• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.610-616
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• 2008

Oil-based nanofluids were prepared by dispersing Ag, graphite and carbon black nanoparticles in lubricating oil. Agglomerated nanoparticles were dispersed evenly with a high-speed bead mill and/or ultrasonic homogenizer, and the surfaces of the nanoparticles were modified simultaneously with several dispersants. Their tribological behaviors were evaluated with a pin-on-disk, disk-on-disk and four-ball EP and wear tester. It is obvious that the optimal combination of nanoparticles, surfactants and surface modification process is very important for the dispersity of nanofluids, and it eventually affects the tribological properties as a controlling factor. Results indicate that a relatively larger size and higher concentration of nanoparticles lead to better load-carrying capacity. In contrast, the use of a smaller size and lower concentration of particles is recommended for reducing the friction coefficient of lubricating oil. Moreover, nanofluids with mixed nanoparticles of Ag and graphite are more suitable for the improvement of load-carrying capacity and antiwear properties.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.5-19
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• 2017

Purpose - This study involves the following questions: "Does internalization theory fully explain reality?" and "Which additional factors may add extra value to the theory?" To answer these, this study divides market entry mode into two steps, initial and subsequent and then, focuses on the subsequent distribution step; that is, the post-entry strategy after initial entry. In addition, this study relies on finding strategic orientations that affect the decision of post-entry into foreign markets. Research design, data, and methodology - To investigate this, this study examines 252 cases of Korean online games for each foreign market and the distribution mode at the product-team level. Results - The result shows that companies use different distribution strategies as a post-entry mode, like licensing, or joint distribution rather than exclusive distribution, through subsidiaries even if they already have wholly owned local subsidiaries which have enough experience and resources to select the entry modes among various types and then provide full commitment and control. Additionally, it finds that strategic orientation affects post-entry strategies differently. Conclusions - Therefore, this study is noteworthy and significant, as it practically extends the existing theories such as an internalization and distribution for decision making regarding the overseas expansion of entertainment businesses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Currently, many organizations introduce ERP system as a key enabler of business strategic accomplishment and it can improve productivity and efficiency of organizations by integration and managing enterprise resources. Already many organizations have introduced ERP systems and the number of introduced ERP system is increasing steadily. Unfortunately, even though organizations have invested much money, previous studies showed the ERP systems had not always turned in good result. It is easy to find many studies that suggest that successful implementing strategies for ERP systems. This study reviewed the previous literature on strategic use of change management in enterprise. In order to establish a successful implementation of ERP, this paper suggests proper solutions to conduct change management according to implementation phase with activity and output, especially analyzing successful organizations in implementing ERP system through consistent change management.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.444-448
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• 2016

In this study, the recently developed Al 2013 alloy was T8-tempered and, to improve the strength and corrosion-resistance, slight amounts of Zr of 0.2 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively, were added and the mechanical properties were analyzed. For microstructure and precipitate analysis, OM observation, XRD analysis, and TEM analysis were performed, and for the mechanical property analysis, hardness and tensile strength tests were done. Also, in order to determine the corrosion rate according to the Zr content, a potentiodynamic polarization test was performed and the properties were compared and analyzed. The size of the precipitate varied with the content of Zr and was finest at Zr content of 0.2 wt%; it grew larger at 0.5 wt%, at which point the hardness value accordingly showed the same trend. On the other hand, as calculated from the aspect of chemical bonding among atoms, it was confirmed that the tensile strength and the corrosion-resistance increased with the same trend.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

One of the typical characteristics of smart media is that it is interactive, which shows a different form and property from the existing mass media, and also changes the way users use it. This change requires a different system from the existing method in the advertising process strategic model for effective interactive advertising in smart media. We attempted to derive an effective smart media interactive advertising process strategic model by understanding the interactive advertising processin smart media that is expected to continue to grow asthe main market of the advertising market and identifying the constituent factors. To this end, We analyzed the preminiary research results of interactive advertising and organized expert panels for the Delphi method and reflected their opinions and evaluations. The components and factors of interactive advertising were found and the effective interactive advertising process strategy model in smart media was derived from this study.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-100
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• 1998

The application of computers and information technologies progressed with remarkable pace has paved the way for technological innovation toward the efficient integration of various functions in a manufacturing system. Actually it is observed that the greater part of manufacturing companies already initiated significant efforts to integrate information systems and attained the level of integration to some extent. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the strategic direction that manufacturing firms are pursuing through integrating information systems. Using the extensive data gathered from Japanese manufacturers, it is attempted to find the differences in competitive priorities and action programmes between the companies with high and low-level system integration. Our empirical data reveals that the manufacturers with highly integrated system are focusing their competitive capabilities on the rapid design change and new product introduction, and accordingly they place a greater emphasis on the action programmes related to design, process and quality improvement. As a conclusion, highly integrated firms tend to pursue new product development strategy more intensively, thereby they want to be a preemptor in the new market through exploiting technological advantages of integrated manufacturing system.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

This article will analyze and forecast important variables and dynamics in global power politics after the war in Ukraine. It tries to use several perspectives to analyze international relations, particularly liberal internationalism and structural realism. In short, core variables are as follows; First, how is the US-led liberal international order and globalization being adjusted? Second, how will the U.S.-China strategic competition, which is the biggest and structural variable, cause changes in the international order in the future? The third variable, how stable are Sino-Russia relations in the context of a structuring U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle? Fourth, to what extent will third middle hedging states outside the U.S. and China be able to exercise strategic autonomy in the face of multipolarization? To summarize, the first of these four variables is the largest basic variable at the global political and economic level in terms of its impact on the international community, and it has been led by the United States. The second variable, in terms of actors, seems to be the most influential structural variable in global competition, and the US-China strategic competition is likely to be a long game. Thus the world will not be able to escape the influence of the competition between the two global powers. For South Korea, this second variable is probably the biggest external variable and dilemma. The third variable, the stability of Sino-Russia relations, determines balance of global power in the 21st century. The U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle, as seen in the current war in Ukraine, will operate as the greatest power variable in not only global power competition but also changes in the international order. Just as the U.S. is eager for a Sino-Russia fragmentation strategy, such as a Tito-style wedge policy to manage balance of power in the early years of the Cold War, it needs a reverse Kissinger strategy to reset the U.S.-Russia relationship, in order to push for a Sino-Russia splitting in the 21st century. But with the war in Ukraine, it seems that this fragmentation strategy has already been broken. In the context of Northeast Asia, whether or not the stability of Sino-Russia relations depends not only on the United States, but also on the Korean Peninsula. Finally, the fourth variable is a dependent variable that emerged as a result of the interaction of the above three variables, but simultaneously it remains to be seen that this variable is likely to act as the most dynamic and independent variable that can promote multilateralism, multipolarization, and pan-regionalism of the global international community in the future. Taking into account these four variables together, we can make an outlook on the change in the international order.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.85-97
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• 2015

This study examined that the assimilated web technologies can contribute to IS(information system) success. Through hierarchical regression analysis, the following findings are identified. First, top management championship, strategic investment rationale, and computer use and access affected web technology assimilation, and then web technology assimilation influenced on IS development success positively. Second, top management championship had more influence than other independent variables in strategies dimension of web technologies assimilation while strategic investment rationale did in activities dimension. Third, the strategies assimilation was more dominant than the activities assimilation for IS success. Thus it is concluded that IT including web technologies brings organizations a powerful business tool and high profit.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.95-120
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• 2005

Utilization of information and communication technologies is commonly accepted as important to value creation in the knowledge economy. Nevertheless, empirical findings from our business case studies often show that while sophisticated technological tools may be developed, the potentials are not realized. It is evident that technology is subject to adaptive and emergent strategies of use, diverging from the original intention. Within this space of opportunities, we elaborate the importance of constructing strategic concepts as communication tools to support organisational implementation of technologies. We use the concept of organisational implementation as a way of taking the technology into use in order to support changes and value creation in the user organisation. In this paper we present our findings related to how use and experiences are conditioned by the users' expectations. We have conducted a business case study in order to understand and explore how users employ and use a particular wireless technology infrastructure. On behalf of the infrastructure vendor, we have studied three different organisations that use this technology. The overall research goal of our joint research project was to find out what is good use and for whom. We find that users struggle to go beyond the expectations they had when they were conceptualising and telling us about their practice. We have good indications that a narrowed consciousness was also conditioning the users' use of the technology. In this paper we draw the conclusion that technological implementations towards changing work practices and value creation must not be viewed by the company solely as a knowledge acquisition process, but as a process of knowledge creation. Organisational implementation is an ongoing process, a learning process at both the organisational and individual level. Flexible tools and technologies are constituted and shaped in interaction and communication in the workplace. Based on that knowledge, we build up an argument for an organisational implementation framework, including strategic discussions, learning spaces, and concept constructions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.49-63
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• 1985

This paper is focused on the introduction of the types of models and explanation of the fundamental concepts and theory for development and use of the corporate planning and modeling system. Nowadays, a great deal of companies have been or experimenting with some form of a corporate planning and modeling system to support managerial and strategic decision making. From previous studies it was noted that most applications have tended to be financially based. This trend will probably continue. However, with the software and hardware currently available it is likely that companies will move more toward integrated models that link marketing, production, as will as financial areas. More emphasis will undoubtedly be placed on the use of econometric modeling, since this subelement of the overall planning and modeling process is closely tied to the market place and the economy. At any rate, wherever the development of corporate planning and modeling system is directed, clear understanding for the fundamental concepts and elements of the system is settled in advance in order to develope and use it.