• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2015

The flowers of Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, two triterpenoids and two sterols were isolated using the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl $SiO_2$ (ODS) column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared. The chemical structures of the compounds were respectively determined as ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (3), and daucosterol (4). All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the flowers of Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

This study primarily attempted to establish the method for the determination of the adulteration in the sesame oil. First of all, extensive experiment was conducted to determine the composition of genuine sesame oil prepared from Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese sesame seed. Sesamin and sterols in unsaponfiable matter were examined along with fatty acid in saponifiable fraction by Gc. There was no significant difference in the composition of sesamin and sterols in sesame oils prepared from Korean and foreign seeds. The ranges of sesamin and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ against campesterol were 3.32~5.46 and 2.39~2.99 respectively in all samples. Similiar composition of fatty acids was showed in all pure sesame oils, in which the contents were 8.37~lO.09% palmitic acid, 4.61~5.50% stearic acid, 35.24~39.97% oleic acid, 43.04~49.76% linoleic acid, O.21~O.31% linolenic acid and 0.40~O.69% arachidic acid. Among the commercial sesame oils sold in Markets, three sesame oils from Japan revealed low sesamin, high linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and low oleic acid and stearic acid, suggesting the adulteration with soybean oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 1985

The major sterol in the unsaponifiable matter (15.9 mg per gram on basis) of the sesame oil was 4-desmethylsterol (55.6%). 4-desmethylsterol consists of sitosterol (29.5%), campesterol (9.8%), ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol (6.6%) and stigmasterol (5.9%). Between the packing bags kept the sesame seeds in, namly, the cotton and polyethylene bag, the campesterol content of sesame stored in the cotton bag was not nearly changed, whereas stored in the polyethylene bag was increased upto 4 months storage and then decreased until 15 months. The sitosterol content of sesame stored in cotton bag was increased upto 4 months and then decreased sharply until 15 months of storage, whereas stored in the polyethlene bag was not changed upto 4 months and slightly increased upto 9 months and again decreased until 15 months. Between the storage conditions, namly, light and dark storage, the stigmasterol content of the sesame stored under light condition was hardly changed upto 9 months and slightly increased after that, whereas stored under dark condition was increased upto 4 months, decreased upto 9 months and again slightly increased after that. ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol was not much changed in all the storage conditions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1989

Effects of cooking and drying methods on the lipids content and neutral lipid component of shrimp, Metapenaeus joyneri, were investigated. Total lipid content of the fresh shrimp was 6.0%(dry basis), which was not changed significantly depending on the cooking and drying methods. Lipid of the fresh shrimp was composed of 36.8% of neutral lipids, 21.5% of glycolipids, and 41.7% of phospholipids. Freeze dried shrimp was substantially higher in neutral lipid contents but lower in glycolipid and phospholipid contents than hot air dried one. Main components of the neutral lipids were triglycerides, free sterols, free fatty acids and esterified sterols. Freeze dried shrimp contained higher triglycerides contents than hot air dried shrimp, whereas free fatty acids content in hot air dried shrimp was greater than that of freeze dried one due to the decomposition of triglycerides to free fatty acids during hot air drying. Major fatty acid composition of the total lipid were palmitoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and that of neutral lipid were palmitic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in fresh shrimp.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2010

This study evaluated the protective effects of ginseng leaf extract (GLE) against high fat-diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and explored the potential mechanism underlying these effects in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, high fat diet control (HFD), GLE-treated at 250 mg/kg, and GLE-treated at 500 mg/kg. To induce hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic states, mice were fed a high fat diet for 6 weeks and then administered GLE once daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, we examined the effects of GLE on plasma glucose, lipid levels, and the expression of genes related to lipogenesis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Both GLE groups lowered levels of plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids when compared to those in HFD group. Histological analysis revealed significantly fewer lipid droplets in the livers of GLE-treated mice compared with HFD mice. To elucidate the mechanism, Western blots and RT-PCR were performed using liver tissue. Compared with HFD mice, GLE-treated mice showed higher levels of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its substrate, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but no differences in the expression of lipogenic genes such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1a, fatty acid synthase, sterol-CoA desaturase 1 and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. However, the expression levels of lipolysis and fatty acid uptake genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\alpha$ and CD36 were increased. In addition, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression was decreased. These results suggest that GLE ameliorates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating lipolysis, respectively, via AMPK activation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1993

Contents of vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-vitamin $D_3$ in marine animal products(20 species) were determined by HPLC. The isomers of vitamin D, $D_2$ and $D_3$, were not clearly separated on a reversed phase, ${\mu}$ Bonda Pak, with 20% methanol-acetonitrile, and on a normal phase, Zorbax SIL. with 0.4% isopropanol-hexane, but 25-OH-vitamin $D_2$ and-$D_3$ were separated on either ${\mu}$ Bonda Pak with 10% methanol-acetonitrile, or on Zorbax SIL with 2.2% isopropanol-hexane, respectively. Although levels of vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-vitamin $D_3$ varied remarkably according to species, their average value(fish : $l,l87{sim}36,007$ I.U/sample 100g, mussel : $58{\sim}1,706$ I.U/sample 100g, pickle: $1,208{\sim}79,358$ I.U/sample 100g) was greatly higher than that of meat($80{\sim}100$ I.U/sample 100g) and dairy products($400{\sim}800$ I.U/sample 100g). Fatty tissues of fish and pickled fish intestines contained high level of vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-vitamin $D_3$, while the clam and mussel known to have various kinds of sterol including ${\Delta}^7$-sterol showed very low levels of vitamin $D_3$ and its derivative.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate Daesiho-tang(Dachaihu-tang) water extracts (DSTE) have potent anti-obesity activities in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods : In this study, we designed three groups (normal diet group, high-fat diet group, high-fat diet plus DSTE group for 7-weeks oral administration). Results : Increases in body weight were inhibited by 7-weeks oral administration of DSTE at a 500 mg/kg concentration in this animal model. Results from blood lipid analysis showed that the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lowered by DSTE administration, also HDL-cholesterol was increased more than high-fat diet-induced obese mouse. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of DSTE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in lipogenesis by real-time PCR. In epididymal fat and liver of DSTE-treated mice, the mRNA level of lipogenic genes such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase were decreased, which was well correlated with the reduction of the tissues weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that DSTE may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2005

Although little information is available on the underlying mechanisms, various genetic factors have been associated with tissue-specific responses to radiation. In the present study, we explored the possibility whether organ specific gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity using samples from brain, lung and spleen. We examined intrinsic expression pattern of 23 genes in the organs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method using both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Expression of p53 and p21, well known factors for governing sensitivity to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents, was not different among the organ types. Both higher expression of sialyltransferase, delta7-sterol reductase, leptin receptor splice variant form 12.1, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lower expression of alphaB crystalline were specific for spleen tissue. Expression level of glutathione peroxidase and APO-1 cell surface antigen gene in lung tissue was high, while that of Na, K-ATPase alpha-subunit, Cu/ZnSOD, and cyclin G was low. Brain, radioresistant organ, showed higher expressions of Na, K-ATPase-subunit, cyclin G, and nucleolar protein hNop56 and lower expression of delta7-sterol reductase. The result revealed a potential correlation between gene expression patterns and organ sensitivity, and Identified genes which might be responsible for organ sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1979

Phycomyces sp. has been isolated from Meju and its lipid composition was investigated. The lipid content was 18.2 % of dry weight and composed of 69.2 % neutral lipids. 24.3 % glycolipids and 6.5 % phospholipids. It was possible to identify the presence of carotene, hydrocarbons, esterified sterols, fatty acid esters, triglycerides. free fatty acids and free sterols in the neutral lipid fraction. Major components in the neutral lipid fraction were free fatty acids and triglycerides. Twelve molecular species of triglycerides and 8 molecular species of diglycerides were fractionated by argentation TLC. The major fatty acids in total lipids were stearic, linoleic, arachidic and linolenic acids, and those in the free fatty acid fraction were stearic, linoleic and arachidic acids.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

Hemistepsin A (HsA) is a guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that inhibits hepatitis and liver fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of HsA on liver X receptor (LXR)-mediated hepatic lipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Up to 10 μM, HsA did not affect the viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Pretreatment with 5-10 μM HsA significantly decreased the luciferase activity of the LXR response element, which was transactivated by T0901317, GW 3965, and LXRα/retinoid X receptor α overexpression. In addition, it significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of LXRα in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. It also suppressed the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and lipogenic genes and reduced the triglyceride accumulation triggered by T0901317. Intraperitoneal injection of HsA (5 and 10 mg/kg) in mice significantly alleviated the T0901317-mediated increases in hepatocyte diameter and the percentage of regions in hepatic parenchyma occupied by lipid droplets. Furthermore, HsA significantly attenuated hepatic triglyceride accumulation by restoring the impaired expression of LXRα-dependent lipogenic genes caused by T0901317. Therefore, based on its inhibition of the LXRα-dependent signaling pathway, HsA has prophylactic potential for steatosis.