• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.59-69
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• 2006

Nature-learning place is a critical space together with nature center in Natural parks. But there are serious faults on these design and planning as for the landscape ecological consideration. The objective of this paper was to suggest the ecological alternatives through analyzing existing cases of nature-teaming place in Natural parte. Five case sites in Natural parks were selected in Chollabukdo. Three landscape indices- subjectivity, natural prototype, nativity, were introduced for evaluating the existing cases. Results showed that those are short of landscape ecological senses- Biotope target species, ecological vegetation patches, eco-corridor concept. A proposal for the ecological planning in Deokyusan Natural park was suggested according to several criteria with biotopes as forest and stream patches and the corridor. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, existing natural-loaming sites should be evaluated in light of landscape ecological indices. Second, they can be designed to work with the concept of the biotope patch and corridor for target species. The results of this study could provide critical guidelines for the ecological planning and design of natural-loaming sites in nature parks.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.374-383
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• 2019

The Wangpo stream located in the Buyeo-gun was a small stream with both low water quality and quantity due to the cultivated land and settlement area through the stream. In order to restore ecosystem, the Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop system was applied to treat 1,500 to 7,000 ㎥/d amount of effluent water pumped from the Buyeo sewage treatment plant facility as well as inflowed from nonpoint pollution source of Wangpo stream. As a result of continuous monitoring for 2 years from 2016 to 2018 after completing restorative construction, the average BOD₅ as an index of organic pollution was 7.3 mg/L and the average effluent concentration became 2.1 mg/L, showing an improvement by 71.2%. The average inflow concentration of T-N was 7.953 mg/L and the average outflow concentration was 3.379 mg/L, showing 57.5% of improvement. The average inflow concentration of T-P was 0.177 mg/L and the average outflow concentration was 0.052 mg/L, showing about 70.7% improvement. The results of ecological monitoring after creating biotope by reuse of treated waste water and nonpoint pollution source of the Wangpo Stream are as follows. The plant taxa founded in water SSB(Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system of the Wangpo Stream was total 41 species in 21 families, showing a higher proportion of naturally introduced plant than that of artificially planted species. In case of other terrestrial animals, both amphibian and reptile group were confirmed as 3 species in 6 families, avian group was 25 species of 15 families, and mammal group observed 5 species in 5 families, respectively. All species have been created and enhanced through purified water inhabited in the SSB(Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system as a treatment wetland, eventually migrating to the Wangpo Stream.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

Wetland ecosystem is one of the most productive one in nature. Wetland is an areas in which transit between terrestrial and stream ecosystem. This study aims at identifying fanua (birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles) in urban stream of Dorim. A total of 3 orders, 6 families and 9 species for mammals; 17 families, 30 species of birds; 3 families and 4 species of amphibians and 2 families and 3 species of reptiles were reported. This is a through study for species identification in Dorim steams. This study suggested that various organisms were found around Dorim stream and this study will better serve as a stepping stone for wetland restoration and establishment of biotope where organisms breed and survive.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide a database for biotope conservation and restoration of the Jeonju region in North Cheolla Province. To accomplish this task, investigations were made on the characteristics of the distribution pattern of naturalized plants in the region. From May to June 2008, the flora and lists of naturalized plants were investigated and, based on these data the ratio of naturalization was calculated. The results of this investigation areas follows: a total of 113 families and 54 species were found in the flora. The naturalized plants among them amounted to 19 families and 54 species. The ratio of naturalization was most high in the biotope type of rural dried stream(36.4%). The biotype that showed the lowest ratio of naturalization was coniferous natural forest type, which had no naturalized plants in it. The average naturalization ration of the Jeonju region turned out to be 18.9%, which is similar to that of other mid-size cities in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

This study was accomplished by analyzing the change of land cover pattern in high-rise buildings in Korea. For this study, we selected 15 locations of high-rise buildings. The ratio of average building coverage and paved area was 79.7%, and both green and water area were low, relatively. The biotope area factor of the site showed low percentage by 15.90% due to the underground space development. As a result of correlation analysis between the time of construction and land-cover type, building coverage has been decreased according to the stream of time. However, biotope area factor has been increased And, the paved area has m correlation. It was identified that reducing paved area is effective to enhance the ecological functions of a high-rise building outdoor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of eco-friendly restoration in forested bog on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 1,071 individuals, 60 species, 40 families, 13 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. At the control and Site 3(small dam), the number of species and individuals were larger than that of other sites, and EPT group ratio was same as well. Considered by index, the dominance index (DI) was found the highest at the biotope area. The diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were the highest at the control and Site 3. In addition, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate (ESB) showed the highest at site 3, while the lowest at biotope area. The stability and recovery of benthic macrointebrates showed different according to restoration types at forested bog. After restoration project, the benthic macroinvertebrates were observed to get recovery at Site 3, and to have the highest communities stability at control and Site 3. At biotope areas (Site 4, Site 5 and Site 6) communities stability were the lowest, but showed different community stability values according to the presence of water. It is confirmed that the eco-friendly restoration projects indeed provided the better environment for the inhabitation of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The change of community index depending on the restoration projects suggests that the eco-friendly restoration can provide a more suitable environment for benthic macroinvertebrate ecosystem that prefers the stream environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was conducted to propose the plan of creating a brooklet reflecting an water-friendly space as well as its function as the habitats of wildbird in Cheongdam Neighborhood Park in Seoul. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan, a execution; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, trail, existing vegetation, wildbird; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 5 types; Quercus mongolica-Q. acutissima forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Populus${\times}$albaglandulosa forest, artificial green space, urban area. 11 species and 49 individuals of wildbirds appeared in 2004(3~4month). The plan of creating a brooklet were divided passive-zone, eco-zone, and dynamic-zone. Environment elements of each space including a mountain stream, ecological pond, marshland, ecological landscape forest, wildbird observation trail, waterway etc. The brooklet of Cheongdam Neighborhood Park is rated high as an important space for wildbird biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was a biota research and analysis for Close-to-nature stream restoration planning of Shinchun. The summary of this study is as follows; 1) The vascular plants in research area recorded of 45 species and insect fauna recorded of 34 species of 8 orders. As a result of table of community classification, the communities were two group; Quercus variabilis community(I), Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis-Quercus dentata community(II). 2) As a result of analysis on correlation of tree species, the level of significance in positive correlation between Quercus dentata and Corylus heterophyll aindicated 1% and between Pinus densiflora and Lespedeza bicolor also indicated 1%. 3) As a result of DBH analysis, it is expected that Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata will dominateover other species in competition and its succession continuously maintains from now on in community I. In community II, it is assumed that there is a high possibility of changing into community of Quercus such as Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, and Quercus variabilis. 4) As a result of analysis on insect fauna, insect fauna consists of 94% of whole species as 32 species, 23 families, 8 orders. And 7 species, 7 families 4 orders was found in highly urbanized area, the vicinity of Sang-Dong bridge. 5) As mentioned above, Based on A biota fundamental research, Close-to-nature stream restoration planning were full of suggestions: i) Designating ecosystem preservation area, ii) Making Close-to-nature stream revetments, iii) Making pool-and-riffle, vi) Making decks for observation and walks for nature experience, v) Creating wetland biotope. Through these methods, it is necessary to promote bio-diversity and lead people to the space for eco-learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

The main focus of this research is the establishment of a systemic evaluation model based on objective evaluation indices, which are drawn to assess the experiencing of nature and recreational value at the level of the district unit. First of all, as a result of a literature review, a total of 10 indices can be drawn including vegetation structure, pavement rate, and hemeroby to evaluate an assessment of natural experiences and recreational value. Also, as a result of expert survey analysis, all evaluation index items were above 4.4, which is a high importance average. Hemeroby and unique landscape factor items in particular were above 5.8, which is very high. In addition, as a result of implementing a factor analysis to classify evaluation indices according to characteristics, three factors arise: 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience', 'typical availability', and 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense.' Based on the above survey analysis results, the 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense' was the highest, at 3.510. The classification 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience' was the lowest, at 3.035. A systemic value evaluation model was established by comprehensively analyzing these results. To verify the validity of the evaluation model drawn, real sites are selected and applied. First of all, as a result of a biotope types classification of sites, biotope type groups are classified into a total of 13 including the stream biotope while its subordinate biotope types are classified into a total of 61 groups. Lastly, as a result of biotope value evaluation, which was a previously established evaluation model, there are a total of 16 types including vegetation-abundant natural rivers and small-scale woodlands near forests in grade I. There are 9 types in grade II, 8 in grade III, 8 in grade IV, 19 in the least-valuable grade V.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.16-27
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• 2020

This study presented a plan for the establishment of conservation areas and the ecological management of those areas in the stream based on the Marxan with Zones Program for a Jungrangcheon Stream in downtown Seoul. The application of the Marxan with Zones Program included the stage of planning unit setting, application of mapping indices, numerical correction for repetitive analysis, creation of scenario-specific optimizations through analysis, analysis of sensitivity by scenario, review, and the selection of optimal plans among the scenarios considered. As a result of the establishment of a conservation area near Jungrangcheon Stream, which has several watershed areas, including an upper-middle-class wildlife protection zone, which was previously designated and managed as a conservation area, and the migratory protection zone downstream of Jungrangcheon Stream were designated as key conservation areas. A number of wild birds were observed in the upper reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream, adjacent to the forests of Suraksan Mountain and Dobongsan Mountain. The downstream area is a habitat for migratory birds that travel along the stream and the adjacent river ecosystem, including the Hangang River confluence and Cheonggyecheon Stream confluence. Therefore, the upper and lower reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream are connected to forest ecosystems such as Dobongsan Mountain, Suraksan Mountain, and Eungbongsan Mountain, as well as urban green area and river ecosystems in the basin area, which influence the establishment of conservation areas. This study verified the establishment and evaluation of existing conservation areas through the Marxan with Zones Program during the verification of the conservation areas and was presented as in-stream management and basin management method to manage the basin areas derived from core conservation areas determined through the program.