• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2002

This research is to analyze the spatial organization of a traditional rural community and its characteristics, the case of Hanbam village located in the north of Daegu city. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1. The difference between private space and public space in the residential area of Hanbam village is obvious, and these two spaces are organically related each other by means of road. These spaces have some spatial characteristics of organization, such as center, hierarchy and sequence. 2. The private space consists of a residence module and a farming area in the settlement, and it is clearly farmed by the firm fence of rocks and by surrounding roads. Fruit-bearing trees such as Pyrus pyrifolia, Cornus officinalis, Diospyros kaki, Juglans sinensis are planted at the boundary. And most of residences are composed of a building, a inner court and farming fields. 3. The public space for the community mainly functions as ‘a meeting place’for residents, and consists of recreational spaces, ceremonial spaces, community facilities, and social facilities. Among these, Jeong-ja(pavilion), Seong-an Soop(forest) and Dae-chong(building for common use) are of great cultural value as important traditional spaces. 4. Two kinds of road are commonly fecund in the village; spontaneously generated one and planned one. This is straight inner streets and access paths to the village, and that is curvilinear alleys which are connected to Dae-chong, the core of village. Also stone walls and climbing plants on them are major elements of village landscape.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate the mechanism that analysis of the layout-structure of the Traditional Village Oeam. It can identify through the division of area, the properties of layout residential type, the relationship between buildings and roads and location of buildings and a gate. Traditional Folk Village is our precious cultural heritage. However, now is time for our disappearing heritage due to the indiscriminate development. This study will good references for residential Complex in modern society. As a result of this study road in the center of village is divided into two areas. The road and stream plays an important role in the housing layout and composition of the village. Oeam village houses are separated by scale as large, middle, small scale housing. The courty yard is formed widely through a various of housing plan. So that ventilation and light is favorable even if the main house is high. Each house has the individuality with avoiding the village roads and using the byroads and stone wall. Therefore, each house can protect the privacy of houses.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.67-90
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• 1994

Soshaewon(瀟灑園) is the historical relic No. 34, and located in the upper part of Kwangju-dam in Damyang. It is a Byulseo-garden(別墅庭園), a retreated garden near residence, that is constructed by Yang San-Bo(梁山甫, 1503-1557) in 1530's. That is to say, Soshaewon is a space of life that is situated near the village called Changam-chon(蒼岩村), and a place to study, lecture and importune among literary men. Therefore, we can see that it is of great significance in the architectural, landscape architectural, and literary aspects. This paper is based on the 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon(瀟灑園圖, 1775)' and 'Forty- eight Poems(四十八詠)' composed by Kim In-Who(金麟厚) in 1548. The 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon' which describes a vestige of Soshaewon makes it easy to understand the composition of space, by offering the important clues to the prototype of Soshaewon. Moreover, 'Forty-eight Poems' are very valuable references from which we can consider an ideal and internal meaning of Soshaewon. In this paper, the central objective is to observe the consitituents of architectural space of Soshaewon; architectural, stone-built, water-spacial, landscape architectural, external- garden and behavioral elements. The research on Soshaewon is to be processed gradually in the future, but this paper is limited only to the areas presented in the 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon' and "Forty-eight Poems."

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of Jeju recreational pension. This research is carried out by on site inspection and the survey on management of the recreation facilities. A target of research is sixteen facilities of recreation pension in Jeju-do. Recreational pension was created by Jeju Free International City of special law in 2000. Jeju Recreational pension has characteristics as follows : The land area of that is $1300m^{2}{\sim}6300m^{2}$, the number of guest rooms are 10, and the area of guest rooms are $29m^{2}{\sim}100m^{2}$. Especially most of them are in Namjeju-gun. Also, they mostly have R.C. structure, and materials of exterior are artificiality stone. The color of an outer walls are mostly white and light-beige and that of the roofs are mainly dark-brown. On plot plan, it has 4type of prototype; type of outbuilding, arranging in a row, corridor, hall and composition of three types with public area. The outside facilities are equipped by handy golf courses and outdoor barbecue cooking sites. Unfortunately, most of pensions don't reflect the characteristics of architecture factors in Jeju.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

The courtyard life style ever existed as the major traditional living form in wide north China areas. The research made case study and specific analysis on the space organization, constitution and order of the courtyard living, as well as the dwelling accessory manners and transfer space patterns both inside and outside of the courtyard. Pingyao ancient city as the research sample (object), its courtyard composition, classification and characteristic are studied profoundly to explore local traditional cultural traits. On upon the analysis, the research is concluded that the civil courtyard in the ancient Pingyao city bears the feature of in a continuous changing process, which represented as 'from confined to opening', 'from narrow to wide', 'from public to private'. Despite of the courtyard dwelling location and direction, all accessories architectural items on the main room roof were influenced by the geomantic omen culture. As of the inside wall body, entrance and side wall of the courtyard, the woodcraft, stone carving, brick carving on above not only could functioned in architecture artistic, but also express the traditional education spiritual feature.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Raymond, who adopted Le Corbusier's Errazuris House Project, built Karuizawa Villa by incorporating Japan's aspiration for Western modern architecture and strong convictions regarding the preservation of traditional culture heritage, which were prevalent in Japan at the time. Despite the controversy over his plagiarism, Karuizawa Villa shows several unique architectural characteristics. First, in terms of the arrangement and access system, the villa has a common space that affords a view of the lake by accessing from the mountain side. Second, in terms of spatial composition, the common space is connected to the mesonnette by placing a trail to enable enjoyment of natural scenery. In particular, personal space is planned in the shape of a cross by connecting several surfaces to the outside in order to secure enjoyment of the natural environment. Lastly, in the aspect of structure and materials, both architectural buildings adopted masonry by using natural stone as well as building materials suitable for each region and climate by using logs in constructing the main columns and beams. Through Karuizawa Villa, Raymond is considered to have established his own style by combining the standard of Western modern architecture and the elements of Japanese traditional architecture while valuing local architectural technology.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2021

The latest innovation in the field of fashion comes in the form of 3D-printed clothing. This study explores the composition and characteristics of the shapes in the architecture of Zaha Hadid, a representative architectural designer who expresses space in three dimensions. Hadid applies his aesthetic to fashion design using these distinctive geometric shapes to create design motifs as well as develop new clothing material with 3D printing technology. The research was conducted as follows. First, the lines and arrangement of the geometric shapes in Zaha Hadid's architecture were analyzed so that his design principles could be used as a theoretical basis for this study. The study also reviewed geometric fashion designs using 3D printing technology over the last ten years. Second, we developed triangular modules with rods and tongs that could be fashioned into clothing using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers. Lastly, the 3D printing fashion design was developed to explore new silhouettes, textures, and a novel way of producing clothing. This study hopes to serve as a stepping-stone for further research on innovations that combine fashion with technology.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

With the rapid development of highways and railways, series of traffic safety issues emerged because of mudstone disintegration. To research on the mechanism and further guarantee the stability and safety of transportation infrastructure built on or near mudstone formations, the mudstone disintegration test of mudstone was carried out based on mudstone and sandy mudstone. The element types, cementation characteristics and pore characteristics of the tested specimens were studied by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Image Pro Plus (IPP). The disintegration index of mudstone was approximately 1%, and even some specimens were difficult to be calculated, while the disintegration index of sandy mudstone is approximately 8.7%. According to the results, the two mudstones belong to grade II and III disintegration respectively, of which the sandy stone presents more extensive disintegration than mudstone. This phenomenon was distinguished that, the clay minerals of mudstone are approximately 25% more abundant than those of sandy mudstone, and the unit pore area is 20 ㎛² larger, which result in different microstructure and water absorption capacities. In the liquid phase, the ions in the mudstone specimens were exchanged and combined with water molecules in the environment during the whole disintegration process. This results in continuous spalling and fragmentation of clay minerals, the emergence of secondary fractures, and the deepening of primary fractures.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2007

목 적 : 요로 결석은 소아에서 흔하지 않은 질환이나 요로 결석의 반복과 진행은 신 기능 저하를 초래하여 결국 만성 신부전으로 진행 될 수 있는 질환이다. 또한 성인과 달리 대부분 정확한 원인이 알려져 있지 않으나 요로 감염, 비뇨 생식기계의 해부학적 이상, 대사성 장애 등이 요로 결석 형성의 원인이 될 수 있다. 방 법 : 1998년 9월부터 2007년 7월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과에서 요로결석으로 진단받은 73명(남:여=42:31, 평균 연령 $6.6{\pm}5.3$세)을 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 소아 요로 결석의 주 증상은 육안적 혈뇨가 18명(25%)으로 가장 많았으며, 측복부 동통 또는 복통이 13명(18%), 두 증상이 동반된 환자 10명(14%) 순이었다. 결석의 위치는 상부 요로(신 및 요관) 결석이 48명(66%), 하부 요로(방광 및 요도) 결석의 경우는 18명 (24%)이었고, 상부 및 하부 요로 모두에 결석이 있는 경우는 2명(3%)이었다. 요 정체로 요로 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 구조적인 요인이 동반된 경우는 모두 30명(41%)이었으며, 요로 결석 형성과 관련된 대사 이상은 23명(32%)에서 발견되었다. 특별한 유발 인자가 없는 경우는 17명(23%)이었다. 결석 성분 분석상 감염석이 24명(67%)으로 가정 많았으며, 칼슘석 8명(22%), 요석 3명(8%), 시스틴석 1명(3%) 순이었다. 수술적 요로 결석 제거술은 34명(46%)에서 시행되었으며 자연 배출된 환자는 13명(18%)이었다. 총 6명(8%)에서 요로 결석이 재발하였는데, 척수 수막류로 방광 확장 성형술을 시행 받은 후 신경성 방광을 보이는 환자 4명, 시스틴뇨증 환자 1명, 특별한 유발 인자가 없는 환자 1명으로 구성되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 소아 요로 결석은 요 정체로 요로 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 구조적인 요인이 동반된 경우와 과칼슘뇨증을 포함하는 대사 이상을 보이는 경우가 주된 원인이었다. 따라서 소아 요로 결석 환자에서는 구조적 이상 및 대사 이상에 대한 평가가 반드시 필요하다. 또한 요로 결석의 치료에서는 증상, 결석의 위치, 성분 및 원인을 고려하여 최소한의 침습적인 치료 방법을 선택하여야겠다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2016

창옥병의 지명 오류에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 고지도, 옛시문, 옛그림 등의 문헌자료조사와 암각 및 조망특성에 대한 현장조사 그리고 인터뷰를 통해 창옥병의 위치를 비정하고, 이곳의 향유주체인 사암 박순과 그가 경영한 배견와 및 별업 이양정의 공간 구조와 정원적 면모를 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 창옥병은 옥병서원과 일체감을 갖는 공간역으로 옛그림과 고지도 그리고 암각문의 존재로 볼 때 옥병서원 바로 앞의 석벽임을 추정할 수 있다. 이 지역과 현재 창옥병으로 알려진 오가리석벽과는 직선거리로 불과 약 460m거리에 위치하고 있어 광의의 창옥병 경관영향권으로 볼 수 있다. 시문에 등장하는 "창옥병급산금(蒼玉屛及散襟)"이란 표현에서도 산금대라 암각된 병풍바위가 바로 협의의 창옥병임이 유추된다. 또한 오가리석벽에서는 단 1점의 암각도 확인되지 않는 반면 옥병서원 전면부 암벽 도처에는 사암 박순이 명명하고 주문하여 새긴 11개소의 암각 중 8개의 경물명과 제영시가 필첩(筆帖)처럼 밀집되어 있음은 옥병서원 앞의 강벽(江壁)이 의심할 여지없는 창옥병인 것으로 비정된다. '수월정신송균절조(水月精神松筠節調)'암각은 창옥병의 향유주체였던 사암의 고매한 인격과 덕행을 함축하는 창옥병의 상징언어이자 이곳의 장소 요체(要諦)로, 기존 알려진 것과는 달리 우암 송시열의 필적으로 바로잡아야 한다. 한편 사암의 정원유적 창옥병은 왼쪽으로부터 산금대-수경대-청학대-백학대의 4개 대로 구성되어 있다. 산금대 후면에는 본제인 배견와를, 백학대 좌측의 기암석벽 위에는 별업 이양정을 조성하여 멀리 오가리석벽의 장관(壯觀)을 관망하는 조망구도를 갖도록 계획되었다. 사대(四臺)) 좌측 가장 높은 곳에 입지한 이양정은 사암의 별업이자 독서처이자 장구지소(杖屨之所)이며 그 앞 너럭바위에 존재하는 와준(窪樽)은 사암의 술풍류를 반영한 정원시설로 비정된다.