• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2012

A yard in a container terminal is a temporary storage space before containers are loaded onto the target vessel or delivered to consignees. For improving the utilization of the space in the yard and the efficiency of loading and discharging operations, it is important that operation plans must be carefully constructed in advance. A heuristic method is suggested to solve operation space planning problems considering workloads on handling equipment as well as space availabilities. The operation plans in this paper includes quay crane (QC) schedules and space plans for multiple vessels considering the workload in the container yard of container terminals. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a space planning method and the performance of a new QC scheduling method using a simulation model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.605-611
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• 2007

In order to become a mega hub port, major ports all over the world are making every effort to enhance their productivity through efficiency of internal operation. Accordingly, in order to enhance the competitiveness of a container terminal, an automated container terminal is considered as the best alternative. An automated container terminal is using such automated handling equipment as AGV(Automated Guided Vehicles) and ATC(Automated Transfer Crane). The efficient equipment operation plays a critical role in enhancing the productivity of an automated container terminal. In an automated container terminal, the most important equipments are AGV and ATC. Each block of containers with a vertical layout is generally operating two ATCs. The two ATCs can be crossed or not at each block. In the case of operating crossover ATC, it has an advantage of high flexibility that ATC work is possible at both TP(Transfer Point) of each block. But it has also a disadvantage that the yard has to be operated at a low storage level of containers in the terminal yard. Recently, for automated container terminals, which are being prepared for opening in Korea, they plan to use uncrossed twin ATC in order to make the storage level of their yards high at a low cost. Therefore, studies have to be made in order to increase the efficiency of twin ATC system based on the flexibility that the crossover ATC system has. This research aims to suggest an operation strategy to improve efficiency of twin ATC at each storage block in a yard.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.334-342
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• 2022

The stringent air environment conservation act forced to build an indoor dome for coal storage. However, it causes some problems due to accumulation of fly ash and harmful substances inside. To solve this problem, this study analyzed the pattern of internal airflow and the amount of ventilation for an indoor coal yard. Overall, the airflow inside the indoor coal yard tended to move to the southwest facing the mountain. In addition, sea-breeze was blowing from the northern louver window facing the sea, where airflow was flowing in. The total flow rate flowing into the indoor coal yard was 918,691 m³/h, and the number of natural ventilation per hour was 0.6 times. Therefore, it is proposed to install a forced ventilation device at the location where internal air flow is concentrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.189-190
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• 2022

Power plants that produce electricity through thermal power plants mainly store coal in outdoor storage yards. In particular, coal is directly exposed to rainwater during rainfall, including torrential rain. There is no separate drainage facility in the outdoor coal yard, and coal is simply stored on the ground. Accordingly, during rainfall, coal dust flows down by rainwater, and a large amount of rainwater that is not drained overflows the outdoor coal yard, overflowing the surrounding facilities and causing environmental pollution. Therefore, in this study, a drainage system was developed for the rapid drainage of an outdoor coal mine, and the quality of the water was evaluated when rainwater mixed with drainage characteristics and coal dust was discharged through the drainage system.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2014

This paper deal with the block storage planning problem of storing and retrieving assembly blocks in a temporary storage yard with limited capacity, which is one of the critical managerial problems in shipbuilding. The block storage planning problem is required to minimize the number of relocations of blocks while the constraints for storage and retrieval time windows are satisfied. We first show NP-hardness of the block storage planning problem. Next we propose a heuristic algorithm to generate good quality solutions for larger instances in very short computational time. The proposed heuristic algorithm was validated by comparing the results with the mathematical model presented in the previous study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.573-583
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• 2005

Fugitive dust, which is emitted in the ambient air without first passing through a stack or duct designed to control flow, is frequently generated by means of wind erosion from storage yards at Pohang Steel Wokrs. The size distribution of fugitive dust is mostly in the range of coarse particulate which is deposited as soon as emitted and less harm to human health; however $20\%$ of fugitive dust contains PM 10 known as one of most harmful airborne pollutant. Consequently, effective control and reduction of fugitive dust is strongly requested by the local society, but it is not easy so far because the generation and dispersion of fugitive dust highly depends on meteorological conditions, and it being occurred for irregularity. This research presented a fugitive dust control system for each meteorological condition by providing statistical prediction data obtained from a statistical analysis on the probability of generating the threshold velocity at which the fugitive dust begins to occur, and the frequency occurring by season and by time of the wind direction that can generate atmospheric pollution when the dispersed dust spreads to adjacent residential areas. The research also built a fugitive dust detection system which monitors the weather conditions surrounding storage yards and the changes in air quality on a real-time basis and issues a warning message by identifying a situation where the fugitive dust disperses outside the site boundary line so that appropriate measures can be taken on a timely basis. Furthermore, in respect to the spraying of water to prevent the generation of fugitive dust from the storage piles at the storage yard, an advanced statistical meteorological analysis on the weather conditions in Pohang area and a case study of fugitive dust dispersion toward outside of working field during $2002\∼2003$ were carried out in order to decide an optimal water-spraying time and the number of spraying that can prevent the origin of fugitive dust emission. The results of this research are expected to create extremely significant effects in improving surrounding environment through actual reduction of the fugitive dust produced from the storage yard of Pohang Steel Works by providing a high-tech warning system capable of constantly monitoring the leakage of fugitive dust and water-spray guidance that can maximize the water-spraying effects.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.753-770
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• 1996

In order to reduce the number of rehandles during the loading operation of export containers in port container terminals, the storage location of each arriving container should be determined considering of its weight. We formulate the problem by a dynamic programming model to get the optimal storage location. And a heuristic rule is suggested in order to overcome computational difficulties of the optimization model. The performance of the rule is evaluated by comparing it with the result of DP model.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of storage time on the sapstain development of Japanese red pine and Korean pine logs during storage in log yard, and their stain characteristics. Japanese red pine and Korean pine trees were harvested and cut into logs in mid January of 2001. These logs were transported to the two local sawmills where they were closely stacked in remote parts of log yard. The logs were then sampled destructively by cutting seven to nine 3-cm long discs along the length of each log at intervals of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 month after felling. The stain coverage and maximal radial penetration of stain were measured from the discs of the sampled logs after the isolation of causal staining fungi. The sapstain was primarily infested by the attack of bark beetles and the species of bark beetle was identified as Tomicus piniperda. The main fungal species isolated from stained wood was Ophiostoma species. Based on the present study, the logs could be stored in log yard until May without stain; but stain development was rapid after May and the severity of stain increased proportionally with storage time. Korean pine was more susceptible to fungal stain than Japanese red pine. During summer storage, decay started to develop in logs and the main species were identified as Tyromyces sp. and Schizophyllum commune. Information provided in this paper would be very useful to develop more effective control strategies for sapstain prevention in Japanese red pine and Korean pine logs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.407-412
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• 2004

A problem of handling capacity calculation of berth is very important factor for decision about a port development scale like as the number of berth, size of back storage yard. If handling capacity per berth calculated low, the number of berth is increasing and the size of yard decided for propriety level of handling capacity. The propose of this paper is re-calculate of handling capacity for Busan container port by firstly government plan and actual result of Busan port like as waiting rate, berth share and handling capacity, and then realistic number of crane and berth share to be applied.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2019

The wind blowing at high velocity in an open storage yard leads to wind erosion and loss of material. Fence structures can be constructed around the periphery of the storage yard to reduce the erosion. The fence will cause turbulence and recirculation behind it which can be utilized to reduce the wind erosion and loss of material. A properly designed fence system will produce lesser turbulence and longer shelter effect. This paper aims to show the applicability of Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the recirculation length. A SVM model was built, trained and tested using the experimental data gathered from the literature. The newly developed model is compared with numerical turbulence model, in particular, modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model along with the experimental results. From the results, it was observed that the SVM model has a better capability in predicting the recirculation length. The SVM model was able to predict the recirculation length at a lesser time as compared to modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. All the results are analyzed in terms of statistical measures, such as root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and scatter index. These examinations demonstrate that SVM has a strong potential as a feasible tool for predicting recirculation length.