• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1086-1097
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• 1999

본 연구는 청바지 제품 소비자가 쇼핑시 제품이 품절된 상황에 접했을 때 보여주는 상표 전환행동에 관한 것이다. 의류 매장 관리자의 적시 적량의 제품 입고 관리 능력이 부족할 때 발생하게 될 손실을 유추해 보고 어떤 유형의 소비자가 상표 전환을 쉽게 일으키느니를 규명하는 것은 더욱 효과적인 매장 운영 소비자 만족과 고객 관리를 위해 의미있는 일일 것이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 목적을 가진다. 1) 제품 품절시 소비자들은 어떤 상표전환 행동을 보이는지 밝힌다. 2) 제품 품절시 대체 상표제품을 구매할 경우 대체 상표 제품의 가격의 영향력이 상표전환 행동과 어떤 관련을 보이는지 밝힌다. 3) 소비자의 쇼핑지향성, 상표충성, 애고 행동, 인구통제적 특성(성별)이 상표전환 행동에 미치는 영향력을 밝힌다. 이러한 목적을 위해 본 연구는 1997년 3월 버지니아주 블랙스버그에 소재한 버지니아 주립대학교 110명의 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 이용한 양적연구를 실시하였다 남녀학생 모두가 소비자로서의 역할을 담당할 수 있는 청바지를 선택하여 상표전환 행동에 대한 설문에 답하게 한후 t-test 와 카이 분석을 실시하였다 그결과 20%의 응답자가 품절기 상표전환 행동을 보이는 것을 나타났다 쇼핑시간과 편의성을 덜 중요하게 여기거나 강한 상표 충성을 보이고 의류전문매장이나 백화점을 주로 이용하는 여성 소비자들의 경우 상표전환을 쉽게하지 않는 것으로 나타났다 연구결과를 바탕으로 의류제조업자 및 소매업자의 제품입고에 과한 제언을 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.34
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• pp.15-23
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• 1995

We study how to determine backorder cost at the warehouse in a one-warehouse/N-retailer distribution system such that channel efficiency (minimizing total system costs) is improved. We define backorder costs as compensation that the warehouse pays to the retailer for the number or orders delayed due to stockout at the warehouse. We answer two questions : (1) "Should the warehouse compensate for his backorder\ulcorner" and (2) "Is there any equilibrium for both the warehouse and retailer while they are seeking for their own profits\ulcorner" We show that : (1) "The warehouse should pay backorder costs for the sake of channel efficiency." and (2) "There exists an equilibrium that is infiuenced by the amount of compensation." First, we prove the existence of a mutually acceptable equilibrium for both the warehouse and the retailer, which is different from Nash equilibrium because they independently maximize their respective profits with incomplete information about each other. Second, we prove that the equilibrium moves to a point such that channel efficiency is improved if the warehouse compensates the retailers for his backorders. We show the existence of an optimal compensation that minimizes total system costs. Third, we show that the amount of optimal compensation increases as the ratio of mean lead time for the warehouse to that for the retailer increases.ouse to that for the retailer increases.