• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.675-684
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• 2023

In this study, the water supply reliability of the andong and Imha dam was analyzed using inflow data for 360 months from 1993 to 2022 through allocation model. First, in the analysis results of additional water supply to Deagu city, the water supply reliability of Rule (B) was the highest at 86% for andong dam, 84% for imha dam, and 80% for the control point. However, when the planned supply was supplied, the analysis results showed 94%, 93%, and 90%. Next, in the quantitative reliability analysis results, when considering additional water supply to Deagu city, Rule (A), Rule (B), and Rule (C) were analyzed as 88%, 88%, and 88%, respectively, based on the control point. When supplying the planned water supply, the quantitative reliability analysis results were 95% equally based on Rule (A), Rule (B), and Rule (C). Because of evaluating the two reliability methods, the number of shortages increases significantly when additional water is supplied to Daegu City, but the shortage is generally 5-7%, resulting in a relatively small shortage compared with the increase in the number of shortages. In the case of resilience and vulnerability, additional water supply to Daegu City takes more than two months to restore than the existing planned water supply, and the average shortage was calculated to be smaller than that of supplying the planned water. According to the results of the analysis, Andong dam has an average water storage of 130x106 m² and Imha dam has 50x106 m². In this deficient water supply can be compensated by water from the Nakdong river.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2023

Potatoes are the world's 4th major food crop after maize, rice, and wheat and also are a staple food for 1.3 billion people. Due to their wide adaptability to various environmental conditions, their yeild capacity, and high commercial value, potatoes have contributed to global food security. Many potato germplasms are commonly preserved as whole plants in fields or in storage to maintain their particular genetic combinations. However, field maintenance is expensive and has the risk of potential losses from diseases, pests, plant ageing and climate change. Over the past four decades, meaningful efforts have been made toward the safe long-term conservation of potatoes through cryopreservation methods such as droplet-vitrification. In this study, we tested 4 Korean potato varieties('Golden Egg', 'Golden Ball', 'Ja-Young' and 'Ha-Ryeong') with the modified potato droplet -vitrification protocol. Potato shoot tips are precultured in a sucrose-enriched medium(0.3 and 0.7M for 7 and 17hrs, respectively) and submitted to a loading step with C4 solution for osmoprotection. The treated explants were dehydrated with Plant Vitrification Solution(PVS)2 which is 80% A3 solution in ice for 30 minutes. Thawing and unloading steps were performed with 0.8M sucrose solution for 30 sec(40℃) followed by 30min(25℃, room temperature). In a potato post-culture medium(MS+0.1 mg·L^-1 GA₃+0.1 mg·L^-1 kinetin), we obtained a survival rates of post-thawed explants ranging 16.1-82.2%. The results suggest that modified and optimized protocols are required dependinig on every cultivar, genetic and ecological types. To achieve higher survival and regeneration rates, each step within the cryoprocedure must be carefully optimized.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1128-1149
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• 2023

In order to extend the shelf life of refrigerating raw lamb by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, preventing the oxidation of fat and protein, and absorbing the juice outflow of lamb during storage, an active packaging system based on plastic/gelatin bilayer film with essential oil was developed in this study. Three kinds of petroleum-derived plastic films, oriented polypropylene (OPP), polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene, were coated with gelatin to make bilayer films for lamb preservation. The results showed significant improvement in the mechanical properties, oxygen, moisture, and light barriers of the bilayer films compared to the gelatin film. The OPP/gelatin bilayer film was selected for further experiments because of its highest acceptance by panelists. If the amount of juice outflow was less than 350% of the mass of the gelatin layer, it was difficult for the gelatin film to separate from lamb. With the increase in essential oil concentration, the water absorption capacity decreased. The OPP/gelatin bilayer films with 20% mustard or 10% oregano essential oils inhibited the growth of bacteria in lamb and displayed better mechanical properties. Essential oil decreased the brightness and light transmittance of the bilayer films and made the film yellow. In conclusion, our results suggested that the active packaging system based on OPP/gelatin bilayer film was more suitable for raw lamb preservation than single-layer gelatin film or petroleum-derived plastic film, but need further study, including minimizing the amount of essential oil, enhancing the mechanical strength of the gelatin film after water absorption.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.640-654
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of sodium salicylate (SS) on semen preservation and metabolic regulation in goats. Methods: Under the condition of low temperature, SS was added to goat semen diluent to detect goat sperm motility, plasma membrane, acrosome, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and metabonomics. Results: The results show that at the 8th day of low-temperature storage, the sperm motility of the 20 μM SS group was 66.64%, and the integrity rates of the plasma membrane and acrosome were both above 60%, significantly higher than those of the other groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the sperm of the 20 μM SS group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly lower than those in the control group, the MMP was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the contents of Ca²⁺ and total cholesterol were significantly higher than those in the control group. Through metabonomics analysis, there were significant metabolic differences between the control group and the 20 μM SS group. Twenty of the most significant metabolic markers were screened, mainly involving five metabolic pathways, of which nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were the most significant. Conclusion: The results indicate that SS can effectively improve the low-temperature preservation quality of goat sperm.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2024

Capacity of the analytical/quantitative evaluation techniques to satisfy both qualitative and quantitative considerations for effective extraction of marigold oleoresins/xanthophylls and their potential as anti-mycotic and antioxidant activity was assessed. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE), Cold extraction (CE), and ultrasonically assisted extraction (USE) techniques were evaluated for extraction of oleoresin/xanthophyll content from Tagetes erecta (Var. Pusa Narangi Genda) with respect to solvent consumption, extraction time, reproducibility, and yield. Followed by the antifungal and antioxidant activity evaluation. The overall yield of Tagetes oleoresin was higher in ASE (64.5 g/kg) followed by SE (57.3 g/kg), USE (50.7 g/kg), SCFE (45.3 g/kg) and CE (31.6 g/kg). The lutein esters represented more than 80% of the constituents. Further, xanthophyll/ lutein content in oleoresin was found to be quite higher in HPLC (r2 = 0.996) analysis than in the AOAC recommended UV spectrophotometer analysis. The oleoresin exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi. Based on the various parameters, the reproducibility of ASE was better (0.3-8.0%) than that of SE (0.5-12.9%), SCFE (0.2-9.4%), USE (0.3-12.4%) and CE (0.8-15.3%). ASE with (RSD 1.6%) is preferred being faster, reproducible, uses less solvent, robust and automation allows sequential extraction of the sample in less time.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.60-66
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• 2024

Host's data during transmission. Data tempering results in loss of host's sensitive information, which includes number of VM, storage availability, and other information. In the distributed cloud environment, each server (computing server (CS)) configured with Local Resource Monitors (LRMs) which runs independently and performs Virtual Machine (VM) migrations to nearby servers. Approaches like predictive VM migration [21] [22] by each server considering nearby server's CPU usage, roatative decision making capacity [21] among the servers in distributed cloud environment has been proposed. This approaches usage underlying server's computing power for predicting own server's future resource utilization and nearby server's resource usage computation. It results in running VM and its running application to remain in waiting state for computing power. In order to reduce this, a decentralized decision making hybrid model for VM migration need to be proposed where servers in decentralized cloud receives, future resource usage by analytical computing system and takes decision for migrating VM to its neighbor servers. Host's in the decentralized cloud shares, their detail with peer servers after fixed interval, this results in chance to tempering messages that would be exchanged in between HC and CH. At the same time, it reduces chance of over utilization of peer servers, caused due to compromised host. This paper discusses, an roatative decisive (RD) approach for VM migration among peer computing servers (CS) in decentralized cloud environment, preserving confidentiality and integrity of the host's data. Experimental result shows that, the proposed predictive VM migration approach reduces extra VM migration caused due over utilization of identified servers and reduces number of active servers in greater extent, and ensures confidentiality and integrity of peer host's data.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2024

This study aimed to compare the fluoride-releasing ability and degree of microbial attachment of a newly developed glass-hybrid restorative material (GH) with those of a high-viscosity glass ionomer (HvGIC), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and composite resin (CR). In addition, the correlation between fluoride-releasing ability and microbial attachment between materials was evaluated. Specimens were prepared in a disc shape and divided into 4 groups according to the materials (GH, HvGIC, RMGI, and CR). The fluoride release experiments were performed in each group (n = 15). The amount of fluoride released was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 after storage. For the microbial attachment experiment, 12 specimens were produced per group using Mutans Streptococci (S.mutans ), a cariogenic microorganism. S. mutans was cultured on the specimens for 24 hours, and the number of bacteria was measured. GH had the highest cumulative fluoride release and showed a significant difference when compared with RMGI (p = 0.001) and CR (p < 0.0001). Microbial attachment was the lowest in GH; however, no significant difference was observed between the materials (p = 0.169). There was no significant correlation between fluoride release from materials and microbial attachment (p > 0.05). From this perspective, remineralization of low-mineralized areas could be expected due to the high fluoride release of GH, and the effect of delaying the progression of dental caries could be predicted from the low cariogenic microbial attachment. Therefore, GH might be a useful restorative material for treating immature permanent teeth with hypomineralized enamel. However, further studies are needed about the degree of remineralization of hypomineralized areas after restoration and the capacity to recharge fluoride.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2024

Recently, mobile apps that utilize AI technologies are increasing. In the personal mobile environment, performance degradation may occur during the training phase of large AI workload due to limitations in memory capacity. In this paper, we extract memory reference traces of AI workloads and analyze their characteristics. From this analysis, we observe that AI workloads can cause frequent storage access due to weak temporal locality and irregular popularity bias during memory write operations, which can degrade the performance of mobile devices. Based on this observation, we discuss ways to efficiently manage memory write operations of AI workloads using persistent memory-based swap devices. Through simulation experiments, we show that the system architecture proposed in this paper can improve the I/O time of mobile systems by more than 80%.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.684-698
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• 2024

We investigated Cissus quadrangularis L. powder (C) use as a natural additive to Tteokgalbi, a traditional Korean meat-based dish. Five distinct Tteokgalbi samples were treated: one without any additives (negative control, NC), one with 1.00% C (C1), 2.00% C (C2), 4.00% C (C3), and 0.10% ascorbic acid (positive control, PC). C addition resulted in changes in composition, quality, and sensory attributes. Moisture content decreased with higher C levels; crude protein varied among the groups, with C1 having the highest crude protein levels and C3 the lowest. Crude fat decreased with increasing C concentration, whereas the carbohydrate content increased. The water-holding capacity notably decreased in the C3 group, resulting in increased cooking loss with higher C concentrations. C treatment altered color and texture, reducing CIE L^* and increasing CIE a^* before cooking and increasing CIE L^* and CIE a^* after cooking. CIE b^* decreased before cooking but increased thereafter. C-treated Tteokgalbi was less cohesive, chewy, and brittle compared to the NC. The C treatment increased the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and enhanced radical scavenging capacities. It also affects storage characteristics, lowers pH, and increases 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. The microbial counts were lower in C2 and C3 after 11 days. These findings suggest the potential use of C as a natural meat additive.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2024

More than 100 liquefied hydrogen tanks are expected to be introduced in Korea by 2030. Since liquefied hydrogen is stored in a vacuum insulation structure tank at -253℃, there is a possibility of a major disaster in which the tank bursts if there is a problem with insulation. Therefore, the law stipulates that PRV should be installed as the last bastion. It is important to note that in the case of liquefied hydrogen, it becomes useless if the pressure drop of the pipe is ignored and the capacity is calculated incorrectly. In CGA S-1.3, the pressure drop rate of the PRV inlet and outlet pipes is set to less than 3% and less than 10%, respectively. However, there is an interdependence between the amount of pressure drop and the flow rate of the pipe, making it impossible to calculate these values at once. Therefore, we developed a simulator that calculates the pressure loss rate of PRV system using MATLAB/Simulink and evaluated the sensitivity of the pressure drop rate to design elements.