• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a kinesio tape on inspiratory muscle training(IMT) to improve muscle strength, endurance and pulmonary function. Methods: Healthy 20 males were divided into IMT group (control group) and IMT with tape group (experimental group). The same IMT program was applied to both groups using the Respifit S for four weeks, three times a week, a total 12 times. To exprimental group, kinesio tape was applied on the inspiratory agonist diaphragm and the accessory inspiratory muscle scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor. The inspiratory pulmonary muscle strength was measured by the maximal inspiratory pressure (PI max) and minute volume (MV) using the Respifit S and the pulmonary function were measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC using the Spirometer and compared before and after. Results: Results showed that the PI max in the two groups increased significantly and experimental group increased more effectively than that of control group. However, only MV showed a significant increase in experimental group but was not significantly different between the two groups. PEF and FEV1/FVC are significantly increased in both groups, but they did not make much difference between two groups, and the FVC for the two groups did not increase significantly. FEV1 increased significantly only with control group, but did not make a difference with experimental group. Conclusion: These result show that the PI max value for experimental group increased significantly than that of control group. Therefore kinesio tape maximizes inspiratory muscle exercise effect on muscle strength improvement. However, because of the short experimental period and difficulty in subject control, increase values of the others did not show a significant difference. In other words, kinesio tape did not show maximizing the inspiratory muscle exercise effect to improve endurance and pulmonary function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This Study compared the level of activation of the muscles around the shoulder at the time of abduction through Pilates breathing and regular breathing by using quantified biofeedback. METHODS: Experiment was conducted on 25 healthy males and females in the age bracket of 20's~30's as the subjects. The level of activation of muscles displayed at the time of Pilates breathing were measured at intercostal (InC) muscle, transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle, internal oblique (IO) muscle and external oblique (EO) muscle by using surface electromyogram (EMG) and were provided as biofeedback. Moreover, the changes in the level of muscular activation at sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, upper trapezius (UT) muscle and Deltoid (Del) muscle, which are the muscles around the shoulder, at the time of abduction of shoulder during Pilates breathing and regular breathing were measured. RESULTS: When abduction of shoulder is executed through Pilates breathing, the level of muscular activation of UT muscle was $11.56{\pm}7.10%$ at the time of exhaling of Pilates breathing and $17.54{\pm}9.57%$ at the time of exhaling of regular breathing. Del muscle also displayed lowered level of muscular activation at the time of Pilates breathing with $12.88{\pm}5.80%$ during inhaling and $15.14{\pm}5.49%$ during exhaling. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results could be interpreted as indicating that the muscle activities of upper trapezius and deltoid muscle were decreased based on Pilates breathing more than those on regular breathing.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot soyang muscle of the Gall bladder channel' and 'muscular system' on the basis of the link between meridian muscle theory and myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : We have researched some of oriental medical books about meridian muscle theory and western medical books about anatomical muscular system. Results & Conclusion : 1. Myofascial pain syndrome is the medical treatment which finds the start point of the pain in fascia and then treats it on the basis of object and concrete anatomical theory, so its application is needed for objectification of the oriental medicine. 2. There is a wide difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscles systematically in the view of organism. 3. Foot soyang muscle contains Dorsal interosseous m, Extensor digitorum longus m, Musculus peroneus brevis, longus and, tertius, lliotibial tract, Vastus lateralis m, Gluteus m, Aximus m, Piriformis m, Tensor fasciae latae m, Gluteus minimus m, Obliquus internus & externus abdominis m, External & Internal intercostal m, Serratus anterior m, Pectoralis major m, Sternocleidomastoid m, Auricularis posterior m, Temporalis m, Masseter m, Orbicularis oculi m etc. on the basis of function and the nature of a disease reflected in muscle. 4. Foot soyang muscle keeps the balance of left md right of the body on the outside, while the Gall bladder keeps the balance of the JangBuKiHyeul(臟腑氣血) on the inside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the treatment of Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture (FHRSP) using posture correction exercises by comparing muscle activity and onset time around the neck and shoulder area during an arm elevation task. METHODS: The subjects were divided into FHRSP (21 persons) and non-FHRSP (19 persons) groups to measure muscle activity and onset time of muscle contraction. Wireless surface electromyography was used to assess the muscle activity and onset time of the right and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and infraspinatus during an arm elevation task. After the pre-measurement, the participants performed the postural correction exercises, and then the post-measurement was conducted. RESULTS: After the posture correction exercises, there were significant differences in the muscle activity and onset time of all muscles in the FHRSP group. The results of the comparison of the muscle onset time during an arm elevation task demonstrated that after the postural correction exercises, the muscle onset time was significantly reduced in the right and left SCM and left splenius capitis, but there were no significant changes in the onset time of other muscles. CONCLUSION: The results of this study help us understand the change in muscle activities and muscle contraction onset time in a person with FHRSP when lifting the arm and suggest the relevant basis to apply the posture correction exercise in clinical settings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.149-158
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• 2021

Purpose : Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural malalignment of the cranio-cervical region. Previous studies have reported that FHP might affect both temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cervical muscles, but still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of craniovertebral angle (CVA) and muscle properties after smartphone use in healthy individuals with and without FHP. Methods : Fifteen healthy individuals aged 18 to 22 years were included. CVA was evaluated using Dartfish motion analysis, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to their CVA: a FHP group (n = 7, CVA less than 48 °) and a control group (n = 8, CVA more than 48 °). MyotonPro was used to measure muscle properties of masseter, digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM). Each subject underwent 15-minutes of smartphone task (web browsing or video watching) in relaxed sitting posture. CVA and muscles properties were assessed both before and after the smartphone task. Results : There were significant changes in post measurements of CVA between the groups. Masseter muscle showed significant differences in pre and post measurements of all muscle properties, and digastric muscle showed significance only in muscle tone. Amount of changes (post-pre), however, showed no significant difference in this study. Conclusion : 15-minutes of smartphone task did not affect CVA and muscle properties of masseter, digastric and SCM in both groups, however, there were significant changes in pre and post measurements of CVA and some muscle properties of masseter and digastric muscles. Therefore, CVA, masseter and digastric muscles might be significantly changed in a heavy duration of smartphone usage more than 15-minutes. Further studies are needed regarding duration of smartphone task, assessments in other various TMJ muscle groups, and participants with pathological FHP conditions.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2017

Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor in neonatal and infant stage. In the head and neck region, the lesion mostly occurs in the masseter, trapezoidal or sternocleidomastoid muscle. Due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms, it is difficult to diagnose precisely. Intramuscular hemangioma can be misdiagnosed as sialolithiasis of the parotid gland. There are several treatment options for hemangiomas such as sclerotherapy, radiotherapy, embolization, and surgery. Of all these, definitive surgical resection is considered most effective in preventing future recurrence. Here we report a case of intramuscular hemangioma that was detected in the patient's right masseter muscle which was initially misdiagnosed as parotid sialolithiasis and was consequently managed with surgical resection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Purpose : Recommended posture according to the location of operating teeth have been standardized in dental clinic to prevent musculoskeletal disorder. However, clinicians do not comply with this rule in many cases. This study investigated the effects of operating posture on cranio-cervical range of motion (CROM) and muscles activity of neck and upper extremity. Methods : Sixteen healthy dental hygiene students were participated. During operating posture (3 recommended and 3 experimental postures which were set front, side, back, respectively), CROM in the fronal and sagittal plane were measured by Cervical Range of Motion Instrument and muscle activities of Sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, middle deltoid, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, and abductor pollicis brevis were measured by Pocket EMG system. Result : CROM were significantly decreased in recommended posture in comparison with experimental posture (p<.05). In addition, muscle activity of middle deltoid was significantly decreased in recommended front posture. Moreover, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis showed the same result in recommended back posture (p<.05). Conclusion : Recommended posture is close to neutral posture and to reduce muscle fatigue and overuse, which may considered as a preventing musculoskeletal disorder and partially explain its efficacy in dental clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Computer dominated jobs and industrial automation have rapidly created work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and WMSDS are expanding to employee of other general industry. Specific risk factors associated with WMSDs include repetitive motion, heavy lifting, forceful exertion, contact stress, vibration awkward posture and rapid hand and wrist movement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the neck muscle workload according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. Seven male students participated in this study. To analyze neck muscle workload was studied on electromyographic(EMG) activity for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, was subjectively rated using a Borg's CR-10 scale. ANOVA showed that the CR-10 ratings and most EMG root-mean-square (RMS) value were statistically significant improvement according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. The results of this study indicate the joint angle and weight of neck muscle workload to provide safe working conditions. To reduce the large number and severity of WMSDs employees have been experiencing, we need to redesign the job in workplace to identify and control hazards that are reasonably likely to be causing or contributing to the WMSDs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.453-458
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the activities of the abdominal and neck flexor muscles of children with and without cerebral palsy (CP) while lifting the head in a supine position. Methods: The subjects were eight children with CP and eight children without the disease. The activities of the external abdominal oblique (EO), internal abdominal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and RA/SCM muscles were collected by surface electromyography (EMG) when the children lifted their heads. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the activity of each muscle during the head-lifting exercise. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results: The activities of the EO, IO, and RA, and RA/SCM muscles differed significantly between the children with and without CP, but there was no significant between-group difference in the activity of the SCM muscle. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the abdominal muscles are not employed as much in the activities of children with CP compared to those without the disease. Additionally, those with CP were more dependent on the neck flexor muscle during the head-lifting exercise in a supine position.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 1996

Torticollis is a deformity of the neck that shows tilting of the head toward the affected side and rotation of the chin toward the opposite side. In many cases with this condition, unilateral tightness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is found frequently with fibrous tumor. The analysis of 43 cases of congenital muscular torticollis and result of their physical therapy are reported. The research was from Jan. 1, 1990 to Dec. 31, 1995 at Ulsan Dong Kang Hospital. The results obtained were as follows. 1. There were 30 males(69.8%) and 13 females(30.2%). Age distribution of patients showed below 2 month 20 cases(46.5%), above 1 year 7 cases(16.3%), $5{\sim}6/11{\sim}12$ months 4 cases(9.3%), and $7{\sim}8$ month 2 cases(4.6%). 2. 25 cases(58.1 %) were on the right and 18 cases(41.9%) on the left side. Torticollis was mild to moderately severe in mild 22 cases(51.1 %), moderate 18 cases (41.9 %) and severe 3 cases(7%). 3. There were normal spontaneous delivery in 36 cases(83.7%), Cesaean section in 4 cases (9.3%) and breech presentation in 3 cases(7%). Sequence of birth, the 1st born babys were 30 cases(69.8%) and the 2nd born babys were 13 cases(30.2%). 4. Above fair result of physiotherapy were 36 cases(83.7%). 5. Of the 43 cases with fellow up, above fair 32 cases(74.4%) and poor 11 cases(25.6%) showed. As conclusion, passive stretch exercise of sternocleidomastoid muscle with early torticollis diagnosis seems more successful in recovery than no exercise.