• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

P91 steel has been a highly researched material because of its applicability for high-temperature applications. Considerable efforts have been made to produce experimental creep data and develop models for creep life prediction. As creep tests are expensive and difficult to conduct, it is vital to develop authenticated empirical methods from experimental results that can be utilized for better understanding of creep behavior and can be incorporated into computational models for reliable prediction of creep life. In this research, a series of creep rupture tests are performed on the P91 specimens within a stress range of 155 MPa to 200 MPa and temperature range of 640 ℃ (913 K) to 675 ℃ (948 K). The microstructure, hardness, and fracture surfaces of the specimens are investigated. To analyze the results of the creep rupture tests at a macro level, a parameter called creep work density is derived. Then, the relationships between various creep parameters such as strain, strain rate, time to rupture, creep damage tolerance factor, and creep work density are investigated, and various empirical equations are obtained.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1993년도 가을 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.186-192
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• 1993

Proto-type seismic isolation rubber bearings are investigated through nonlinear hyperelasticity finite elements using the ANSYS general purpose structural analysis code. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the maximum horizontal strain range which can be obtained with a 250KN hydraulic actuator. A Mooney-Rivlin strain energy density function was used as a constitutive law for rubber. The results are compared with the test data available in the literature and found to in good agreement only in the higy strain range. The analysis results can be used with conservatism to predict the necessary force required to a specified displacement such as the purpose of this analysis. However, more precise constitutive model will be required to simulate the bearing behavior with accuracy in the mid-range strain.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2013

The Co-base super heat resisting alloy ECY768 is employed in gas turbine because of its high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The prediction of fatigue life for superalloy is important for improving the efficiency. In this paper, low cycle fatigue tests are performed as variables of total strain range and temperature. The relations between strain energy density and number of cycle to failure are examined in order to predict the low cycle fatigue life of ECY768 super alloy. The lives predicted by strain energy methods are found to coincide with experimental data and results obtained from the Coffin-Manson method. The fatigue lives is evaluated using predicted by Coffin-Manson method and strain energy methods is compared with the measured fatigue lives at different temperatures. The microstructure observing was performed for how affect able to low-cycle fatigue life by increasing the temperature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2014

Functionally graded steels (FGSs) are a family of functionally graded materials (FGMs) consisting of ferrite (${\alpha}$), austenite (${\gamma}$), bainite (${\beta}$) and martensite (M) phases placed on each other in different configurations and produced via electroslag remelting (ESR). In this research, the flow stress of dual layer austenitic-martensitic functionally graded steels under hot deformation loading has been modeled considering the constitutive equations which describe the continuous effect of temperature and strain rate on the flow stress. The mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory is used here to determine the position of each layer considering the relationship between the hardness of the layer and the composite dislocation density profile. Then, the released energy of each layer under a specified loading condition (temperature and strain rate) is related to the dislocation density utilizing the mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory. The flow stress of the considered FGS is obtained by using the appropriate coefficients in the constitutive equations of each layer. Finally, the theoretical model is compared with the experimental results measured in the temperature range $1000-1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate 0.01-1 s-1 and a sound agreement is found.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

In this study, Mooney-Rivlin 1st model and Mooney-Rivlin 3rd model are adopted as strain energy density functions of the rubber compounds of a radial tire. It is shown that the FE analysis using Mooney-Rivlin models for rubber compounds may provide good approximations by employing the appropriate strain range of experimental stress-strain data in a way to describe the stress-strain relationship accurately. Especially, Mooney-Rivlin 3rd model gives an accurate stress-strain relationship regardless of the fitting strain range used within the strain of 100%. The static nonlinear FE analysis of a tire inflation is performed by employing an axisymmetric model, which shows that the outside shapes of the tire before and after inflating the tire agree well with those of the real tire. Additionally, the deformations at crown center and turning point on sidewall, distribution of belt cord force, interlaminar shear strain are predicted in terms of variation of belt cord angle which is known as the most influential factor in inflation behavior of a tire.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The growth-strain method was used for shape optimization, which carries out the optimization by distributing uniformly the distributed parameter such as von Mises stress and shear strain energy density. Shape optimization is carried out by iteration of stress analysis and growth strain analysis. In this study, the effect of growth ratio in the method was investigated and then the range of the adequate value of the growth ratio was determined. Also the growth-strain method was improved by applying the linear PID control theory in order to control volume required by a designer. Finally, an automatic shape optimization system was built up by the improved growth-strain method with a commercial software using finite element method. The effectiveness and practicability of the developed shape optimization system was verified by some examples.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2021

A strain energy density function is used to characterize the hyperelasticity of rubber-like materials. Conventional models, such as the Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and Ogden models, are widely used in automotive industries, in which the strain potential is derived from strain invariants or principal stretch ratios. A fitting procedure for experimental data is required to determine material constants for each model. However, due to the complexities of the mathematical expression, these models can only produce an accurate curve fitting in a specified strain range of the material. In this study, a hyperelastic model for Neodymium Butadiene rubber is developed by using the Artificial Neural Network. Comparing the analytical results to those obtained by conventional models revealed that the proposed model shows better agreement for both uniaxial and equibiaxial test data of the rubber.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 체적 변형률 (volumetric strain)에 의한 스폰지 뼈의 밀도를 예측하는 것이다. 스폰지 뼈의 내부에서 유체의 흐름을 고려하기 위하여 각각의 normal strain의 합을 체적 변형률로 정의하였다. 체적 변형률의 경계조건에 대한 민감한 반응은 스폰지 뼈의 밀도를 예측하도록 하였다. 이러한 이론적 배경을 유한요소법 (finite element method)에 적용시켜 대퇴골 (femur)과 척구 (spine)의 스폰지 뼈에서의 밀도를 예측하였다. 예측된 뼈의 밀도는 실험적 데이터와 매우 유사하였다. (Wolff 1892, Keller et al. 1989, Codyet al. 1992). 뼈의 밀도의 함수인 뼈의 탄성계수와 강도 또한 실험적 결과와 매우 유사하였다. (Keller et al. 1989, Carter and Hayes 1977). 본 연구에서 정립된 알고리즘은 스폰지 뼈의 밀도를 예측하는데 있어서 수렴성과 민감성이 우수하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 컴퓨터 알고리즘은 스폰지 뼈의 밀도예측에 있어서 매우 유용한 방법이 될 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 2012

초탄성 재료인 고무는 타이어의 주 원료인데, 주행 중 다양한 형태의 하중을 받는다. 그와 같은 하중에 의하여 타이어에 변형률에너지가 축적되어 파손에 이르게 된다. 일반적으로 초탄성재료인 고무는 금속과 다른 응력연화 특성을 갖고 있기 때문에 금속의 시험법을 적용할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조성비가 다른 2 종의 타이어용 고무에 대한 피로특성을 평가하기 위하여, ASTM D4482 규격에서 요구하는 변형률 범위를 확장하여 인장 및 피로시험을 진행하였으며, 실험 결과를 이용하여 피로수명식을 제안하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.334-337
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• 2007

Austenitic stainless steel is used as high temperature components such as gas turbine blade and disk because of its good thermal resistance. In the present investigation, tensile and low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior of stainless steel for turbine disks was studied at wide temperature range $20^{\circ}C\;{\sim}\;750^{\circ}C$. In the tensile tests, it was shown that elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength decreased when temperature increased. The effect on fatigue failure of the parameters such as plastic strain amplitude, stress amplitude and plastic strain energy density was also investigated. Coffin-Manson and Morrow models were used to adjust experimental data and predict the fatigue life behavior at different mean strain values during cyclic loading of high temperature components.