• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

Predicting carbon distribution of soil aggregates is difficult due to complexity in organo-mineral formation. This limits global warming mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. Therefore, knowledge of land use effect on carbon stabilization requires quantification of soil mineral cations. The study was conducted to quantify carbon and base cations on soil mineral fractions in Natural Forest, Plantation Forest and Farm Land. Five 0.09 ha were demarcated alternately along 500 m long transect with an interval of 50 m in Natural Forest (NF), Plantation Forest (PF) and Farm Land (FL). Soil samples were collected with soil cores at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths in each plot. Soil core samples were oven-dried at 105℃ and soil bulk densities were computed. Sample (100 g) of each soil core was separated into >2.0, 2.0-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm aggregates using dry sieve procedure and proportion determined. Carbon concentration of soil aggregates was determined using Loss-on-ignition method. Mineral fractions of soil depths were obtained using dispersion, sequential extraction and sedimentation methods of composite soil samples and sieved into <0.05 and >0.05 mm fractions. Cation exchange capacity of two mineral fractions was measured using spectrophotometry method. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and ANOVA at α_0.05. Silt and sand particle size decreased while clay increased with increase in soil depth in NF and PF. Subsoil depth contained highest carbon stock in the PF. Carbon concentration increased with decrease in aggregate size in soil depths of NF and FL. Micro- (1-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm) and macro-aggregates (>2.0 and 2-1.0 mm) were saturated with soil carbon in NF and FL, respectively. Cation exchange capacity of <0.05 mm was higher than >0.05 mm in soil depths of PF and FL. Fine silt (<0.05 mm) determine the cation exchange capacity in soil depths. Land use and mineral size influence the carbon and cation exchange capacity of Gambari Forest Reserve.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2021

국내 전자상거래는 거래액을 기준으로 최근 5년간 연평균 20% 이상의 성장률을 지속적으로 기록하고 있다. 전자상거래의 급증으로 인해 소비자를 직접 만나기 어려운 유통기업들은 고객과의 유일한 접점이 되는 라스트마일 서비스 경쟁이 치열한데, 특히 최근 가장 경쟁이 뜨거운 배송영역은 서비스 차별화를 위해 풀필먼트 센터의 역할이 매우 중요하다. 소비자가 주문한 제품을 서비스 수준에 맞춰 신속하게 준비 할 수 있는 역량을 반드시 갖추고 있어야 한다. 본 연구는 전자상거래 시장에서 기업이 경쟁력을 갖추기 위한 방안으로써 풀필먼트 센터에서의 신속한 주문처리를 위해 오더피킹 시스템을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 오더피킹 설비에서의 재고 보충 최적화를 위한 수리 모형 알고리즘을 구현하고, 실제 운영 프로세스와 데이터를 활용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 과학적이고 객관적인 방법으로 효과를 검증하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.573-585
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• 2021

The banking sector is one of the most important sectors in Pakistan's struggling economy. Recent studies have recommended that suitable methods can be applied to predict bankruptcy. In this context, this work analyzes Pakistan's banking sector's financial status through the five-factor Altman Z-score model, which determines the probability of bankruptcy for an organization. Banking data has been collected through the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in the period 2013-2017. The Z-score assessment criteria is defined as: Z> 2.99 - "safe" zone; Z> 1.8 Z>2.98- "grey" zone; and Z <1.8 - "distress" zone. Results show good predictions for the local banking industry, while most foreign Pakistani banks were found bankrupt with the Z-score below 1.1. One of the financial risks investors face when investing in any company is the risk of bankruptcy. One of the most used models for predicting financial distress for any company is Altman's Z-score model. On the other hand, the Z-score analysis suggests that all banking establishments are not bankrupt because they have sufficient ability to control bankruptcy. At the same time, foreign banks failed financially and would not be able to be sustained in the future because they do not have the ability to pay the short-term and long-term debt.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2022

Background: Appropriate physician workforce projection through reasonable discussions and decisions with a broad view on supply and demand of the workforce, thus, is very important for high-quality healthcare services. The study expects to provide preliminary research data on the workforce diagnosis standard model for Korean physician workforce policy decision through more flexible and objective physician workforce projection in reflection of diverse changes in healthcare policy and sociodemographic environments. Methods: A low flow rate through the causal map was developed, and an objective workforce demand projection from 2019 to 2040 was conducted. In addition, projections by scenarios under various situations were conducted with the low flow rate developed in the study. Lastly, the demand projection of the physician workforce by region of 17 cities and provinces was conducted. Results: First, demand of physicians in 2019 was 110,665, 113,450 in 2020, 129,496 in 2025, 146,837 in 2030, 163,719 in 2035, and 179,288 in 2040. Second, the scenario for the retirement of baby boomers led to a decrease in the growth rate due to time delay. Third, Seoul and Gyeonggi-do account for a high percentage of demand, a very high upward trend was identified in Gyeonggi-do, and as a result, the projection showed that the demand of the physician workforce in Gyeonggi-do would worsen over time. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that rational and collective physician workforce supply and demand and its imbalance in workforce distribution were verified through various projections by scenarios and regions of Korea with System Dynamics.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2021

We are invented the movement composition technique that is to check the food adjacent-package status of the wireless-management movement monitoring level (WMMML) on the movement monitoring communication system. The movement monitoring level condition by the movement monitoring communication system is formatted with the adjacent-package system. As to inspection a wireless RFID of the wireless RFID, we are found of the movement value with wireless RFID by the adjacent upper take form. The concept of movement monitoring level is formatted the reference of wireless-management level for composition signal by the movement package communication system. Further symbolizing a food composition of the WMMML of the medium-minimum in terms of the adjacent-package communication system, and the movement wireless RFID package that was the movement value of the far composition of the Mo-MMCS-FA-_φMED-MIN with 5.80±1.20 units, that was the movement value of the convenient composition of the Mo-MMCS-CO-_φMED-MIN with 4.06±(-0.04) units, that was the movement value of the flank composition of the Mo-MMCS-MO-_φMED-MIN with 0.91±0.07 units, that was the movement value of the vicinage composition of the Mo-MMCS-VI-_φMED-MIN with 0.18±(-0.03) units. The adjacent package will be to look into at the food ability of the adjacent-package communication system with wireless RFID by the movement monitoring level on the WMMML that is supply the wireless communication by the movement monitoring level system. We will be possible to make effort of a communication system by the management signal and to put to use of the delivery data of RFID level by the delivery system.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the factors that the Millennials and Gen Z prefers to invest in assets. We look at the asset structure they want now and in the future and the idea of designing the future. This can be expected that the center of Korea's asset market will change to the structure they want in the future. Research design, data and methodology: The spatial extent of the study is all over Korea including Seoul, the metropolitan area, and local cities. The survey was conducted for about 16 days from May 7 to May 22, 2023. The survey was conducted by the surveyor visiting the subject in person, distributing the questionnaire, explaining it, and filling it out in person. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. Results: It was confirmed that the preferred assets of the Millennials and Gen Z were different by period. There was also a difference in the influencing factors between Millennial Generation and Generation Z in asset preference. Conclusions: The Millennials and Gen Z's preferred assets were different by period. The reason is interpreted as the current process of collecting assets during the asset formation period. In the future, they intend to purchase real estate assets by using financial assets as a lump sum of money. We learned the characteristics of the entire Millennials and Gen Z, in addition, the difference between income and assets is believed to have affected the difference in preference factors of Millennial Generation and Generation Z, respectively.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2019

한류열풍이후 급성장한 우리나라 엔터테인먼트 기업들의 경영을 이끌어온 임원들의 특징은 무엇이며, 이를 통해 어떤 경영 함의점을 추론할 수 있을까? 이런 과제를 해결하기 위해 우리나라 엔터테인먼트 업종의 27개 상장사 임원 293명을 전수 조사해 통계 분석하였다. 연구 결과 아티스트 주변의 제한된 인력에서 벗어나 경영인, IT 전문가, 회계사, 변호사, 아티스트 순으로 직업 경로별 인적 다양성이 높아졌다. 대표이사에게 스톡옵션을 부여한 회사도 전체의 33%였다. 이는 지속가능 경영의 맥락인 전문화, 투명 경영, 디지털과 네트워크 경영, 창의 경영, 동기촉진 경영을 하기 위해 기업이 노력해왔다는 점을 암시하는 데이터로 긍정적 측면이다. 그러나 전형적인 지식창조 기업인 엔터테인먼트 기업에서 창의성, 감수성, 진취성, 역동성과 같은 장점을 발휘하기 쉬운 20~30대 젊은 층과 여성의 임원 비율이 낮고 대표이사(CEO)의 평균 재임기간이 4.02년으로 비교적 길지 않은 것은 향후 개선 과제로 지적되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.547-571
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• 2023

To deeply probe the actual earthquake level and fragility of typical reinforced concrete (RC) structures under multiple intensity grades, considering diachronic measurement building stock samples and actual observations of representative catastrophic earth shocks in China from 1990 to 2010, RC structures were divided into traditional RC structures (TRCs) and bottom reinforced concrete frame seismic wall masonry (BFM) structures, and the empirical damage characteristics and mechanisms were analysed. A great deal of statistics and induction were developed on the historical experience investigation data of 59 typical catastrophic earthquakes in 9 provinces of China. The database and fragility matrix prediction model were established with TRCs of 4,122.5284×104 m² and 5,844 buildings and BFMs of 5,872 buildings as empirical seismic damage samples. By employing the methods of structural damage probability and statistics, nonlinear prediction of seismic vulnerability, and numerical and applied functional analysis, the comparison matrix of actual fragility probability prediction of TRC and BFM in multiple intensity regions under the latest version of China's macrointensity standard was established. A novel nonlinear regression prediction model of seismic vulnerability was proposed, and prediction models considering the seismic damage ratio and transcendental probability parameters were constructed. The time-varying vulnerability comparative model of the sample database was developed according to the different periods of multiple earthquakes. The new calculation method of the average fragility prediction index (AFPI) matrix parameter model has been proposed to predict the seismic fragility of an areal RC structure.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2016

중국은 1979년부터 본격적으로 시장경제체제를 도입함으로써 급격한 경제성장을 이루었는데, 본고는 저임금과 중국정부의 적극적인 외자유치정책을 활용하기 위해 밀려들어온 외국인투자에 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미쳤는지를 검토하기 위해 1979년부터 2013년까지의 패널데이터를 이용해서 각 성·시의 고유한 특성까지 활용하는 실증분석을 시도한다. 실증분석을 위해 본고는 확률효과모형, 고정효과모형, Pooled OLS, 그리고 확률계수모형을 사용하는데, Pooled OLS와 확률계수모형의 결과는 본 연구의 분석결과와 비교를 위해서 제시된다. Hausman' test 결과 Random Effect Model보다는 Fixed Effect Model이 더 효율적인 분석결과를 제시하는 것으로 나타나 이를 근거로 중국정부에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제시한다. 분석결과는 FDI유입에 각 성·시의 지역소득수준, 자본량, 통신비는 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 고속도로는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) began to operate in earnest in the early 1980s. Since then, the total catch has shown an increasing trend and the target species are skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacare) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Based on the operational data of Korean tuna purse seine fishery from 2016 to 2020, the catch rates of target species (skipjack and yellowfin tunas) were analyzed by operation time for set types (free school and FAD sets). In the case of the free school sets, they were usually made from sunrise to sunset, and the catch rate was high before and after sunrise for skipjack tuna and before sunset for yellowfin tuna. On the other hand, for the FAD sets, more than 90% of them were made just before sunrise, and there were few operations during the daytime. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are differences in the catch rate of skipjack and yellowfin tunas by operation time and by school type for Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the WCPO, which could be helpful in understanding its fishing characteristics and providing useful information for developing the stock indices of the target species.