• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.634-641
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• 1996

In order to study the prevalence of constipation among female college students in Korean and the effect of yogurt, 3,243 students in Seoul area were surveyed by questionnaires for the status of stool evacuation and 197 students with possible constipation were sampled and fed apple yogurt II from Pasteur dairy Company for 3-weeks period. Students of constipation amounted to a high ratio of 53.4%, which consisted of 13.4% in heavy constipation (1-2 times evacuation per week) and 40.0% in mild constipation(3-4times evacuation per week) during the past one-year period. To 90 of heavy constipation and 107 of mild constipation students were fed 290ml of yogurt every morning for 3-weeks period and examined for the status of stool evacuation by subsequent after 1 weeks, 57.9% after 2 weeks and 60.4% after 3 weeks(p<0.05). The effect of improvement in stool frequency was greater in heavy group than in mild group through the 3-weeks period. The number of students who experienced the disappearance of inconvenience in evacuation after drinking the yogurt was 52.3% after 1 weeks, 72.1% after 2 weeks and 76.1% after 3 weeks. Discomfort such as stomach disorder and mild diarrhea during the drinking period was observed in 24% students and it appeared that a longer drinking period was needed stool frequency was 38.7% after 1 week and 37.6% after 1 month since discontinuing yogurt drinking. The number of students reverted to the previous habit of evacuation after discontinuing was 51.6% after 1 week and 63.5% after 1 month, which were not significantly different between heavy and mild groups(p>0.05).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2020

Purpose: Some probiotic strains reduce the duration of acute diarrhea. Because of strain and product specificity, each product needs to be supported by clinical data. This study aimed to test the efficacy of the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, fructo-oligosaccharides) in children with acute gastroenteritis of likely infectious origin. The primary endpoint was the number of children with normal stool consistency during the treatment duration. Methods: A total of 46 children (aged 3.6 months to 12 years) with acute gastroenteritis that started less than 48 hours prior to their visit at a hospital-based emergency department were included in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All children were treated with oral rehydration solution and placebo (n=20) or the test product (n=26). Results: Significantly more children had a normal stool consistency on days 1 and 2 in the probiotic group: 5 children (20%) on day 1 in the probiotic group compared with none in the placebo group (p=0.046). On day 2, 11 children in the probiotic group (46%) and 3 (16%) in the placebo group (p=0.024) had a normal stool consistency. The mean duration of diarrhea was shorter in the probiotic group compared with that in the placebo group (3.04±1.36 vs. 4.20±1.34 days) (p=0.018). Conclusion: The test product was shown to normalize stool consistency significantly more rapidly than the placebo. These data confirm the findings from a previous study in a larger group of children performed in a primary healthcare setting.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

1. Objective : It is well-known that even if some people are born with same constitution, their symptoms can be different according to Exterior and Interior diagnosis. This study aimed to suggest different clinical symptoms according to Exterior and Interior group in individual Sasang constitution. 2. Methods : We collected 706 physiological and pathological data of subjects from August 2009 to July 2011 using case report form of Questionnaire. The Sasang constitutional diagnosis and Exterior and Interior diagnosis were conducted by Sasang constitutional experts. All data were analyzed with Chi-square test and significant p value was 0.05. 3. Results : There are different symptoms between Exterior and Interior group in Taeeumin as followed, the frequence of famine and burp, the part of sweat, brown or not in color of stool, painful or not in evacuating, the frequence of loose feces, the frequence of abdominal inflating, the costive feeling frequence after evacuating, foam in urine or not, urination times, amount of Coldness and Hotness in belly, the frequence of turning fale in face. Soeumin as followed, digestion well or not, amount of sweat in exercise, the brown or not in color of stool, the frequence of turning fale in face, athe frequence of clearness in urine and feeling hot. Soyangin as followed, amount of appetite, amount of sweat in hot weather, sweat in neck or not, the red color in urine or not, Coldness and Hotness in foot or not, amount of drinking. 3. Conclusions : We may suggest that physiological and pathological symptoms are different between exterior and interior group in individual Sasang constitution respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.745-747
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• 2015

Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite that causes watery diarrhea, is found worldwide and is common in areas with low water hygiene. In February 2014, 866 stool samples were collected from the inhabitants of 2 rural areas in White Nile State, Sudan. These stool samples were assessed by performing modified acid-fast staining, followed by examination under a light microscope. The overall positive rate of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 13.3%. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 8.6% stool samples obtained from inhabitants living in the area having water purification systems and in 14.6% stool samples obtained from inhabitants living in the area not having water purification systems. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection between men and women (14.7% and 14.1%, respectively). The positive rate of oocysts by age was the highest among inhabitants in their 60s (40.0%). These findings suggest that the use of water purification systems is important for preventing Cryptosporidium infection among inhabitants of these rural areas in Sudan.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2020

The global evolution of antibiotic resistance has threatened the efficacy of available treatment options with ravaging impacts observed in developing countries. As a result, investigations into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the role of plasmids are crucial. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of bla_TEM and gyrA genes, plasmid profiles, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from raw meat and stool sources across Niger State, Nigeria. Ninety-eight samples, comprising 72 raw meat and 26 stool samples, were screened for Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined using the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were further analyzed for plasmids, in addition to PCR amplification of beta-lactamase (bla_TEM) and gyrA genes. A total of 31 Salmonella spp. were isolated, with 22 from raw meat (70.97%) and 9 from stool (29.03%). Salmonella spp. with multiple resistance patterns to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin were detected. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective among the antibiotics tested, with 67.7% and 93.5% susceptible isolates, respectively. Nine (29.03%) isolates harbored plasmids with molecular sizes ranging between 6557 bp and 23137 bp. PCR amplification of gyrA was detected in 1 (3.23%) of the 31 isolates while 28 isolates (90.32%) were positive for bla_TEM. This study shows the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates and the possible role of plasmids; it also highlights the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in this local population.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.249-265
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• 2023

Purpose: Infant regurgitation is associated with other functional gastrointestinal disorders and signs and symptoms that have a major impact on the quality of life of infants and their families. This study evaluated the safety, tolerance, and real-world effectiveness of an anti-regurgitation formula containing locust bean gum (LBG), prebiotics, and postbiotics to alleviate digestive symptoms beyond regurgitation. Methods: This 3-month study involved infants with regurgitation requiring the prescription of an anti-regurgitation formula according to usual clinical practice. Outcomes included evaluation of the evolution of stool consistency and frequency; occurrence of colic, constipation, and diarrhea; and assessment of regurgitation severity. Infant crying, parental assessment of infant well-being, and parental satisfaction with the stool consistency were also evaluated. Results: In total, 190 infants (average age: 1.9±1.1 months) were included. After three months, stool frequency and consistency remained within the normal physiological range, with 82.7% of infants passing one or two stools per day and 90.4% passing loose or formed stools. There was no significant increase in the number of infants with diarrhea, whereas a decrease was observed in the number of infants with constipation after 1 month (p=0.001) and with colic after both 1 and 3 months (p<0.001). Regurgitation severity and crying decreased and parental satisfaction with stool consistency, formula acceptability, infant well-being, and sleep quality increased. Monitoring of adverse events did not reveal any safety concerns. Conclusion: Formulas containing LBG, prebiotics, and postbiotics were well tolerated and provided an effective strategy for managing infant regurgitation and gastrointestinal discomfort.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.103-126
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• 2023

In the l950s, under the legacy of traditional agriculture, Ascaris lumbricoides, spread epidemically in the war-bitten society of Korea. Consensus on the parasite control was drafted in the Parasite Disease Prevention Act, which passed a parliamentary agreement in 1966, and established safe disposal of feces and mass chemotherapy as control strategies. Biannual stool examinations and treating infected schoolchildren were basic scheme of the control activity through which revenue could be secured for organized business. In the 27 years following 1969, a maximum of 16 million stool examinations had been done every year. Cellophane thick smear enabled the task. The infection declined remarkably in the 1970s when industrialization and green revolution proceeded. A population study of A. lumbricoides in the late 1970s helped us better understand its epidemiology. The data also settled down the understandable protest of teachers against the repeated stool examinations. In the 9 years following 1987, the target population was gradually reduced when the egg positive rate was below 0.1%. An article in the Korean Law, stipulating obligatory stool examinations, was made optional. Although the long-term Korean effort of Ascaris control was a success, the effect of mass chemotherapy was not as succinct in terms of lowering reinfection. In the period of control, Korean agricultural technology changed, and the economy grew and supplied sanitary facilities by which the vicious cycle was disconnected. Reduction of morbidity was a benefit of mass chemotherapy, which is the only control method feasible in economically difficult countries. The most important hurdle of parasite control in the 1960s was poverty of general population and limited financial resources in Korea but the society formed a consensus on the priority of intestinal helminthiasis control during the ordeal period. The national consensus in the 1960s was the critical milestone for Ascaris control in Korea. Under the social agreement, application of timely technical and research advancements in parasitology achieved the success of ascariasis elimination. The successful experience of ascariasis elimination in Korea can be a benchmark for countries where neglected tropical diseases are endemically recycled.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2006

목 적 : 장바이러스는 모든 연령층에서 무균성 뇌막염의 가장 흔한 원인으로 확진은 뇌척수액에서 직접 바이러스를 검출하는 것이나 시일이 많이 걸리고 민감도가 낮아 뇌척수액, 대변 등 환자의 검체에서 바이러스 RNA를 탐지하는 PCR법이 대두되었다. 무균성 뇌막염 환자에서 뇌척수액과 대변의 채취 시기에 따라 검체별 PCR 양성률이 달라서 이에 관한 평가가 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 소아 환자에서 무균성 뇌막염을 진단함에 있어 증상 발현 후 뇌척수액과 대변 검체의 채취 시기에 따른 검체별 PCR의 유용성을 알고자하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 6월 11일부터 8월 30일까지 부산 일신기독병원에 입원하여 무균성 뇌막염으로 진단 받은 42례를 대상으로 임상 증상의 발현 시점에서 뇌척수액과 대변 채취 시기에 따른 검체별 PCR 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 뇌척수액의 경우 증상 발현 시점부터 검체 채취 시기까지의 기간이 2일 이내였던 18례 중 PCR 양성은 9례(50.0%)로 2일이 지나 채취된 검체 24례 중 PCR 양성 1례(4.2%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 반면 대변의 경우는 일주일까지 채취 시점에 관계없이 PCR 양성률이 평균 90.5%로 지속적으로 높았다. 뇌척수액 10례(23.8%)에서 장바이러스 PCR이 양성이었고, 바이러스가 밝혀진 9례(21.4%)에서 coxsackievirus B5 6례, coxsackievirus B3 3례였다. 대변의 경우 42례 중 38례(90.5%)에서 장바이러스 PCR이 양성으로 echovirus 18 7례, echovirus 9 3례, coxsackievirus B5 8례, coxsackievirus B3 3례였다. 뇌척수액과 대변에서 동시에 배양된 경우는 6례로 모두 coxsackievirus B5였다. 결 론 : 대변을 이용한 PCR은 장바이러스 뇌막염 동안 장바이러스를 검출하는 임상적으로 민감한 검사법으로 질병 경과 동안 진단을 예측하게 한다. 결정적인 진단은 뇌척수액 PCR에 의해 얻어지나 발병 2일 후 얻어진 검체에서는 그 유용성이 매우 낮아서 임상 증상이 2일 이상 경과하였을 때는 뇌척수액 PCR 이외에 대변을 이용한 PCR을 같이 검사하는 것이 도움이 된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

A total of 450 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Pediatric Department, Minia University Hospital, Minia District, Egypt. Two groups of patients were studied, including 200 immunosuppressed and 250 immunocompetent children. Stool samples were subjected to wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique (formol-ether sedimentation method) was carried out for stool samples diagnosed negative by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by 2 different methods; acid fast stain (modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) and Giemsa stain. Total 188 cases (94%) were diagnosed positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed children, whereas 150 cases (60%) were positive in immunocompetent children ($P$<0.0001). The most common protozoan infection in immunosuppressed group was $Cryptosporidium$ $parvum$ (60.2%), followed by $Blastocystis$ $hominis$ (12.1%), $Isospora$ $belli$ (9.7%), and $Cyclospora$ $caytenensis$ (7.8%). On the other hand, $Entamoeba$ $histolytica$ (24.6%) and $Giardia$ $lamblia$ (17.6%) were more common than other protozoans in immunocompetent children.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.303-305
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• 2009

The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.