• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

As the power and scale of typhoons are growing due to global warming and socioeconomic damages induced by super-typhoons are increasing, it is important to estimate inundation damages and to prepare proper adaptation plans against an attack of the super-typhoon. In this paper, we estimated the inundation damages of urban area around Haeundae beach induced by super-typhoons which follow the route of Typhoon Maemi with the conditions of Typhoon Vera (Ise Bay in Japan, 1959), Typhoon Durian (Philippine, 2006) and Hurricane Katrina (New Oleans in U.S.A, 2005). The coastal area around the Haeundae beach (Busan and Gyeongnam province) is expectedly damaged by severe storm surges. In this study we calculated the rise of sea level height after harmonizing the different datum levels of land and ocean and estimated the inundation depth, inundation area and the amount of building damages by using airborne LiDAR data and GIS spatial analysis techniques more accurately and quantitatively. As many researchers are predicting that super-typhoon of overwhelming power will occur around the Korean peninsula in the near future, the results of this study are expected to contribute to producing coastal inundation map and evacuation planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

Storm surges caused by a typhoon occur during the summer season, when the sea-level is higher than the annual average due to steric effect. In this study, we analyzed the sea-level pressure and tidal data collected in 1 h intervals at Incheon, Kunsan, Mokpo, Seogwipo stations on the Yellow Sea coast to analyze the summer season storm surge and wave overtopping. According to our analyses, the summer mean sea-level rise on the west and south coasts is approximately 20 cm and 15 to 20 cm higher than the annual mean sea-level rise. Changes in sea-level rise are closely related to changes in seasonal sea-level pressure, within the range of 1.58 to 1.73 cm/hPa. These correlated mechanisms generates a phase difference of one month or more. The 18.6 year long period tidal constituents indicate that in 2090, the amplitude of the $M_2$ basin peaks on the southwest coast. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the target year for global warming and sea-level rise in 2090. Wave overtopping was simulated considering annual mean sea-level rise, summer sea level rise, the combined effect of nodal factor variation, and 100-year frequency storm surge. As a result, flooding by wave overtopping occurs in the area of Suyong Bay, Busan. In 2090, overtopping discharges are more than doubled than those in Marine City by the recent typhoon Chaba. Adequate coastal design is needed to prepare for flood vulnerability.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

In this study, state of sea surface were analyzed comparatively for cases of low atmospheric pressure, which occurred in the middle area of China and moved eastward to the Korean Peninsula across the Yellow sea during April 9-12, 1999, and typhoons 'NEIL' May 1999 and 'OLGA' July 1999, which moved northward along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. In cases of low pressure, wind speeds and phases were respectively stronger and faster in the center area than in the surrounding areas. The wave heights seem to a somewhat differing tendency from that of the wind speeds due to the influences of geometry. On the other hand, wave heights were lower under typhoon weather than under low pressures, except the instance of wave height over 5 m on Chilbal when typhoon Olga pass northward from the southern area. Storm surges also showed larger amplitudes under low pressures than under typhoons. The results suggest that wave sand storm surges may be larger for a slow passing synoptic low pressures than for a fast passing local typhoon.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.83-103
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• 2017

Sand deposit with shell units is exposed in Hasa-ri, Yeonggwang-gun, Jeonnam province. We investigated the characteristics of sand sediment topography in the Yeonggwang coastal area to collect evidence of the paleo-environmental change. We performed analysis on particle characteristics, chemical composition, and the age of deposition of sediments. The deposit comprise moderately well sorted medium and fine sand ($1.00{\sim}2.19{\varphi}$). Various sedimentary structures can be observed. Geochemical characteristics change by depth and the degree of variation with depth is small. The results obtained from OSL dating show that sand layers below shell units are deposited 0.32-0.43 ka. As the elevation of the shell unit far mean high water levels or highest high water level, the extensive shell layers could only have been deposited during storm surge conditions. Aeolian processes are discounted due to the size of clasts and the location at which they occur. Results of age dating of the surrounding deposits indicate shell deposits formed after around 300 years age. There is a distinct difference between sedimentary layers including dark brown-black layer. The sedimentary characters such as particle size and geochemistry show difference with depth. It is presumed that depositional environmental in Hasa-ri has changed several times before. This study is expected to contribute to finding an evidence about occurrence of storm surges.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2004

The surges caused by the typhoon “Maemi” which struck the southern coast of Korea are analysed in Kwangyang Bay on September 12, 2003. The deviations of the high water level were 93∼108 cm and the maximum deviations of the water level (maximum surges) were 176∼196 cm in Kwangyang Bay during the typhoon “Maemi”. The major parameters of the maximum deviations of the water level are as follows: Analysis shows that the pressure drop increased the sea level by 59 cm, the flood of the Sumjin River by 4-5 cm and the external surge propagation and wind setup by 113∼132 cm. During the typhoon “Maemi”, the highest high water recorded in Kwangyang Port (PT3) is 460 cm, which is higher by 5 cm than the highest high water (455 cm) with return period of 100 years estimated in planning the Kwangyang steelworks (POSCO) grounds and higher by 15 cm than the observed highest high water (445 cm) recorded during the typhoon “Thelma” on 1987. Thus, the highest high water caused by the typhoon “Maemi” is higher than the extreme highest high water for the last 20 years in Kwangyang Bay.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2006

The typhoon, heavy rain, blizzard, storm and heavy snowfall had the main caused of natural disasters occurred in Korea from 1993 to 2002. Among them, typhoon has responsible for biggest disaster, recording about 47.4% of total economic damage. Typhoons concentrated mostly in the months from June to October. The average occurrence number in those months ranged from 3.9 to 5.5 based on 30 years of record(1971-2000). However, the numbers increased from 4.0 to 6.2 during the most recent 10 years(1991-2000). Jeju province, among others in Korea, was most frequently affected by typhoon which occurred 23 times during the period of 1991-2000. Typhoons which occurred from July to early August have passed mostly through the west of Jeju, whereas, those of late August to September have passed through the center and eastern sea area of Jeju. The typhoons 'Ramasun' and 'Rusa' caused severe damage in Jeju area in September 2003 and the surge heights were +39cm and +77cm, respectively. The main cause of the damage was surge height which was highly associated with the tidal phase at the time of typhoon passage. The damage caused by typhoon on the aquaculture, fishing boat and harbor cosatline wall around Jeju Island which was amounted to be 417 billion won(\) during the recent 3 years(2002-2004)

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

This study intends to analyze the accessibility to the evacuation shelters according to pedestrian characteristics for Shinpo-district and Haewoon district, Masan Happo-gu, Changwon, designated as Disaster Risk Districts(Typhoon and Storm Surge Risk Zones) due to the typhoon and surge disasters of the past such as Typhoon RUSA or MAEMI. Evacuation speed was analyzed by dividing the types of evacuees into children, general adults, and the aged people by considering physical conditions. In the case of Haewoon district, currently designated evacuation shelters appeared to be appropriate. But in the case of Sinpo district, over 50% of designated Disaster Risk Districts appeared to be evacuation-vulnerable zones in the case of the aged. Therefore, three additional shelters were designated to complement these problems. The results reveal that the problems about the evacuation-vulnerable zones in the case of the existing designated shelters, appeared to be improved. It is expected that the results, obtained in this study will be utilized to establish the complementary measures to analyze the evacuation risk and solve the problems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2012

Typhoon induced surge simulations are done to make an establishment of coastal disaster prevention plan. To apply efficient run-up and overtopping on vertical harbor docks, in which prevailing wet-dry scheme cannot be satisfied due to infinite steepness, an imaginary internal barrier concept introduced and analyzed. Before real application on the Mokpo harbor area, feasibility tests are done on an idealized simple geometry and as a result it is found that the moderate width of the barrier might be 1 m. The threshold value of the minimum wet depth $H_{min}$ for land area, which behaves sensitive role in inundation area and depth, depends on grid size. However it is revealed that 0.01 m is adequate value in this fine finite element with 10 m spacing. A hypothetical typhoon of 100 years return period in central pressure and maximum velocity is generated based on historical tracks. Simulation of possible inundation on Mokpo area is performed with asymmetrical vortex of hypothetical typhoon and wave coupling. Model results show general agreement in pattern compared to other's prediction, however possibility of inundation enlargement is expected in harbor area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

This research mainly focuses on examining the applicability of the deterministic model SLOSH (Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) on Seas covering South Korea. Also, a simple bathtub approach which estimates coastal inundation area is validated as a first step of estimating effects of sea-level rise on the coastal cities of South Korea according to climate change. Firstly, the typhoon-induced surges are obtained from the model SLOSH by adopting historical typhoons MAEMI (0314) and BOLAVEN (1215). The results are compared to observational, typhoon-induced surge heights at several tidal stations. The coastal inundation area is estimated by comparing the maximum envelop of waves (MEOW) and the elevation of coastal land. It reproduces well the inundation area. It can be seen that this research gained applicability for estimating further potential coastal inundation with climate changes.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Coastal dunes help stabilize the coastal landscape and protect the hinterland through dynamic interaction with sand beaches. Sometimes dune erosion occurs during the tropical cyclones, while dune recovery may naturally follow after the event. As the typhoon Kompasu passed through the Korean Peninsula early-September in 2010, it caused a rise in water in association with the storm, wave run-ups, and heavy rains in coastal areas. As the result, coastal dunes along the west coast of Korea were severely damaged during the storm. However, the degree and extent of erosion and recovery of dunes were found to be related with the condition of beach-dune systems including gradients of foreshore and front slope of the dune, sediment supply, vegetation, wind activity, and human interferences. Some dunes retreated landward more and more after the erosional event, while others recovered its original profile by aeolian transport processes mainly during the winter season. Vegetated dunes with pine trees were less recovered after the erosion than grass-covered dunes. In addition, dunes with artificial defense were more eroded and less recovered than those without hard constructions. According to the observation after the severe storm, it is likely that the sand transport process is critical to the dune recovery. Therefore, the interactions between beach and dune must be properly evaluated from a geomorphological perspective for the effective management of coastal dunes, including natural recovery after the erosion by storm events.