• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.699-700
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• 2022

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.701-702
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• 2022

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2016

Till now, two distinct epithelial lesions, dysplasia and adenoma, are currently recognized as premalignant stages of gallbladder (GB) carcinogenesis. In these two carcinogenesis pathways, GB stones and polyps are regarded as one of the most important risk factors of GB carcinoma respectively. Although there still remain controversies for the indication of prophylactic cholecystectomy for GB stones and polyps due to lack of high-level evidence, the present review demonstrated that patients who have GB stones with more than 3 cm size, chronic typhoid carriers, porcelain GB, or anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union and patients with more than 1 cm sized GB polyp would be recommended prophylactic cholecystectomy.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

The evaluation of GB stones with ultrasound has proved to be useful procedure in patient with symptoms of cholelithiasis. GB is evaluated for size, wall thickness, presence of internal reflections within the lumen and posterior acoustic shadowing or enhancement in Ultrsonography. The patient position should be shifted during procedure to demonstrate further the presence of stone within the GB. Patient scanned at the Rt. subcostal region in supine, right lateral, Lt. down decubitus, and upright sitting position. So GB stone should shift to dependent area of GB. Often, GB is not markedly distended in the presence of cholethiasis, and so the diagnosis becomes more difficult. One of the more difficult areas for detection of a GB stones are embeded in the cystic duct region. And since the GB is adjacent to the duodenum and hepatic flexure, its may be difficult to visualizing a GB stone. When patient study position changes frome supine to other position, stones displaced the site. But if its are polyps, not changes the site whatever patient positions. It is very important to what make different GB stones or polyps. We have studied about mobility of GB stones according to the patients position(supine, Lt. down decubitus, $30^{\circ} LAO. sitting and hand-knee). So we have a result, stones wherever localized within the GB, changed 100% its position in the hand-knee position and the others appeared at least 90%. In this study, when a large stones are located through fundus-body and body-neck, does not changing the stones position in spite of varied patient's positions. But hand-knee positions can identified GB stones, because its make changed the position of stons from posterior wall to anterior wall within the GB. We recommend the hand-knee position for differentiation GB stones from polyps.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.32-45
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out prevalence of chronic diseases according to Sasang constitutional. 2. Methods The medical records of 1,453 subjects who have taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2003 to June 2003 at a health examination center of a university hospital in Seoul were reviewed. Sociodemographic factors and the prevalences of chronic diseases according to Sasang Constitution are compared and analyzed. 3. Results (1) Among the 1,453 subjects, 683(47.0%) were Taeumin, 421(29.0%) were Soyangin, and 349(24.0%) were Soeumin. (2) The prevalences of gastric polyp, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, abnormal liver function and fatty liver of T aeurnin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value<0.05). And the prevalences of hepatic cyst and gall stone disease of Taeumin were higher than those of the other constitutions(p-value<0.l). (3) The prevalences of liver cirrhosis of Soyangin was significantly higher than that of the other constirutions(p-value <0. 05). (4) The prevalences of pulmonary tuberculosis on X-ray and anemia of Soeurnin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value<0.05). And the prevalences of gastric xanthelasma and hypothyroidism of Soeumin were higher than those of the other constitutions(p-value<0.1). 4. Conclusions There were significant differences on the prevalences of some chronic diseases according to Sasang wnstirution.