• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of treatment on stage III stomach cancer data obtained from the SEER program of the National Cancer Institute and to identify the significant risk factors for the survival rates of stage III stomach cancer. Since the proportional hazards assumption was violated for treatment, we used the restricted mean survival time as an alternative to the proportional hazards model. The restricted mean survival time was estimated using pseudo-observations, and the effects of treatment were compared using a test statistic based on the estimated restricted mean survival times. We conducted the regression analysis using a generalized linear model to investigate the significant predictors for the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer. We found that there was a significant difference between the restricted mean survival times of treatment groups. Age at diagnosis, race, substage, grade, tumor size, surgery, and treatment were significant predictors for the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer. Surgery was the most significant predictor for increasing the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.301-312
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• 2001

Purpose: Stomach cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Korea, but there is no report on FDG PET in patients with stomach cancer. We observed findings of FDG PET in patients with stomach cancer. Materials and Methods: In 13 patients with pre-operative stomach cancer, PET and CT were performed. Primary lesion and regional lymph nodes detection were aualyzed. Correlation between FDG uptake ratio and each prognostic factor of primary lesion was analyzed. In 19 patients diagnosed as recurrence or displaying suspicious symptoms, conventional work up including tumor marker and PET were performed. Recurrence detection of anastomotic site, distant metastasis, and tumor marker elevation were analyzed. Results: Sensitivity for primary lesion detection was 83.3% (CT 71.4%) and two submucosal lesions were undetected. FDG uptake ratio was variable and had no correlation with invasion-depth, size, Borrmann type, staging and differentiation. Sensitivity for regional lymph node detection was 58.3% (CT 58.3%) and the lesions less than 1cm were undetected. Sensitivity for recurrence detection was 100% but there were three false positives. Sensitivity for distant metastasis detection was 64.3% and significantly higher than that of conventional work-up (21.4%). Average of tumor marker level in patients who were confirmed as recurrence was higher than false positive. Conclusion: PET is more useful than conventional work up in distant metastasis detection when recurrence is suspected. In pre-operative stomach cancer, PET is comparable to CT for detection of primary lesion and regional lymph node metastasis and detection of distant metastasis requires further study.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2010

Purpose: It aims to evaluate the location change and tendency of hepatic and intrahepatic tumors according to gastric volume and change of location. Materials and Methods: It studied 9 patients with hepatic tumors who visited Gangnam Severance Hospital from March 2009 to April 2010 and who underwent CT or PET (Positron Emission Tomography) within 2 weeks before CT-simulation. The patients fasted for 6 hours before CT-simulation and drank 240~250 cc of water just before CT or PET for image fusion. Those two types of images were fused to RTP (Radiation Treatment Planning, Pinnacle 8.0h) focusing on bone structure of individual patients. Results: They drank 240~260 cc of water but their stomach volume after drinking water varied from 259.3 cc to 495.4 cc. Even though individual differences existed in the change of stomach volume before and after drinking water, the volume was increased by 130 cc (174%) on average. The change in absolute distance between the centers of tumors ranged from 0.52 cm to 3.04 cm (1.52 cm on average); from 0.1 cm to 1.35 cm (0.44 cm on average) in cranial-caudal direction; from 0.05 cm to 2.75 cm (1.22 cm on average) in left-right direction; and from 0.05 cm to 1.85 cm (0.33 cm on average) in ventral-dorsal direction. Conclusion: It is hard to predict the movement of tumors by observing stomach movement, due to great individual differences; however, it was observed that the location of hepatic tumors was right-sided as the stomach was filled with water. Thus, it is recommended to maintain the fastened state to secure the accuracy of hepatic tumor treatment. If it cannot maintain the fastened state, it is recommended to measure stomach volumes and movement in the patient to consider the movement of hepatic tumors before radiation treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2001

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, histologically characterized by the presence of bland-locking spindle cells and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, is extremely rare in the gastric wall. We report a case of gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor In a 27-month-old boy. The fine needle aspiration biopsy from the mass showed loose clusters or scattered spindle cells and inflammatory cells, predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The spindle cells resembled fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. Differential diagnosis from benign and malignant diseases involving abdominal cavity was discussed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-125
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• 1997

A 5-years-old female pointer dog was submittedto the hospital with the disease history of gradual distension of abdomen and emaciation for two months. An applesized hard mass was palpated on the right costal arch on physical examination. On blood chemical analysis, the marked elevation of SALT and decrease in serum albumin were detected. On paracentesis, a large volume of blood tinged fluid was detected. The peritoneal fluid contained tumor cells and the numerous blood cells. At autopsy the tumor mass located in the left medial lobe of liver was whitish and firm, and was consisted of many cysts. Histologically the tumor was identified as typical cholangiocellular carcinoma. Metastatic lesions of the tumor were detected in the lung, stomach, spleen, diaphragm, and lymph glands. This observation indicates that the cytological examination of the abdominal fluid have a diagnostic significance in the clinical examination of patients with abdominal tumors.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Purpose: Clinical stage of gastric cancer is currently assessed by computed tomography. Accurate clinical staging is important for the tailoring of therapy. This study evaluated the accuracy of clinical N staging using stomach protocol computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and November 2012, 171 patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative stomach protocol computed tomography (Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju, Korea). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated cN staging using axial and coronal computed tomography images, and cN stage was matched with pathologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for clinical N staging and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results: The overall accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for cN staging was 63.2%. Computed tomography images of slice thickness 3.0 mm had a sensitivity of 60.0%; a specificity of 89.6%; an accuracy of 78.4%; and a positive predictive value of 78.0% in detecting lymph node metastases. Underestimation of cN stage was associated with larger tumor size (P<0.001), undifferentiated type (P=0.003), diffuse type (P=0.020), more advanced pathologic stage (P<0.001), and larger numbers of harvested and metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001 each). Tumor differentiation was an independent factor affecting underestimation by computed tomography (P=0.045). Conclusions: Computed tomography with a size criterion of 8 mm is highly specific but relatively insensitive in detecting nodal metastases. Physicians should keep in mind that computed tomography may not be an appropriate tool to detect nodal metastases for choosing appropriate treatment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1993

The possible tumor-promoting activities of sodium chloride (NaCl) and dimethyl itaconate (DMI), one of the quinone reductase inducers, were examined on stomach of male Wistar rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Administrations of NaCl and DMI after the initiation by MNNG resulted in various sized masses in the rat forestomach. Histopathologic studies showed that the combination of NaCl and DMI made an enhancing effect on the MNNG-induced carcinogenesis, resulting in papilloma in 5 weeks and squamous cell carcinoma in 20 weeks in submucosal area of forestomach. We also used an in vivo shortterm method for evaluating possible tumor-promoting activity with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) as a marker. The markable inductions of the ODC activities by MNNG, NaCl, and DMI were found in the pyloric mucosa of rat stomach in time-dependent manners. A single administration of MNNG induced ODC activity up to 288 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 24 hr after the administration. NaCl caused induction of ODC with a maximum of 179 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 8 hr after the administration. ODC was induced up to 539 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 16 hr after the administration of DMI. Additional treatment of NaCl and NaCl plus DMl caused 2 fold and 7 fold increases, respectively, in the ODC activity of the MNNG-alone group at 24 hr after the administration. These results suggest that NaCl and DMI have promoting activities in the rat gastric carcinogenesis initiated by MNNG.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1965-1967
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• 2013

Background: To obtain the maximum additional information about the prognosis of gastric cancer, we compared CA-50 with other previously defined markers. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ July 2012 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA50, assayed with ELISA reader for all cases. The cut off values for serum AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-50 were 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 37 U/ml, and 20 U/ml, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 40 examined patients, 13 patients had tumors located in the upper third of the stomach, 6 patients had tumors in the middle third, 16 patients had tumors in the lower third, and 5 patients had tumors occupying two-thirds of the stomach or more. The distribution of lymph node staging of the patients was as follows: 7 patients belonged to N0, 9 patients to N1 stage, 10 patients to N2 stage, and 14 patients to N3 stage. The statistical method of Cox proportional hazards using multivariate analysis also illustrated that tumor markers including CEA (2.802), CA19-9 (2.690), CA50 (2.101), were independent prognostic factors, as tumor size (1.603), and lymph node stage (1.614). Conclusions: The tumour markers now available, like CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 50, chiefly perceive advanced gastric cancer. The preoperative rise in those tumour marker level have a prognostic significance and may be clinically helpful in choosing patients for adjuvant management.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

Purpose: As the proportion of early gastric cancer (EGC) has recently been increased, minimally invasive treatment is currently accepted as main therapy for EGC. Accurate preoperative staging is very important in determining treatment options. To know the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), we compared the depth of invasion of the tumor with preoperative EUS and postoperative pathologic findings. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients who underwent EUS before laparoscopic gastrectomy. The preoperative EUS results were compared with the pathological findings. Results: The overall proportion of coincidence for depth of invasion between EUS and pathologic results was 41.4%. Univariate analysis showed that the rate of corrected prediction of EUS for tumor depth significantly decreased for the lesions more than 3cm in diameter (P=0.033), and those with a depressed morphology (P=0.035). In multivariate analysis, the depressed type (P=0.029, OR=2.873) and upper lesion (P=0.035, OR=2.151) was the significantly independent factors influencing the inaccurate prediction of EUS for tumor depth. Conclusions: When we decide the treatment modality considering the clinical depth of invasion by EUS, the possibility of discordance with pathologic results should be considered for the lesions located in the upper third of the stomach and with a depressed morphology.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2011

Gastric glomus tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor that originates from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Glomus tumors are commonly observed in peripheral soft tissue, such as dennis or subungal region, but rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. A 39-year-old woman was admitted due to epigastric soreness. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a subepithelial mass measuring 3.5 cm with central ulceration at the lesser curvature-posterior wall of the antrum. Characteristically, contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated high enhancement of the submucosal mass up to the same level of the abdominal aorta in the arterial phase; this enhancement persisted to delayed phase. Due to the risk of bleeding and malignancy, wedge resection of the submucosal tumor was performed. Histologic findings were compatible with a glomus tumor.