• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.360-374
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• 2016

The present paper studies the ultimate torsional strength of stiffened box girders with large deck opening due to the influence of cracks. Three types of hull girders with different spans are provided for comparison. Potential parameters which may have effects on the torsional strength including the mesh refinement, initial deflection, material strain hardening, geometric properties of crack and stiffener are discussed. Two new concepts that play an significant role in the ultimate strength research of damaged box girders are introduced, one of which is the effective residual section (ERS), the other is the initial damage of the failure zone (IDFZ) for intact structures. New simple formulas for predicting the residual ultimate torsional strength of cracked stiffened box girders are derived on the basis of the two new concepts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.395-414
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• 2013

The present study fundamentally investigated the mechanical performance of the rib-stiffened super-wide bridge deck with twin box girders in concrete, which is a very popular application to efficiently widen the bridges with normal span. The shear lag effects of the specific cross-sections were firstly studied. The spatial stress distribution and local stiffness of the bridge deck with twin box girders were then investigated under several typical wheel load conditions. Meanwhile, a comparative study for the bridge deck with and without stiffening ribs was also carried out during the investigation; thereby, a design optimization for the stiffening ribs was further suggested. Finally, aiming at the preliminary design, an approximate methodology to manually calculate the bending moments of the rib-stiffened bridge deck was analytically proposed for engineers to quickly assess its performance. This rib-stiffened bridge deck with twin box girders can be widely applied for concrete (especially concrete cable-stayed) bridges with normal span, however, requiring a super-wide bridge width due to the traffic flow.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.705-719
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• 2017

Progressive Collapse Method (PCM) has been broadly applied to predict moment-carrying capacity of a hull girder, however accuracy of PCM has not been much studied. Accuracy of PCM is known to be dependent on how Load-Shortening and -Elongation (LSE) curve of a structural units are well predicted. This paper presents a new procedure to determine LSE datum based on box girder Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) instead of using finite element model of stiffened panels. To verify reliability of FEA results, the simple box girder collapse test results are compared with FEA results of same box girders. It reveals one frame-based box girder model is sufficiently accurate in terms of ultimate strengths of the box girders. After extracting LSE data from the box girders, PCM-based moment-carrying capacities are compared with those from FEAs of the box girders. PCM results are found to be equivalent to FEAs in terms of moment-carrying capacity if accurate LSE data are secured. The new procedure is applied to well-known 1/3 scaled frigate full section. Very excellent moment-carrying capacity of frigate hull section is obtained from PCM with LSE data from box girder FEAs.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.681-699
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• 2016

Steel box girders have two webs and two flanges on top that are usually connected with shear connectors to the concrete deck and are also known as tub girders. The end diaphragms of such bridges comprise of a stiffened steel plate welded to the inside of the girder at each end. The diaphragms play a major role in transferring vertical and lateral loads to the bearings and substructure. A review of literature shows that the cyclic behavior of diaphragms under earthquake loading has not been studied previously. This paper uses a nonlinear finite element model to study the behavior of the end diaphragms under gravity and seismic loads. Different bearing device and stiffener configurations have been considered. Affected areas of the diaphragm are distinguished.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.347-362
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• 2024

Controlling vibrations and noise in steel box girders is important for reducing noise pollution and avoiding discomfort to residents of dwellings along bridges. The fundamental approach to solving this problem involves first identifying the main path of transmission of the vibration energy and then cutting it off by using targeted measures. However, this requires an investigation of the characteristics of flow of vibration energy in the steel box girder, whereas most studies in the area have focused on analyzing its single-point frequency response and overall vibrations. To solve this problem, this study examines the transmission of vibrations through the segments of a steel box girder when it is subjected to harmonic loads through structural intensity analysis based on standard finite element software and a post-processing code created by the authors. We identified several frequencies that dominated the vibrations of the steel box girder as well as the factors that influenced their emergence. We also assessed the contributions of a variety of vibrational waves to power flow, and the results showed that bending waves were dominant in the top plate and in-plane waves in the vertical plate of the girder. Finally, we analyzed the effects of commonly used stiffened structures and steel-concrete composite structures on the flow of vibration energy in the girder, and verified their positive impacts on energy regionalization. In addition to providing an efficient tool for the relevant analyses, the work here informs research on optimizing steel box girders to reduce vibrations and noise in them.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.325-332
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• 2001

Due to the rapidly developing computer technique, bridges can be modeled by using grillage method for analyzing the girder, or FEM for more accrute and detailed analysis. If the cells of multicellular decks are stiffened with diaphrams or cross-bracing at frequent intervals, to prevent them changing shape by distortion, the deck can be analysed like a beam if it is narrow, or like slab if it is wide. However it is often convenient and acceptable to use cellular structures and box-girders which do distort under shear and torsional loading, and it is then necessary to take account of the distortion in the method of calculation. But plane grillage method cannot cosider effect of distortion and FEM is non-economical because it is not easy to modeling and needs lots of time. So, this study suggests the Shear-flexible Grillage which reproduces the distortion behaviour of the cells.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.561-584
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• 2006

The paper presents results of parametric studies, and an overall approach for the design of a modular bridge system which incorporates a steel-reinforcement free concrete slab cast on top of carbon FRP stiffened deck panels which act as both structural formwork and flexural reinforcement, spanning between hollow box type FRP girders. Results of the parametric studies are highlighted to elucidate important relationships between critical configurational parameters and empirical equations based on numerical studies are presented. Results are discussed at the level of the individual deck and girder components, and as a slab-on-girder bridge system. An overall design methodology for the components and bridge system including critical performance checks is also presented.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2006

본 연구는 3차원 쉘요소를 이용한 유한요소해석을 통해 다이아프램으로 보강된 곡선 강박스거더교의 거동을 분석하였다. 매개변수연구를 통해 기존의 제안식과 비교함으로써 모델링의 타당성을 검증하였고, 뒤틀림 응력에 크게 영향을 미치는 인자는 중심내각, 지간길이, 다이아프램간격임을 확인하였다. 또한, 다이아프램의 간격, 개구율, 형상을 변수로 하여 해석한 결과에서는 지간이 30m, 곡률 반경이 40m인 해석모델에 대한 적정 다이아프램간격은 5m인 것으로 나타났다. 다이아프램의 형상 효과에 대해서는 라멘식 다이아프램의 경우가 개구율 0.4~0.6의 범위에서 개구부가 없는 충복판식 다이아프램보다 휨과 뒤틀림의 응력비가 낮아 거동에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 충복판식 다이아프램과 X형 트러스 방식의 다이아프램 비교에서는 동일한 강성을 가지더라도 충복판식 다이아프램이 뒤틀림응력을 보다 효과적으로 제어하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2003

기존 강상자형 연속교의 단점을 보완하고 보다 경제적인 단면의 설계를 위한 지점 상승 하강 강상자형교는 내측 지점의 부모멘트 구간에 전단 연결재를 설치하고 콘크리트를 충진시켜 단면의 강성을 높이고 지점의 상승 및 하강 과정을 통하여 바닥판 콘크리트에 선압축력을 도입한다. 본 공법을 사용하면 한국도로공사 도로설계실무편람(1996)이 제시한 강상자형교의 설계 및 표준 단면의 형고에 비해 약 12%를 낮출 수 있으므로 형하 공간 확보에 유리하고, 같은 형고를 가지는 경우 상 하 플랜지 두께를 줄여 전체 강재량을 14%가량 감소시킬 수 있다. 평판의 강성을 크게 하기 위해 두께를 증가시키는 것보다 보강재로 보강하는 것이 일반적인 방법이므로 강상자형교 주형의 상 하부 플랜지 및 복부판은 각종 보강재로 보강된 얇은 판의 형태로 구성되어 있다. 이와 같이 보강된 평판의 탄성 좌굴계수(k)는 작용력의 종류, 형상비, 경계조건 외에도 보강재로 수, 배치 간격, 강성비와 면적비에 따라 각기 다른 특성을 가진다. 기존의 강상자형 연속교와 달리 지점 상승하강 강상자형교의 하부 플랜지 및 복부판은 내측 지점의 상승 과정에서 큰 압축력을 받게 되므로 전체 주형의 좌굴이 발생하기 전에 구성 판이 먼저 좌굴을 일으킬 가능성이 크다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 내측 지점의 상승력과 보강된 판의 강도를 고려하여 일부 정모멘트 구간의 하부 플랜지 및 복부판의 종방향 보강재 수를 증가 시키고 수평 보강재를 연장하여 배치한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.542-550
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• 2020

선박 및 해양구조물에서 사용하고 있는 고강도 알루미늄 합금들은 스틸과 비교해서 많은 이점을 가지고 있다. 최근 고강도 알루미늄 합금들은 육상 및 해양에 폭넓게 사용되고 있으며, 특히, 특수목적 선박의 선체 외판구조에 많이 이용되고 있고, 교량 구조물에 사용되는 상자 구조물, 그리고 고정식 해양플랫폼의 상부구조에서 소비율이 증가하고 있다. 알루미늄 재료는 스틸보다 1/3의 중량 구성비를 통하여, 구성 중량을 줄이게 하여 연비 절감을 가능하게 한다. 일반적인 강구조물의 응력-변형률 관계와 비교하면, 용접가공에 따라 발생하는 열영향부의 존재로 인하여 상당히 다르게 나타난다. 왜냐하면, 강구조물과 비교하면 열전도율이 높아서, 열영향부(heat affected zone, HAZ)가 남아 있어 구조 강도 저하를 가져온다. 본 논문에서는 MIG(Metal inert gas) 용접 때문에 발생하는 열영향부를 고려하고, 종방향 압축 하중에 대한 알루미늄 보강판의 좌굴 및 최종강도 특성을 분석하였다. MIG 용접에 따른 열영향부를 고려한 경우, 좌굴 및 최종강도 모두 감소하며, 열영향부의 범위가 15 mm부터 항복 이후 에너지 소실률이 크게 나타나며, 25 mm 이상부터는 그 차이가 크지 않다. 따라서, 알루미늄 합금재료를 적용한 보강판의 구조 거동을 파악하기 위해서는 열영향부 영향에 대한 검토 및 분석이 중요하다.