• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

Traditional Hanok in modern society, depending on the improvement of economic and cultural level is evolving as a modern Hanok. An ideal of traditional Hanok and convenience of a modern housing does not match rather conflicting. This study deals the transformation of a new Hanok, which are build in Jeollanam-do province sponsored by local government from 2007. The subjects was selected 34 cases from Sunchon and Damyang which are build sponsored by Jeollanam-do local government from 2009 to 2011. The report is a design drawing of a Hanok, architectural survey of the Hanok research using questionnaires and interviews with the client or a resident, was confirmed by a visit to check and verify for each Hanok houses. Outside shape classification of Hanok were classified as straight, L type, and the interior space was analyzed by focusing on the living room, dining room, kitchen configuration consisting of housing space in public life. This study and the type of Hanok round out the framework from the perspective of residence' demands and realize new Hanok investigated and the evolution of the process is meaningful to find a Hanok.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.939-943
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to determine the lysine requirement of straight-run broiler chickens ($Hubbard{\times}Hubbard$) during the period 4-21 (Exp. 1) and 21-40 (Exp. 2) days of age. Experiments were conducted during the summer months (June-August) in open-sided houses, thus exposing chicks to chronic heat stress. Daily min-max temperature averaged $28-40^{\circ}C$ (Exp. 1) and $28-36^{\circ}C$ (Exp. 2). Lysine deficient basal diets were formulated to contain low-nutrient-density, i.e., 2,700 kcal per kg ME, 18.6% CP (Exp. 1), and 2,750 kcal per kg ME, 17.1% CP (Exp. 2), to mimic typical commercial broiler diets used in Pakistan. Diets were supplemented with L-lysine HCl to provide total lysine level ranging from 0.85 to 1.10% (six increments) and 0.72 to 1.02% (six increments), respectively in Exp. 1 and 2. Live performance data were subjected to quadratic analysis and requirement was defined as the level achieving 95% of maximum or minimum values. Lysine requirements were found to be 0.98 and 0.97% total lysine, respectively, for gain and feed efficiency during 4-21 days, and 0.87% total lysine for both gain and feed efficiency during 21-40 days of age. Calculated on a digestible lysine basis, the estimates were 0.85 and 0.84%, respectively, for gain and feed efficiency during 4-21 days of age; and 0.75% for gain and feed efficiency during 21-40 days of age.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2002

This study aims at examining the change of the urban space of the original Masan Area during the Japanese-forced colonial era of Korea(1910-1945) after circa 1912. That year is very important because the modern map of land was introduced. The land area of the original Masan was about $17,000m^2$ composed of small houses and shops. Colonial era could be divided into 3 periods according to the change of colonial policies. And the change of the urban space is examined according to these 3 periods. During the 1st period(1911-1920) the following 3 development occurred. 1. Land was reclaimed along the coast line by a Japanese civilian named 'Bakgan'. And his ownership of land continued until 1945. 2. A government ware house(Cho-Chang), which was the symbol of Masan harbor, was demolished and the land was divided into small lots. 3. Main artery and trunk roads(14-15m wide) were built replacing 2-3m wide narrow roads and connected to the reclamation land. During the 2nd period(1921-1930), also land reclamation and road making was more frequently carried out. And the infrastructure of the city was developed gradually. Also public buildings began to be built. Modern roads were constructed city-wide not only in the center of the city. In the 3rd period reclamation was at its peak. Especially Sinpo-Dong area located at the middle of New and original parts of Masan was reclaimed connecting 2 parts and making of a central Masan. During that time original Masan was enlarged because of reclamation. The coast line of Masan became straight from e original organic shape. Roads were constructed in the outskirts also. The size of land lots were more or less the same during the colonial era. But gradually lots were divided into smaller lots. Japanese entrepreneurs gradually occupied the central area of the original Masan until the liberation day. But Chinese ownership of land gradually diminished.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.109-112
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of disasters caused by typhoons passing through the sea area around the Korean Peninsula. It analyzed two cases, that is, in WEST and EAST cases. These include the typhoons passing through the Yellow Sea, west of the Peninsula and East Sea, east of the Peninsula without landing on the Peninsula. FCM (Fuzzy Clustering Method) analysis was performed on typhoons affecting the Korean Peninsula from 1951 to 2006. The analysis shows that WEST case's cluster has the curved track of NE-S, and EAST case's cluster has the straight track of NE-SW. Typhoons that pass through the Yellow Sea have little change in frequency and the weak intensity. On the other hand, the frequency and the intensity of typhoons passing through the East Sea show the increasing trend. The characteristic of disasters by typhoons affecting the Korean Peninsula from 1973 to 2006 appears differently for each case: EAST cases caused significant damage in flooding, while WEST cases did damage in houses, ships, roads, and bridges. Rainfall amount and maximum wind speed data are analyzed in order to understand the impact of the typhoons, and the result indicates that the WEST cases are influenced by the wind, and East cases by precipitation. The result of this study indicates that the characteristic of disasters is distinctive according to the Typhoon's track. If applied to establish the disaster prevention plan, this result could make a contribution to the damage reduction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1077-1087
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• 2015

제방은 홍수가 발생했을 때 하천의 범람을 막아 제내지의 인명, 가옥, 재산 등을 보호하는 중요한 기능을 하는 하천구조물이다. 제방의 붕괴원인은 크게 월류에 의한 붕괴, 침투에 의한 붕괴, 침식에 의한 붕괴로 분류되며, 침식에 의한 붕괴를 방지하기 위하여 호안을 설치한다. 따라서, 이러한 호안의 안정성은 제방 전체의 안정성과 직결되는 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 흐름의 강도가 증가하는 만곡부와 같은 수충부에서는 호안의 안정성이 급격히 저하되므로 이에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 경질성 호안의 수리실험을 통해 만곡수로에 설치된 호안의 취약지점을 파악하였으며 주요 지점의 유속과 수위를 측정하였다. 또한, 동일한 조건으로 3차원 수치해석을 수행하여 실험에서 계측장비의 한계로 확인하기 어려운 흐름특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 제방사면의 전단응력이 크게 산정된 부분과 사석호안이 붕괴된 위치가 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났으며 전단응력은 작으나 붕괴가 발생한 지점에서는 만곡의 영향으로 발생한 2차류에 의해 순환흐름이 발생되어 호안의 붕괴를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 기존의 사석산정공식을 이용하여 사석호안의 규모를 결정하였으며 하도의 평균유속보다 국부적인 최대유속으로 산정하였을 때, 1.5~4.7배 크게 산정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 만곡수로에서는 직선수로에서와는 사석의 규모를 산정하는 방법을 달리해야하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 추후 곡률반경 및 구조물에 대한 영향을 고려하고 대표형상에 대한 가중치를 부여 할 수 있으면 보다 합리적이고 정확한 호안사석의 규모를 결정할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 역사민속학
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• 제26호
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• pp.71-106
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• 2008

이 연구는 유희춘(柳希春)이 쓴 생활일기인 "미암일기(眉巖日記)"를 자료로, 조선중기를 살았던 한 양반관료의 여행을 복원하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 유희춘은 1567년 10월부터 1577년 5월까지 총 83개월 간 일기를 썼는데, 그 내용에서 추출한 26회의 여행기록을 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구의 주요한 결과를 살펴보면, 유희춘의 여행은 그 목적에 따라 공무여행과 사적인 여행으로 구분할 수 있다. 16회에 걸친 공무여행은 전라감사로서 군현의 순시, 예조참판으로서의 능의 관리와 참배, 산제(山祭)의 봉행 등을 목적으로 하였다. 유희춘은 줄곧 관직에 있었기 때문에 사적인 여행이 쉽지 않았다. 사적인 여행은 모두 10회였는데, 조상 묘소의 성묘와 정비, 자신과 부인의 신병치료, 새로운 집의 건축 등을 위해 이루어졌으며, 모두 장기간에 걸친 장거리 여행이었다. 유희춘이 여행한 경로를 살펴보면, 가장 많이 오간 서울-담양 간의 여정에 '해남로'를 이용한 것을 비롯하여, 주로 국가가 관리하는 주요 간선도로를 이용하였다. 그 이유는 간선도로가 대개 직선루트로 이루어져 가장 빠른 길이기도 했지만, 그 보다는 길가 곳곳에 역(驛) 원(院)등의 편의시설이 잘 갖추어져 있어 중간에 말을 갈아타고 숙식하는 데 가장 편리하였기 때문이었다. 한편 유희춘은 전라감사로 근무하는 동안 전라도의 군현들을 4회에 걸쳐 시찰하였는데, 그 여정은 전라도 전 지역을 샅샅이 도는 노선으로 짜여졌다. 현직관료였던 유희춘은 임금으로부터 여행 허가를 받는 것으로 여행 준비를 시작하였다. 이와 병행하여 여행에 필요한 물품들을 준비하였는데, 교통수단인 말을 준비하는 것이 가장 중요하였다. 모든 여행 준비가 끝나면, 임금에게 '숙배(肅拜)'라는 작별인사를 드리고, 평소 알고 지내던 친지들과 '전별(餞別)' 행사를 가지고 길을 나섰다. 유희춘이 이용한 주된 교통수단은 말이었고, 여기에는 역마(驛馬), 쇄마(刷馬)(지방관아의 관용 말), 그리고 개인소유의 말이 모두 동원되었다. 그 밖에 전라감사로서의 순시에는 가마가 주로 이용되었다. 현직 관료였던 유희춘은 여행을 하면서 대부분 지방관아의 객사(客舍)에서 숙박하였다. 여정에 따라 객사에서의 숙박이 여의치 않을 때에는 역(驛)이나 친지의 집을 이용하였으며, 드물게 사찰에서 숙박한 사례도 있었다. 여행 중의 식사는 대개 지방관아에서 제공받았다. 유희춘의 여행 중의 활동은 여행 목적에 따라 상당히 달랐다. 먼저 사적인 여행은 조상들의 묘소를 찾아 제사를 지내고 묘소를 정비하는 일이 가장 주요한 활동이었으며, 경로 상에 있는 친지를 방문하였다. 전라감사로서의 공무여행 중의 활동은 규칙성을 가지고 있었다. 그 주요 내용은 군현의 공무 처리, 향교(鄕校) 방문 등이었으며, 중간에 틈을 내어 친지를 방문하거나 명승지를 둘러보았다.