneung and Gokneung streams in the Mt. Bukhan. The obtained results are as follows: 1. The total taxa of aquatic insects appeared as 77 species, 45 genera, 28 families in 7 orders. 2. Seasonal occurrence species numbers showed the highest in the autumn of the Jungneung stream (19 species) and in the spring of the Gokneung stream (41 species). Seasonal occurrence individual numbers showed the highest in the summer of the Jungneung and Gokneung streams (5,901, 3,180 individuals) and the lowest in the autumn of Jungneung stream (612 individuals) and in the winter of the Gokneung stream (1,764 individuals). 3. Annual dominance indices showed 0.52 (stJ1)~1.00 (st.J3) range in the Jungneung stream, and 0.47 (st. G1)~0.76 (G2) range in the Gokneung stream. 4. Seasonal species diversity indices showed 0.00 (st J3, whole seasons)~3.12 (st.J1, Spring) range in the Jungneung stream and 0.69 (st. G2, summer) ~3.10 (st. G4, spring) in the Gokneung stream. 5. Biological saprobic system based on species diversity indices of aquatic insects appeared as oligosaprobic area: site J3, $\alpha$-mesosaprobic area: site J2, G2, G3 and $\beta$-mesosaprobic area: site J1, G1, G4.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권4호통권109호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2004

하천의 환경성 평가에서 부착조류 조사는 주로 비이동성 기질(돌, 식물, 모래, 점토 및 식물체 등)에 누적된 영향을 반영한 반면에 이동성 기질을 이용한 연구는 전무한 실정이었다. 본 연구는 소하천 생태계에서 어류 표피에 부착된 미세조류의 종조성과 군집구조를 파악하여 서식처 환경을 분석 평가하고자 시도하였다. 현장 조사에서 우점한 어류는 계류성 어종에 속하는 갈겨니 (Zacco temmincki)와 피라미 (Zacco platypus)이었고, 상대도수는 각각 62%, 19%를 차지하였다. 어류는 광역이동의 대표적인 생물로서 기존의 한 장소에 고정된 부착생물의 기질과는 비교가 될 수 있었고,어류에 부착된 미세조류의 구성으로 볼 때 하천 상하류 구간의 현재 특성을 잘 반영하였다. 부착 미세조류는 규조류가 주류를 이루었고, 다른 분류군도 소수 관찰되었다. 또한, 생태학적 측면에서 하천의 건강성을 평가하는데 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 향후 수환경 평가의 생물학적 도구로 제시하고자 한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze some influences on ecological health conditions, threaten by various stressors such as physical, chemical and biological parameters. We collected samples in 2008 from three zones of upstream, midstream and downstream, Gap Stream. We applied multi-metric fish assessment index (MFAI), based on biotic integrity model to the three zones along with habitat evaluations based on Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). We also examined fish fauna and compositions, and analyzed relations with MFAI values, QHEI values, and various guild types. Chemical parameters such as oragnic matter (BOD, COD), nutrients (TP, $NH_3$-N), coli-form number (as MPN), and suspended solids (SS) were analyzed to identify the relationship among multiple stressor effects. Using the sentinel species of Zacco platypus, the population structures and condition factors were analyzed along with DNA damages related with genotoxicant effects by comet assay. This study using all these parameters showed that stream condition was degraded along the longitudinal gradient from upstream to downstream, and the downstream, especially, was impacted by nutrient enrichment and toxicant exposure from the point source, wastewater treatment plant. Overall results indicated that our approaches applying various parameters may be used as a cause-effect technique in the stream health assessments and also used as a pre-warning tool for diagnosis of ecological degradation.