• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.1630-1635
• /
• 2003

The deformation and fracture behaviors of a bulk amorphous metal, Zr-based one (Zr$\_$41.2/Ti$\_$13.8/Cu$\_$12.5/Ni$\_$10/Be$\_$22.5/: Vitreloy), were investigated over a strain rate range (7x10$\^$-4/～4 s$\^$-1/). The uniaxial compression test and the indentation test using 3mm-diameter WC balls were carried out under quasi-static loading conditions. As a result, at the uniaxial compressive state, the fracture stress of the material was very high (～1,700MPa) and the elastic strain limit was about 2%. The fracture strength showed a strain rate independent behavior up to 4 s$\^$-1/. Using indentation tests, the plastic deformation behavior of the Zr-based BAM up to a large strain value of 15% could be achieved, even though it was the deformation under locally constrained condition. The Meyer hardness of the Zr-based BAM measured by static indentation tests was about 5 GPa and it revealed negligible strain hardening behavior. At indented sites, the plastic indentation occurred forming a crater and well-developed multiple shear bands were generated around it along the direction of 45 degree when the indentation load exceeded 7kN. With increasing indentation load, shear bands became dense. The fracture surface of the specimen after uniaxial compressive tests showed vein-like pattern, typical morphology of many BAMs.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of restraint (DOR) of longitudinal steel at continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) against environmental loadings. METHODS : To measure the longitudinal steel strain, 3-electrical resistance and self-temperature compensation gauges were installed to CRCP test section (thickness = 250mm, steel ratio = 0.7%) and continuously measured 10 min. intervals during 259 days. In order to properly analyze the steel strains first, temperature compensation process has been conducted. Secondly, measured steel strains were divided into 12 phases with different events such as before paving, during concrete hardening, and after first cracking, etc. RESULTS : Thermal strain rate (TSR) concept is defined as the linear strain variations with temperature changes and restraints rate of longitudinal steel against environmental loadings (especially thermal loading) with different cases is defined as degree of restraint(DOR). New concept of DOR could be indirect indicator of crack width behaviors of CRCP. CONCLUSIONS : Before paving, DOR of longitudinal steel is almost same at the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel ($12.44m/m/^{\circ}C$) because of no restraint boundary condition. After concrete pouring, DOR is gradually changed into -1 due to concrete stiffness developing with hydration. After first cracking at crack induced area, values of DOR are around -3~-5. The negative DOR stands for the crack width behavior instead of steel strain behavior. During winter season, DOR reached to -5.77 as the highest, but spring this values gradually reduced as -1.7 as the lowest. Based on this observation, we can presume crack width decreased over time within the time frame of this study. This finding is not consistent with the current theory on crack width variations over time, so further study is necessary to identify the causes of crack width reducing. One of the reasons could be related to concrete stress re-distribution and stress relaxation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2007

In a plastic metal forming of thermally rate-sensitive material, the localized shear band stems from evolution of a narrow region in which intensive plastic flow occurs. And it give rise to fatal fracture with plastic instability. The objectives of this study are to investigate the localization behavior by using numerical method and predict the failure for WHA(Tungsten Heavy Alloy). In this work, the implicit finite difference scheme is used because of the advantage about convergence and the numerical stability. This study is based on an analysed material with hardening as well as thermally softening behavior which includes isotropic strain hardening and observed the extension of localization within shear band according to material properties.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.395-403
• /
• 2000

Formation of Shear Band under the adiabatic condition is widely observed In the engineering materials during rapidly forming process lot a thermally rate-dependent material. The shear band stems from evolution of a narrow region in which an intensive plastic flow occurs. The shear band often plays a role of a precursor of the ductile fracture during a forming process. The objective of this study is to investigate the localization behavior using numerical method. In this work, the implicit finite difference scheme is employed due to the ease of convergence and the numerical stability It is noted that physical and mechanical properties of materials determine how the shear band is formed and then localized. Material properties can be characterized with inertia number dissipation number and diffusion number. It is observed that the dimensionless numbers effect on localization. Using a parametric study, comparison was made between CRS-1018 steel with WHA (tungsten heavy alloy). The deformation behavior of material in this study include an isotropic hardening as well as thermal softening. Moreover, this study suggests that a kinematic hardening constitutive relation be required to predict a more accurate strain level at a shear band.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.312-315
• /
• 2002

This paper summarizes the results of a numerical study conducted to analyze the effect of selected process parameters on material flow and thread profile in thread rolling of large diameter blanks. Based on the previous work where a plane strain mode was found to provide a reasonable approximation of the thread rolling process, the effect of varying thread form, friction factor, flow stress, and blank diameter on effective strain and thread height was analyzed using the finite element code DEFORM. This study show that effective strain for flank angle, that blank diameter had important effect on the as-rolled thread while flow stress, friction factor, and crest round of dies had significant impact on effective strain at the thread root and crest and load of thread rolling. While the rate of strain harding was found to have an effect on the crest profile, the results indicate that it is the primary factor responsible for seam formation in rolled threads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.360-363
• /
• 2007

This paper deals with the dynamic tensile characteristics of the steel sheets for structural members of a train. Train accidents occurs rarely but lead to many casualties and economical loss. Therefore the safety of the train becomes important during the train crash. The dynamic tensile characteristics of the steel sheets are indispensable to analyze the structural crashworthiness. Current research reports the stress-strain curves, fracture elongation and strain rate sensitivities evaluated at the various strain rates especially for SUS304L-ST and SUS304L-LT steel sheets. The results include the difference in the dynamic tensile characteristics of both rolling and transverse directions. Dynamic tensile tests were performed at the strain rates ranging from 0.003/sec to 200/sec using High Speed Material Testing Machine. The materials tested in this research shows interesting behavior at the low strain rates. The strain hardening exponent decreases remarkably while the yield strength increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 1996.03b
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1996

Finite element calculations are performed for crystalline solids subjected to plane strain tensile loading. Using Asaro's double slop model, shearband developments in single crystals are analyzed. The effect of various rate sensitivities and latent hardening parameters on microscopic plastic behavior was clarified. Moreover the deformation behavior of polycystals which have grain boundaries was compared to that of single crystals.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 2011

The mechanical properties of the most widely used cryogenic materials, i.e. austenitic stainless steel (ASS), aluminum alloy and invar steel, strongly depend on temperatures and strain rates. These phenomena show very complicated non-linear behaviors and cannot be expressed by general constitutive equation. In this study, an unified constitutive equation was proposed to represent the effect of temperature and strain rate on the materials. The proposed constitutive equation has been based on Tomita/Iwamoto and Bodner/Partom model for the expression of 2nd hardening due to martensite phase transformation of ASS. To simulate ductile fracture, modified Bodner/Chan damage model was additionally applied to the model and the model validity was verified by comparison of experimental and simulation results.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2011

Dry sliding wear behavior of AISI 52100 steel that has a pearlite or bainite microstructure was characterized to explore the effect of microstructure on the wear of the steel. Isothermal heat treatments were employed to obtain the different microstructures. Pin-on-disk type wear tests of the steel disk were performed at loads of 25~125N in air against an alumina ball. Sliding speed and wear distance used were 0.1m/sec and 300m, respectively. Worn surfaces, wear debris and cross-sections of the worn surfaces were examined with SEM to investigate the wear mechanism of the steel. Hardness of the steel was also evaluated. Wear rate of the steel was correlated with the hardness and the microstructure. On the whole, wear resistance increased with an increase in hardness. However, the pearlite microstructure showed superior wear resistance as compared to the bainite microstructure with a similar hardness. The effect of the microstructure on the wear rate was attributed to the morphological differences of the carbide in the microstructure, which was found to have a significant effect on strain hardening during the wear.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2002

To understand the large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) behavior of complex fluids, we have investigated the flow behavior of a network model in the LAOS environment. We applied the LAOS flow to the model proposed by Vaccaro and Marrucci (2000), which was originally developed to describe the system of associating telechelic polymers. The model was found to predict at least three different types of LAOS behavior; strain thinning (G' and G" decreasing), strong strain overshoot (G' and G" increasing followed by decreasing), and weak strain overshoot (G' decreasing, G" increasing followed by decreasing). The overshoot behavior in the strain sweep test, which il often observed in some complex fluid systems with little explanation, could be explained in terms of the model parameters, or in terms of the overall balance between the creation and loss rates of the network junctions, which are continually created and destroyed due to thermal and flow energy. This model does not predict strain hardening behavior because of the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) type nonlinear effect of loss rate. However, the model predicts the LAOS behavior of most of the complex fluids observed in the experiments.he experiments.