• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.7-29
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• 2009

In understranding the essence of the Korea traditional Architecture, it is important to consider the jointing methods of architectural members, architectural technologies, etc. Especially the purpose of this study is understanding on the Jointing Method of Wooden Members in the period of Unified Silla Architecture. It's conclusion is summarized as follows. 1. A section of column has very close to do with the foundation stone. The structures of foundation stone and column are generally concluded by butt joint, arrow-head joint, housed joint by Grang-e method. Judu is structured by arrow-head joint And, in general, beam is structured by Sagaematchum Chumcha and sagaljudu of Don direction. At the head of Pyungju and the body of Goju, Changbang is structed by Jangbumachum with arrow-head joint or by jumukchang-machum. Also, it is surmised that Gyisoseum and Anssolim methods had been applied to columns from former ages. The example can be found at Bagjae Mireuksaji stone pagoda. Bagjae Mireuksaji stone pagoda taking wooden-pagoda form adopts Gyisoseum and Anssolim methods. We can also find such a sort of methods from other stone constructions like Budo, etc. 2. Injahwaban is structured by short Changbumachum with arrowed-head joint at upper members, and by Anjangmachum at the lower part. This sort of Gongpo style can be seen in the mural painting of tomb of Koguryo and in Buplyungsa, Buplyunsa, Bupkisa-located in Japan, which are influenced by Bakjae or Unified Silla. It is considered that at the end of the late United Silla, Injawhaban had been replaced with Chumcha and Soro on the Pyungbang under influence of Dapo style from China.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 유럽 등지의 해외에서는 일반적인 파일기초의 대안으로 연약지반에서 적용되고 있는 지오그리드로 보강된 쇄석기둥공법(GESC)의 유한요소해석 모델링에 관한 내용을 다루었다. 쇄석기둥 공법은 경제성 및 시공성 측면에서 효율적이며 이와 함께 액상화 방지에도 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 들어 더욱 발전된 형태인 지오그리드 감쌈 쇄석기둥공법(GESC)에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 GESC공법의 3차원 유한요소해석 모델링기법을 확립하고 이에 대한 거동특성에 관한 데이테베이스 수립에 두었다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 유한요소해석 모델링에 대한 상세내용과 GESC의 침하특성 효과를 평가하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

The study aims to investigate general characteristics of Jae-sil from an architectural perspective by grasping location, deployment, structure, and plan composition based on existing inhabited conditions in Jeollabukdo. Results derived from the study are as follows. First, the location of Jae-sil is classified into mountainous and village types, and the two types showed a similar distribution. The village type showed the most distribution in the foot of a mountain in the rear of village, while the mountainous type is close to graveyard. The Jae-sil were mostly exposed to south, southeast, and southeast, which was not significantly different from residence. For deployment of the Jae-sil, a "二" shaped house, where main quarter and gated building are parallel located, can be common, indicating that additional attached building is less required. Second, for the platform out of structural components, coursed masonry was conducted by using natural rocks, and placed were a prop on the platform, first line on processed foot stone, and others on natural foot stone. For pillar, front line round columns, while others square columns. The binding type of the upper part of pillar is dominated by jangyeosujang and sorosujang. For wooden frame structure, 5ryangs were the most distributed, and out of these, 1goju 5ryang was the most generally used. For a roof part, it was composed with gambrel roof with single eave, and the roof was constructed by placing traditional Korean tile roof on the top. Third, for a size of Jae-sil out of plan composition, although the facade and the side of it were presented in a diverse manner, 4 facade rooms and 1.5 side rooms were the most frequently presented, and all Jae-sil were equipped with front ceremonial space. For spatial composition of Jae-sil, main floored hall is placed at the center, and each room is placed on the left and right side to secure space for ancestral rite for participants of it, and for a house with 5 rooms or more, it shows that main floored hall and rooms are weighted from side to side.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Column is usually floating on the stone base directly with or without positioning tenon in traditional Chinese timber structure. Vertical load originated by the heavy upper structure would induce large friction force and compression force between interfaces of column foot and stone base. This study focused on the mechanical behaviors of column foot joint with consideration of the influence of vertical load. Mechanism of column rocking and stress state of column foot has been explored by theoretical analysis. A nonlinear finite element model of column foot joint has been built and verified using the full-scale test. The verified model is then used to investigate the mechanical behaviors of the joint subjected to cyclic loading with different static vertical loads. Column rocking mechanism and stress distributions of column foot were studied in detail, showing good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Mechanical behaviors of column foot joint and the effects of the vertical load on the seismic behavior of column foot were studied. Result showed that compression stress, restoring moment and stiffness increased with the increase of vertical load. An appropriate vertical load originated by the heavy upper structure would produce certain restoring moment and reset the rocking columns, ensuring the stability of the whole frame.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1455-1471
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• 2009

In order to investigate on the effect of stabilization methods for rice paddies contaminated by heavy metals, a series of lab-scale model test was carried out by applying the characteristics of submerged Paddy soil. To perform the lab-scale model test, columns were made by acrylic with the dimension of diameter=10cm, thickness=0.5cm and were filled with soils which was contaminated were mixed with stabilization agents(lime stone 5% and steel refining slag 5% respectively). To manipulate the reduction condition, soils in the columns were submerged with distilled water. And then soil water and subsurface water in each column were sampled in the regular term and analysed the various physical and chemical properties.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2012

본 연구는 자연수와 인공조류 배양수(BG-11 medium) 등 두 가지 부영양 실험수를 이용하여 네 가지의 여재(스펀지, 화산석, 활성탄, 수산화마그네슘)의 단독 및 혼합여재 적용에 따른 조류 및 인 제거효과를 조사하였다. 혼합여재는 컬럼 여과장치에 각각의 여재를 충진후, 스펀지, 화산석, 활성탄, 수산화마그네슘의 순서로 연결하여 단독으로 여과할 때와 서로 비교하였다. 또한 여재로 사용한 수산화마그네슘의 첨가량 및 입자크기를 조절하여 인 제거효과를 비교하였다. 수산화마그네슘은 두 가지 입경(2 mm 이상 및 이하) 모두에서 높은 인 제거효과를 보였으며, 반응시간 및 첨가량 증가에 따라 인 제거효과가 증가하였다. 단독여재의 적용 결과, 4가지 여재 중 활성탄은 조류 및 인 제거에 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 활성탄을 이용한 단독여재와 비교하여 혼합여재를 통해 가장 높은 인 제거효율을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 혼합여재의 경우에는 제거효율이 높았던 활성탄과 수산화마그네슘 등의 조합 적용이 상승작용을 나타낸 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2007

국보 제32호인 팔만대장경을 보관하고 있으며 UNESCO가 정한 세계문화유산이기도 한 장경판전의 목재 구조부재중 큰기둥에 대한 생물인자에 의한 열화 특성을 조사 연구하였다. 장경판전의 법보전과 수다라장의 목재부재를 대상으로 연구 검토한 결과, 목재 부재 및 부위 그리고 주변 환경에 따라 다양한 열화 현상이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 부재의 주요 열화는 미생물에 의한 부후현상으로 밝혀졌으나, 부후가 나타난 부분들은 하나의 부재에서 매우 국부적으로 발생하고 있었으며 이들을 잘 조치하면 대부분의 부재는 건전한 상태로 더 유지 할 수 있는 상황으로 고찰되었다. 수다라장 큰기둥의 부후지수가 더 심했다. 큰기둥의 소재로 사용된 수종의 내구성은 소나무, 전나무 및 상수리나무보다는 느티나무가 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 느티나무의 경우 일부 기둥에서 해충의 피해가 발견되었다. 기둥 위치에 따른 생물적 열화는 동북, 서북, 북향에 위치한 기둥이 다른 방향에 위치한 기둥에 비해 심한 경향을 보였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

The interactions between a granular pile and raft placed on top are investigated using the continuum approach. The compatibility of vertical and radial displacements along the pile - soil interface and of the vertical displacements along the raft - top of ground interfaces are satisfied. Results show that consideration of radial displacement compatibility does not influence the settlement response of or sharing of the applied load between the granular pile and the raft. The percentage load carried by the granular pile (GP) increases with the increase of its stiffness and decreases with the increase of the relative size of raft. The normal stresses at the raft - soil interface decrease with the increase of stiffness of GP and/or relative length of GP. The influences of GP stiffness and relative length of GP are found to be more for relatively large size of raft. The percentage of load transferred to the base of GP increases with the increase of relative size of raft.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to understand the unique characteristics of decoration style in traditional Javanese houses. Reviewing literature and visiting site were applied as the research method. Javanese House can be divided into three parts; roof, wall and floor. First, the roof of the traditional Javanese House is the most unique and important decorative element. The roofs are covered with roof-tiles and have clay carving ornaments on top. Usually there are no ceilings, just exposed to the oblique shape roof, which are made of wood to enable air ventilation. Joglo roof is the outstanding and representative roof type of Javanese houses. There is artistic and constructive roof structure named as tumpang sari in Joglo roof. The decoration on tumpang sari is the most colorful and symbolic ornaments. Secondly, the most unique element in the wall is the gebyok. Gebyok is made of wood and full of carved ornament, which has an artistic appearance, and also important function. The top part of doors are designed as perforated woodcarving, which give both aesthetic and ventilation purposes. Last, the stratified floor is begin with ground yard, then veranda that made from hardened clay, and main room constituted with a wood scaffold to provide air circulation and remove the humidity of the ground. The decorations of the column stand (umpak) are unique, where usually lotus flower is carved into black stone or lime stone. The outside of the buildings in Java Houses is not decorated by colors or symbols, whereas colors are only used in temples, pavilion or in royal housings. Instead they have carvings and decorations on important structural elements such as columns and beams inside. The ornaments and colors of decorations symbolize their god, ancestors and piece.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2009

This thesis aims to analyze the architectural form for the restoration of noogak(樓閣), Boje-roo(普濟樓) which was constructed at the central court of Beomeo-sa(梵魚寺). The results are as follow; 1. Boje-roo was established in 1700. By the constructional records and poetic essays of the times, the architectural of the establishment building was consisted fo two stories structure. The passage system for the approach to the court was the nuha-jinip(樓下進入), that is to say, one might walk between the columns of lower story of the building. And one could ascent the upper stairs and approach to the upper level, inner court. 2. By the remodelling in 1812, the building was varied to one story structure. Therefore the passage system for the approach to the inner court transformed from the nuha-jinip to the ugak-jinip(隅角進入), that is to say, one might ascent the atairs of the podium and could approach the inner court through the both sides of the building. 3. Under the Japanese imperialistic rule, the structure of it's roof and walls of Boje-roo were altered to the Japanese style. In 1965, the wooden columns were shifted to the concreted column, and the wooden wall-panels were shifted to the brick wall attached stone slates. 4. Conclusively speaking, for the restoration of Boje-roo, the establishment form in 1700 is the more proper than the remodelling form in 1812.