• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2011

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1629-1630
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2023

Mass transport through nanoporous structures such as nanopores or nanochannels has fundamental electrochemical implications and many potential applications as well. These structures can be particularly useful for water treatment, energy conversion, biosensing, and controlled delivery of substances. Earlier research focused on creating nanopores with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers that can selectively transport cationic or anionic charged species. However, recent studies have shown that nanopores with diameters of a few nanometers or even less can achieve more complex and versatile transport control. For example, nanopores that mimic biological channels can be functionalized with specific receptors to detect viruses, small molecules, and even ions, or can be made hydrophobic and responsive to external stimuli, such as light and electric field, to act as efficient valves. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanopore-based systems that can control mass transport based on the size of the nanopores (e.g., length, diameter, and shape) and the physical/chemical properties of their inner surfaces. It also provides some examples of practical applications of these systems.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.210-220
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• 1996

Background : Neutrophils or monocytes separated in vitro by the adherence to plastic surface are known to be activated by surface adherence itself and subsequent experimental data might be altered by surface adherence. In the process of surface adherence, adhesion molecules have a clear role in intracellular signal pathway of cellular activation. Human alveolar macrophages(HAM) are frequently purified by the adherence procedure after bronchoalveolar lavage. But the experimental data of many reports about alveolar macrophages have ignored the possibility of adhesion-induced cellular activation. Method : Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in the person whose lung of either side was confirmed to be normal by chest CT. With the measurement of hydrogen peroxide release from adherent HAM to plastic surface and non-adherent HAM with or without additional stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate(PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), we observed the effect of the adherence to plastic surface. We also evaluated the effect of various biological surfaces on adhesion-induced activation of HAM. Then, to define the intracellular pathway of signal transduction, pretreatment with cycloheximide, pertussis toxin and anti-CD11/CD18 monoclonal antibody was done and we measured hydrogen peroxide in the culture supernatant of HAM. Results : 1) The adherence itself to plastic surface directly stimulated hydrogen peroxide release from human alveolar macrophages and chemical stimuli such as phorbol myristate acetate(PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP) colud not increase hydrogen peroxide release in these adherent macrophages which is already activated. 2) PMA activated human alveolar macrophages irrespective of the state of adhesion. However, fMLP stimulated the release of hydrogen peroxide from the adherent macrophages, but not from the non-adherent macrophages. 3) HAM adherent to A549 cell(type II alveolar epithelium-like human cell line) monolayer released more hydrogen peroxide in response to both PMA and fMLP. This adherence-dependent effect of fMLP was blocked by pretreatment of macrophages with cycloheximide, pertussis toxin and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, Conclusion : These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of PMA and fMLP can not be found in adherent macrophage because of the activation of human alveolar macrophage by the adherence to plastic surface and the cells adhered to biologic surface such as alveolar epithelial cells are appropriately responsive to these stimuli. It is also likely that the effect of fMLP on the adherent macrophage requires new protein synthesis via G protein pathway and is dependent on the adhesion between alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells by virtue of CD11/CD18 adhesion molecules.