• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2014

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lung, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands, whereas metastatic prostate cancer involving the gastrointestinal tract has been rarely reported. A 64-year-old African-American man with a history of prostate cancer presented with anemia. He reported the passing of dark colored stools but denied hematemesis or hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed circumferential nodularity, and histology demonstrated metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed hypertrophic folds in the gastric fundus, and microscopic examination revealed tumor cells positive for prostate-specific antigen. Bone scanning and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis did not show metastasis. It is crucial to distinguish primary gastrointestinal cancer from metastatic lesions, especially in patients with a history of cancer at another site, for appropriate management.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2014

Purpose: Palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy are important options for peritoneal seeding of gastric cancer. The treatment stage IV gastric cancer patient who respond to induction chemotherapy, is converted to gastrectomy (conversion therapy or conversion surgery). This study explored the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding who had undergone conversion therapy. Materials and Methods: Between 2003 and 2012, gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding, as determined by preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with peritoneal seeding were analyzed. Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled. Eighteen patients had undergone conversion surgery and 25 patients continued conventional chemotherapy. Among the 18 conversion patients, 10 received clinically curative resection. The median follow-up period was 28.5 months (range 8 to 60 months) and the total 3-year survival rate was 16.3%. The median survival time of the patients who received clinically curative conversion therapy was 37 months, and the 3-year survival rate was 50%. The median follow-up for non-curative gastrectomy patients was 18 months. No patient treated using chemotherapy survived to 3 years; the median survival time was 8 months. The differences in survival time between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: In terms of survival benefits for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding, clinically curative conversion therapy resulted in better clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2013

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In advanced and metastatic gastric cancer, the conventional chemotherapy with limited efficacy shows an overall survival period of about 10 months. Patient specific and effective treatments known as personalized cancer therapy is of significant importance. Advances in high-throughput technologies such as microarray and next generation sequencing for genes, protein expression profiles and oncogenic signaling pathways have reinforced the discovery of treatment targets and personalized treatments. However, there are numerous challenges from cancer target discoveries to practical clinical benefits. Although there is a flood of biomarkers and target agents, only a minority of patients are tested and treated accordingly. Numerous molecular target agents have been under investigation for gastric cancer. Currently, targets for gastric cancer include the epidermal growth factor receptor family, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor axis, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Deeper insights of molecular characteristics for gastric cancer has enabled the molecular classification of gastric cancer, the diagnosis of gastric cancer, the prediction of prognosis, the recognition of gastric cancer driver genes, and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Not only have we deeper insights for the molecular diversity of gastric cancer, but we have also prospected both affirmative potentials and hurdles to molecular diagnostics. New paradigm of transdisciplinary team science, which is composed of innovative explorations and clinical investigations of oncologists, geneticists, pathologists, biologists, and bio-informaticians, is mandatory to recognize personalized target therapy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

Borrmann type 4 gastric cancers are notorious for the difficulty of finding cancer cells in the biopsy samples obtained from gastrofiberscopy. It is important to obtain the biopsy results for making surgical decisions. In cases with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, even though the radiological findings (such as an upper gastrointestinal series, abdominal computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography) or the macroscopic findings of a gastrofiberscopy examination imply a high suspicion of cancer, there can be difficulty in getting the definite pathologic results despite multiple biopsies. In these cases, we have performed endoscopic mucosal resection under gastrofiberscopy as an alternative to simple biopsies. Here we report on a case in which no cancer cells were found even in the endoscopic mucosal resection specimen, but the radiologic evidence and clinical findings were highly suspicious for gastric cancer. The patient finally underwent total gastrectomy with lymph node resection, and she was pathologically diagnosed as having stage IV gastric cancer postoperatively.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2018

Purpose: Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is a technically and oncologically challenging procedure for surgeons. This study aimed to compare the oncologic feasibility and technical safety of TLG for AGC versus early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 535 patients (EGC, 375; AGC, 160) underwent curative TLG for gastric cancer. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of both patient groups were analyzed and compared. Results: Patients with AGC required a longer operation time and experienced more intraoperative blood loss than those with EGC did. However, patients from both the AGC and EGC groups demonstrated similar short-term surgical outcomes such as postoperative morbidity (14.4% vs. 13.3%, P=0.626), mortality (0% vs. 0.5%, P=0.879), time-to-first oral intake (2.7 days for both groups, P=0.830), and postoperative hospital stay (10.2 days vs. 10.1 days, P=0.886). D2 lymph node dissection could be achieved in the AGC group (95%), with an adequate number of lymph nodes being dissected ($36.0{\pm}14.9$). In the AGC group, the 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 80.5% and 73.7%, respectively. Conclusions: TLG is as safe and effective for AGC as it is for EGC.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2020

Gastric xanthoma is frequently an incidental finding on upper endoscopy in adults. Gastric xanthomas (GX) can be mistaken for malignancies and warrant prompt histologic diagnosis. The underlying etiology is not fully understood; however, it has been linked to Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. GX in the pediatric population is largely unreported in the literature. Because of the relative rarity, documentation with case reports are essential to provide as much data as possible to see if there is a correlation between GX and malignant potential in the pediatric population. Our group is reporting two cases, a 10-year-old male and a 7-year-old male, both who presented with chronic dysphagia, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Upper endoscopies for both patients revealed small polypoid lesions located in the antrum with foamy histiocytes on histology, leading to the diagnosis of gastric xanthoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권5호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the lung is a very rare tumor. Originally described in the nasopharynx as lymphoepithelioma, this carcinoma has also been found in the stomach, esophagus, thymus, cervix, urinary bladder, skin, and salivary glands. Histologically, it is an undifferentiated carcinoma that has a syncytial appearance with tumor cells and is infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. LELC of the lung occurs more commonly in Asians, particularly Chinese. Many studies have reported the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and LELC of the lung in Asian patients. A 45-year-old man had a solitary pulmonary nodule on a routine chest X-ray examination. As a malignant tumor was suspected, surgical resection was performed to establish the correct diagnosis. The pathology of the excised tumor demonstrated LELC of the lung. This is the first report of LELC of the lung in Korea.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2016

Pregnancy-associated gastric cancer is extremely rare. In many cases, it is diagnosed at an advanced stage because the symptoms during pregnancy are generally overlooked. We report three cases of gastric cancer during pregnancy with various outcomes. The first case included a patient with stage IV gastric cancer who received palliative chemotherapy. This patient had a preterm birth and died 7 months after diagnosis. The second case received neoadjuvant chemotherapy during pregnancy and a total gastrectomy was performed after delivery. She then received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This patient developed pulmonary metastasis and died of recurrence 41 months after surgery. In the third case, a distal subtotal gastrectomy was performed at week 14 of pregnancy, with no complications. The patient received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. She is currently without recurrence 14 months after surgery. In patients with pregnancy-associated gastric cancer, treatment decisions are predominantly influenced by clinical stage and gestational age at diagnosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases. While continued efforts have been focused on GC treatment, the introduction of trastuzumab marked the beginning of a new era of target-specific treatments. Considering the diversity of mutations in GC, satisfactory results obtained from various target-specific therapies were expected, yet most of them were unsuccessful in controlled clinical trials. There are several possible reasons underlying the failures, including the absence of patient selection depending on validated predictive biomarkers, the inappropriate combination of drugs, and tumor heterogeneity. In contrast to targeted agents, immuno-oncologic agents are designed to regulate and boost immunity, are not target-specific, and may overcome tumor heterogeneity. With the successful establishment of predictive biomarkers, including Epstein-Barr virus pattern, microsatellite instability status, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, as well as ideal combination regimens, a new frontier in the immuno-oncology of GC treatment is on the horizon. Since the field of immuno-oncology has witnessed innovative, practice-changing successes in other cancer types, several trials on GC are ongoing. Among immuno-oncologic therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the mainstay of clinical trials performed on GC. In this article, we review target-specific agents currently used in clinics or are undergoing clinical trials, and highlight the future clinical application of immuno-oncologic agents in inoperable GC.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the relationships between conditioned variables and the quality of life in the gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy after surgery. Method : 56 gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy included Cisplatin and 5-Fu were recruited from one university hospital located in Seoul. Questionnaires for this study were Quality of life Index developed by Padilla et al. at 1983, Rhode's nausea and vomiting scale and tool for side effects after chemotherapy at home developed by authors. Result : Quality of life in this study was correlated significantly with age, stage of cancer, nausea and vomiting, and level of side effects of chemotherapy. Quality of life of woman was lower than that of man. Conclusion : It is suggested that nurses be reinforce nurse's discharge education for the patients about increasing oral intake and preventing side effect after discharge from hospital and pay more attention to the change of the quality of life and relevant variables among the gastric cancer patients.