• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

In order to use fundamental data for conservation of species diversity and stream health with dam development, fish investigation in up- and downstream of Pyeonglim Dam was seasonally conducted in 2007~2008. In addition, data of water qualities, investigated for environmental impact assessment, were used to determine a water quality standard level in Pyeonglim Stream, and it revealed that water environment condition was good in the stream. During the study period, a total number of fish caught from the 4 study sites was 5,449 representing 9 families 25 species, and there were 8 Korean endemic species (32.0%) including Rhodeus uyekii, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and Microphysogobio yaluensis. Two species of Zacco temminckii (37.5%) and Zacco platypus (26.3%) were dominant and subdominant in all sites. There were few individuals of the $2^{nd}$-class endangered species (Sand lamprey, Lampetra reissneri) and the introduced species (Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus), found in the upstream of the dam. and further investigation for conservation of the endangered species and for prevention of the introduced species is needed in future. With fish fauna and multi-metric health assessment model in each sampling attempt, index of biotic integrity(IBI) was evaluated and it resulted mostly in good(26~35) and excellent(36~40) condition in all sites. The results indicate that it is very important to study not only environmental impact assessment with fish composition but also stream health assessment in order to conserve healthy aquatic ecosystem.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

This study was to introduce a methodology of ecological health assessment for efficient management and to provide some diagnostic results of the survey. We evaluated ecological health assessment at five sampling locations of Sikjang Mountainous Stream using the index of biological integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during May - October 2006. The health condition, based on the IBI model, averaged 32 and varied from 27 to 37 depending on the sampling sites. Thus, the stream health was judged as "good" to "fair" conditions. IBI values showed slight differences between upstream and downstream sites. Whereas, QHEI values varied from 75 (fair condition) to 196 (excellent condition) and QHEI at St. 4~5, indicating the downstream reach had significantly lower than the headwater site (St.1). Regression analyses also showed that QHEI values had a linear decrease from the headwater to downstream. This result indicated that habitat quality was rapidly degradated by human influence. Overall, data of IBI and QHEI suggested that the stream health was maintained well in the present but the habitat and biological quality were partially degradated in the downstream. So, the human interference should be minimized to protect the downstream environment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.631-648
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• 2012

The integrative ecological approaches of chemical assessments, physical habitat modelling, and multi-metric biological health modelling were applied to Gwanpyeong Stream within Gap-Stream watersheds to evaluate environmental impacts on the constructions of residential and commercial complex. For the analysis, the surveys conducted from 45 sites of reference streams within the Gap-Stream watershed and 3 regular sites during 2009 - 2010. Physical habitat health, based on the habitat model of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) declined from the headwaters(good - fair condition) to the downstream(poor condition). Chemical water quality, based turbidity and electric conductivity(EC), was degraded toward to the downstream, and especially showed abrupt increases, compared to the values of control streams(CS). Also, concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the downstreams were greater compared to the control stream(CS), indicating an eutrophication. Biological health conditions, based on the Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) using fish assemblages, averaged 19.3 which is judged as a fair condition by the biological criteria of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The comparisons of model metric values in sensitive species and riffle-benthic species on the Maximum Species Richness Line(MSRL) of 45 reference streams indicated a massive disturbances in all sampling locations. Also, tolerance guild and trophic guild analyses suggest that dominances of tolerant species and omnivores were evident, indicating a biological degradation by habitat disturbances and organic matter pollutions. There was no distinct longitudinal variations of IBI model values from the headwater to the downstream in spite of slight chemical and habitat health gradients among the sampling sites. Overall, integrative ecological health(IEH) scores, based on the chemical, physical, and biological parameters, were low compared to the 45 reference streams due to physical and chemical disturbances of massive constructions of the residential and commercial complex. This stream, thus showed a tendency of typical urban streams which are disturbed in the chemical water quality, habitat structures, and biological integrity. Effective stream management plans and restoration strategies are required in this urban stream for improving integrative stream health.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.282-293
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2009-2019년 기간 동안 대전시 외곽의 도심개발에 따른 인근 하천(관평천)의 상류, 중류, 하류의 구간에서 4회 조사(2009, 2010, 2016, 2019)를 통해 이화학적 수질, 어류 종 조성, 생태 건강성 특성에 대해 장기간 변화추이를 분석하였다. 본 하천지역에서 도심개발은 2008년에 이루어졌고, 2012년에는 하천복원사업이 수행되어 하천복원 전과 후의 특성변화 추이를 모니터링 하였다. 하천 생태건강도 평가를 위해 군집수준의 어류평가지수(Fish Assessment Index, FAI)를 이용하였고, 어류의 기관(Organ) 수준에서 해부학적 건강도(Necropsy-based Health Assessment Index, HAI) 분석을 실시하였다. 이화학적 수질 분석에서는 중류(St. 2)에서 가장 낮은 탁도와 엽록소(Chl-a)가 측정되었다. 이는 빠른 유속에 의한 물리적 요인 때문으로 나타났다. 어류 조사에서는 총 18종이 채집되었고, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 가장 우점 하는 종(40.6%)으로 나타났다. 하천복원 직후(2016)에는 민감종(Sensitive species)과 충식종(Insectivore species)이 우점, 종 다양도 및 종 풍부도 지수 상승, 생태건강도 지수(FAI)가 상승하여 생태 건강도는 "최상상태(A: 87.5)"로 나타났으나 가장 최근 조사인 2019년에는 전 기간에 비해 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 기관(Organ) 분석에 의거한 해부학적 건강도 지수(HAI) 분석에 따르면, 피부손상(Skin)은 상류에서, 신장 손상(Kidney)은 하류 역에서 나타났고, 간(Liver)과 아가미(Gill)의 손상은 모든 지점에서 나타나 해부학적 측면의 건강도에서도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.544-550
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• 2008

본 연구는 2004년 5월부터 2004년 11월까지 총 4회 조사를 실시하였으며, 수서곤충은 과별 생물지수(FBI)와 물리적 서식환경(PHA)을 이용하여 원주천의 건강도를 평가하였다. 원주천 9개 지점을 통해 출현한 수서곤충은 총 8목 37과 62속 92종이었다. 과별생물지수의 경우 지점 1, 2, 3에서 $4.55{\sim}4.82$로 가장 건강한 하천생태계를 유지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 물리적 서식환경과 과별생물지수 간의 상관관계는 지점 2가 각각 100, 4.82의 값으로 가장 좋은 서식환경을 나타내었다. 그러나 지점 7과 9는 45, 6.17과 6.97로 가장 낮은 서식환경을 나타내어 물리적 서식환경의 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 물리적 서식환경과 과별생물지수는 서로 역의 상관성을 나타내었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

The aim of this study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) translated in Korean. This was a new clinical measurement tool for evaluating the recovery of voluntary movement and basic mobility following stroke. A direct-observation reliability study was conducted on 20 patients who had strokes and were in a rehabilitation setting. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. The reliability of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by weighted kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on scores for individual items ranged from .83 to 1.0, intraclass correlation coefficients for total score was .99, and for subscale scores was ranged from .96 to .99. The internal consistency of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by Cronbach alphas of greater than .99 on the subscales and overall. These high levels of reliability support the use of the STREAM translated in Korean instrument for the measurement of motor recovery following stroke.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2002

Ecosystem health assessment is an emerging concept regarded as a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating ecosystems. The stability of ecosystem is the main theme in the assessment. Generally, two components - resilience and resistance - are involved in the mechanism of ecosystem stability. In this study, relative degrees of the resistance and the resilience were quantified for most aquatic Insects Inhabiting running waters in Korea. A total of 34 groups were newly categorized based on previous studies, and a conceptual model has been produced. The model was applied for the aquatic insect communities inhabiting different streams and demonstrated that each stream ecosystem possessed different degrees of stability. This study also indicated that it was possible to compare stabilities of different ecosystems using relative degrees of resilience and resistance. Using the conceptual model, suitable conservation and management strategies could be recommended in ecological assessments. The model can be used as a stepping-stone for developing more comprehensive methodology that objectively diagnoses and evaluates the ecosystem stability.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권spc2호
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• pp.777-789
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 한강유역 ($34,148km^2$)내 다목적 댐(소양강댐, 횡성댐, 충주댐)의 하천유지유량 추가 방류 모의를 통한 유역의 수질 및 수생태계 건강성 변화를 평가하였다. 추가 방류기간은 수생태계 건강성 조사가 수행되는 봄(4-6월), 가을(8-10월)로 산정하였으며, 방류량은 댐의 기존 방류량에 비례하며 총 방류량이 댐별 고시된 하천유지유량을 초과하지 않도록 산정하였다. 하천 유지유량 방류에 따른 수질(T-N, $NH_4$, $NO_3-N$, T-P, $PO_4-P$) 농도는 봄철에 감소하지만 가을철에는 오히려 증가하는 것으로 모의되었다. 변화한 수질농도 데이터를 기존에 구축한 Random Forest 알고리즘에 적용하여 수생태계 건강성을 평가하였을 때, 유역의 하류에서 모든 수생태계 건강성 지수(FAI, TDI, BMI) 등급이 개선되는 것으로 분석되었다. 가을보다 봄에 하천유지유량 방류에 따른 수생태계 개선의 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 하천수계의 하천환경 관리를 위해 적용되고 있는 생물학적 평가체계를 법제도적 기준과 실행계획 측면에서 검토 분석하여 문제점을 도출하기 위하여 수행되었다. 하천법과 하천사업의 계획 설계과정의 관련 지침, 수질 및 수 생태계 보전법과 수 생태계 건강성 평가 기준을 중점적으로 비교 검토하였다. 무엇보다 하천환경평가 관련 법제도적 근거가 미흡하고 관련 기준과 지침이 구체적이지 못하여 하천환경 관리의 실효성이 확보되지 못하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 국토교통부와 환경부로 이원화된 하천수계 관리체계를 반영하듯 생물 분야의 평가항목과 기준이 수자원 관리와의 통합적 수준에 이르지 못한 채 두 부서의 사업추진 과정에서 단편적으로 고려되고 있었다. 특히 생물 중심의 평가항목과 기준은 물리구조적 서식환경 또는 수질과 연관된 수생생물에 국한되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 대다수 생물에 대한 정밀 조사를 필요로 하는 환경영향평가의 과정으로 고려되는 수준이었다. 결론적으로 하천수계를 대표할 수 있고 비교적 변동성이 적은 식생, 어류, 조류 등 고등생물을 지표화한 신속하면서도 공간 정보화된 정량적 평가기법이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-35
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate and assess the heavy metal contamination of sediment in main stream and tributaries of the Han-river in the vicinity of Seoul. Sediment were sampled at eight locations of main stream and eighteen locations of tributaries in the spring, summer, and fall in 1993. Six heavy metals of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Hg, were assessed. For an assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment, the assessment method of Hakanson was modified to estimate for Han-river, then classification method of Muller in sediment quality was applied. For an assessment of contamination in each heavy metal, Contamination factor C$_f^i$ which was defined the ratio of concentration of i heavy metal in investigated location to background concentration of i heavy metal in uncontaminated upper area was used. The sediment quality in each heavymetal was classified as follows if C$_f^i$<1, Class I for Non contamination, if 1 < C$_f^i$ < 3, Class II for Low contamination, if 3< C$_f^i$ <6, Class III for Moderate contamination, if 6< C$_f^i$ <12, Class IV for Considerable contamination, and if C$_f^i$ > 12, Class V for High contamination.(abbreviation)