• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2022

Due to the large volume and generally as a public building, the damage of large-span space structures under various non-conventional loads will cause greater economic losses, casualties, and social impacts, etc. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the seismic performance of large-span space structures. This paper taked a multipurpose sports center as an example and considered its synergistic deformation based on the method of equivalent damping ratio. Furthermore, The ABAQUS software was used to analyze the time-history and energy response of the multipurpose sports center under the action of rare earthquakes, and proposed a quantitative damage index to assess the overall damage of the structure. Finally, the research results indicated that the maximum inter-story drift ratio of the multipurpose sports center under the action of rare earthquakes was less than its limit value. The frame beams presented different degrees of damage, but the key members were basically in an elastic state. The bearing capacity did not reach the limit value, which satisfied the intended seismic performance target. This study taked an actual case as an example and proposed a relevant damage evaluation system, which provided some reference for the analysis of the seismic performance of large-span space structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2020

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) widely uses for the collapse risk assessment procedures of buildings. In this study, an IDA-based collapse risk assessment methodology is proposed, which employs a novel approach for detecting the near-collapse (NC) limit state. The proposed approach uses the modal pushover analysis results to calculate the maximum inter-story drift ratio of the structure. This value, which is used as the upper-bound limit in the IDA process, depends on the structural characteristics and global seismic responses of the structure. In this paper, steel midrise intermediate moment resisting frames (IMRFs) have selected as case studies, and their collapse risk parameters are evaluated by the suggested methodology. The composite action of a concrete floor slab and steel beams, and the interaction between the infill walls and the frames could change the collapse mechanism of the structure. In this study, the influences of the metal deck floor and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry infill walls with uniform distribution are investigated on the seismic collapse risk of the IMRFs using the proposed methodology. The results demonstrate that the suggested modified IDA method can accurately discover the near-collapse limit state. Also, this method leads to much fewer steps and lower calculation costs rather than the current IDA method. Moreover, the results show that the concrete slab and the AAC infill walls can change the collapse parameters of the structure and should be considered in the analytical modeling and the collapse assessment process of the steel mid-rise intermediate moment resisting frames.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2012

이 논문은 KBC2009에서 규정하고 있는 RC 특수전단벽과 시공성 개선을 목적으로 제안된 경계요소 내 완화된 배근상세를 갖는 특수전단벽과의 비교 실험결과를 제시하고 있다. 연구목적에 따라 22층 벽식구조 아파트로부터 모델링된 최하층 벽체가 2/3크기로 축소되어 2개의 실험체가 제작되었으며, 일정축력 하에서 반복가력 실험이 실시되었다. 실험결과, 완화된 배근상세를 따르는 특수전단벽체은 KBC2009의 배근상세를 따르는 특수전단벽체와 등가점성 감쇠비를 통해 계산된 에너지소산능력 및 연성도에서는 약간의 차이를 보이고 있으나, 하중-변위 측면에서는 매우 유사한 능력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 현행 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 1.5% 수준의 층간횡변위비 조건을 충분히 만족하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2014

An experimental study was performed to investigate the seismic performance of solid steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frames with special-shaped columns that are composed of SRC special-shaped columns and reinforced concrete beams. For this purpose, two models of two-bay and three-story frame, including an edge frame and a middle frame, were designed and tested. The failure process and patterns were observed. The mechanical behaviors such as load-displacement hysteretic loops and skeleton curves, load bearing capacity, drift ratio, ductility, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation of test specimens were analyzed. Test results show that the failure mechanism of solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns is the beam-hinged mechanism, satisfying the seismic design principle of "strong column and weak beam". The hysteretic loops are plump, the ductility is good and the capacity of energy dissipation is strong, indicating that the solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns has excellent seismic performance, which is better than that of the lattice SRC frame with special-shaped columns. The ultimate elastic-plastic drift ratio is larger than the limit value specified by seismic code, showing the high capacity of collapse resistance. Compared with the edge frame, the middle frame has higher carrying capacity and stronger energy dissipation, but the ductility and speed of stiffness degradation are similar. All these can be helpful to the designation of solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.795-812
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• 2011

Estimation of damage probability of buildings under a future earthquake is an essential issue to ensure the seismic reliability. Fragility curves are useful tools for showing the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion indices. The purpose of this study is to compare the damage probability of R/C buildings with low and high level of strength and ductility through fragility analysis. Two different types of sample buildings have been considered which represent the building types mentioned above. The first one was designed according to TEC-2007 and the latter was designed according to TEC-1975. The pushover curves of sample buildings were obtained via pushover analyses. Using 60 ground motion records, nonlinear time-history analyses of equivalent single degree of freedom systems were performed using bilinear hysteretic model and peak-oriented hysteretic model with stiffness - strength deterioration for each scaled elastic spectral displacement. The damage measure is maximum inter-story drift ratio and each performance level considered in this study has an assumed limit value of damage measure. Discrete damage probabilities were calculated using statistical methods for each considered performance level and elastic spectral displacement. Consequently, continuous fragility curves have been constructed based on the lognormal distribution assumption. Furthermore, the effect of hysteresis model parameters on the damage probability is investigated.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

A precise estimation of the natural time period of buildings improves design quality, causes a significant reduction of the buildings' weight, and eventually leads to a cost-effective design. In this study, in order to optimise the reinforced concrete frames design, some symmetrical and unsymmetrical buildings composed of solid and hollow members have been simulated using finite element software SAP 2000. In numerical models, different parameters such as overturning moment, story drift, deflection, base reactions, and stiffness of the buildings were investigated and the results have been compared with strength and serviceability limit criteria proposed by Australian Standard (AS 3600 2018). Comparing the results of the numerical modelling with existing standards and performing a cost analysis proved the merits of hollow box sections compared to solid sections. Finally, based on numerical simulation results, two equations for natural time period of moment resisting reinforced concrete buildings have been presented. Both derived equations reflected higher degree of correlation and reliability with different complexities of building when compared with existing standards and relationships provided by other scholars. Therefore, these equations will assist practicing engineers to predict elastic behaivour of structures more precisely.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2006

This paper describes a procedure to develop fragility curves for woodframe structures subjected to lateral wind loads. The fragilities are cast in terms of horizontal displacement criteria (maximum drift at the top of the shearwalls). The procedure is illustrated through the development of fragility curves for one and two-story residential woodframe buildings in high wind regions. The structures were analyzed using a monotonic pushover analysis to develop the relationship between displacement and base shear. The base shear values were then transformed to equivalent nominal wind speeds using information on the geometry of the baseline buildings and the wind load equations (and associated parameters) in ASCE 7-02. Displacement vs. equivalent nominal wind speed curves were used to determine the critical wind direction, and Monte Carlo simulation was used along with wind load parameter statistics provided by Ellingwood and Tekie (1999) to construct displacement vs. wind speed curves. Wind speeds corresponding to a presumed limit displacement were used to construct fragility curves. Since the fragilities were fit well using a lognormal CDF and had similar logarithmic standard deviations (${\xi}$), a quick analysis to develop approximate fragilities is possible, and this also is illustrated. Finally, a compound fragility curve, defined as a weighted combination of individual fragilities, is developed.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.60-67
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• 2004

The designer of a tall building even in moderate and low seismic regions should, in finalizing the desist consider the probable impact of the design basis earthquake on the selected structural system. In this study, seismic response analysis was conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of concentrically braced steel highrise buildings which were designed only for governing wind loading under moderate seismicity. The main purpose of this analysis was to see if the wind design would create a system whose elastic capacity clearly exceeds the probable demand as suggested by the design basis earthquake. The strength demand-to-capacity study revealed that the wind-designed steel highrise buildings with the aspect ratio of larger than five can withstand the design basis earthquake elastically by a sufficient margin due to the system over-strength resulting from the wind-serviceability criterion. The maximum story drift demand from the design basis earthquake was just 0.25% (or half the limit of Immediate Occupancy performance level in FEMA 273)

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2023

The buckling-restrained braced frames with eccentric configurations (BRBFECs) are stable cyclic behavior and high energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, they have an architectural advantage for creating openings like eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). In the present study, it has been suggested to use the performance-based plastic design (PBPD) method to calculate the design base shear of the BRBFEC systems. Moreover, in this study, to reduce the required steel material, it has been suggested to use the performance-based practical design (PBPD) method instead of the force-based design (FBD) method for the design of this system. The 3-, 6-, and 9-story buildings with the BRBFEC system were designed, and the finite element models were modeled. The seismic performance of the models was investigated using two suits of ground motions representing the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) and design basis earthquake (DBE) seismic hazard levels. The results showed that the models designed with the suggested method, which had lower weights compared to those designed with the FBD method, had a desirable seismic performance in terms of maximum story drift and ductility demand under earthquakes at both MCE and DBE seismic hazard levels. This suggests that the steel weights of the structures designed with the PBPD method are about 13% to 18% lesser than the FBD method. However, the residual drifts in these models were higher than those in the models designed with the FBD method. Also, in earthquakes at the DBE hazard level, the residual drifts in all models except the PBPD-6s and PBPD-9s models were less than the allowable reparability limit.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.241-252
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• 1998

이 연구의목적은 여러 수준의 지진에 대한 비내진 상세를 가진 저층 모멘트 저항 골조의 실제 반응을 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 우선 모델에 대한 축소율은 사용된 진동대의 용량을 고려하여 1 : 5 로 결정하였으며 상사성의 법칙에 따라 모델을 제작하였다. 그 다음에 이 모델에 대해 Taft N21E 지진가속도 기록의 최대 지진가속도를 0.12g. 0.2g, 0.4g로 조정하여 진동대를 이용한 지진모의실험을 수행하였다. 각 층별 횡방향 가속도와 변위, 그리고 구조물의 취약부위에서 국부변형이 측정되었다. 밑면 전단력은 손수 만든 로드셀을 이용하여 측정하엿다. 각 지진모의실험 전과 후에는 고유주기와 감쇠비의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 자유진동실험을 수행하였다. 전체거동과 국부거동에 대한 실험결과를 분석한 결과, 이 모델은 우리나라의 현행 내진 설계 기준에서의 설계지진 즉, 0.12g의 최대 지진가속에 대해서는 선형탄성으로 거동하였다. 최대 밑면 전단력은 1.8tf 로 설계 밑면 전단력의 약 4.7배로나타났다.이 실험모델은 높은 수준의 지진모의실험에서도 양호한 성능을 나타내었다. 높은 수준의지진에 대한 저항의 주요요소는 1)높은 초과강도, 2)기본주기의 증가, 그리고 3)비탄성 변형에 의한 얼마간의 에너지소산이다. 이 실험에서 모델의 층간변위는 대략 허용한계 내에 있었다.