• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1992

1. 유기물(O.M)함량과 염기치환용량(C.E.C.)이 극히 낮은 본 시험 토양의 시험 토양 분석 결과에 의하면 기타 물질 시용에 관계없이 복비 시용이 토양 중 N.P.K 함량 모두를 증가 시켰으며 특히 N은 Peat 시용에 의하여도 현저히 증가하였고 미원 비료시용에 의하여도 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 식물체중 양분함량을 보면 무의 경우 N, Ca 및 Mg 함량이 지하부보다 지상부에 P는 지하부에 많이 분포함을 보였으며 각처리에 따른 양분함량 분포는 복비시용은 기타처리에 관계없이 복비 무시용구에 비하여 높은 N함량 분포를 나타냈다. 3. 배추의 경우도 역시 N.P.K성분 모두가 모든 처리에서 무처리에 비하여 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 또한 무우의 경우와 유사하게 복비시용이 무시용에 비하여 N.P.K함량이 더욱 높이는 경향이었다. 4. 무우, 배추수확량은 모든처리가 무처리에 비하여 수량을 증가시켰으나 모든 유기질 비료들의 단독효과는 미원비료 2배수준을 제외하고는 모두 복비효과보다 낮았으며 복비를 추천량과 함께 유기질 비료를 시용할 경우는 전연 반대로 모든 유기질 비료가 복비 단독 효과보다는 월등히 높았다. 5. 수량에 미치는 유기질 비료종류간의 상대적 효과는 복비 시용여부에 관계없이 다음과 같은 순서로 요약 될 수 있다. 미원 비료 ${\geq}$ Biovin > 일반퇴비 ${\geq}$ Peat

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.652-658
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• 2013

A huge number of greenhouse soils in Korea have accumulated mineral elements which induce many nutritional and pathological problems. The present study was performed to the effects of the reduced fertilization on plant growth, and uptake and partitioning of minerals (N, P, K) and soluble carbohydrates using highly minerals-accumulated farmer's greenhouse soil. On the basis of the recommended application for tomato crop, the application rates of N, P and K were 110(50%)-5.2(5%)-41.5(35%)kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, using Hoagland's nutrient solution. Tomato growth rates during the whole experiment were not significant between treatments, but it was found that a decrease in daily growth represented after 60 days of treatment (DAT). The reduced application led to a drastic decrease in the concentration of N, P and K in fruits, and, thus, this resulted in lower uptake after 40 DAT. The lower phloem export and utilization of soluble carbohydrates caused an accumulation of extra-carbohydrates in leaves, stems and fruits in the reduced application. The reduced fertilization induced the capture of N, P and K in leaves and of soluble carbohydrates in stems compared to the conventional application. In this study, we suggest that it is possible to delay the first fertigation time in minerals-accumulated soils without an adverse impact on crop growth, but it is necessary to regularly monitor mineral status in soil to ensure a balanced uptake, synthesis and partitioning of minerals and carbohydrates.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This study was to examine growth, carbon and nitrogen responses in foliage following forest fertilization in a red pine stand. Two types of fertilizer (N:P:K=113:150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$; P:K=150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$) were applied on late April 2011. Growth, carbon and nitrogen responses of foliage were monitored 3 times (July, September, November) after fertilization. Morphological growth responses (dry mass, leaf area, specific leaf area) with foliage age were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by fertilizer application, while needle dry mass and leaf area of July were significantly lower in current-year-old than in one-year-old or two-year-old needles of September or November. Carbon concentration and content in foliage was little affected by fertilizer application compared with sampling month or needle age, while the NPK fertilizer produced high nitrogen concentration and content of foliage. The results indicate that nitrogen concentration and content in foliage may serve as an indicator of the nitrogen status by fertilization in a red pine stand.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the application effect of liquid fertilizer using pig cadavers on potato and corn cultivations in upland field. Field experiments were designed with control (Cn), liquid fertilizer (LF), inorganic fertilizer (IF), and LF + IF treatments. Crop yields in potato and corn cultivations were higher in the order of $LF+I{\geq_-}IF{\geq_-}LF$ > Cn treatments. The potato and corn yields in LF + IF treatment were 237% and 29% greater than those in Cn treatment, respectively. Following crops harvest, soil status was improved, showing greater soil chemical properties in the LF treated areas compared to those in the Cn treatment. In addition, total $CO_2$ fluxes in LF + IF treatment during potato and corn cultivations were significantly increased compared with Cn and IF treatments. Therefore, these results suggest that LF application was effective on crop cultivation and improvement of soil fertility.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.499-505
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• 1992

본 시험은 완효성비료를 이용한 전량기비시비방법을 개선하고자 식양토(덕평통)와 사양토(강서통)에서 완효성비료인 조선완효성비료와 Meister 15를 이용하여 시비방법에 따른 완효성비료의 시용효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시토양별 암모니아태 질소의 용출량은 담수 4일째 사양토에서 95ppm, 식양토에서 60ppm 이었다. 2. 벼 잎색도는 조선완효성비료가 Meister 15보다 낮았고, 시비방법간에는 측조시비구보다 전층시비구에서 높았다. 3. 질소 효율은 Meister 15 > 관행 > 조선완효성비료의 순으로 높았고, 시비방법간에는 차이가 적었다. 4. 단립면적당 경수는 조선완효성비료는 측조시비구가 전층시비구보다 많았고, Meister 15는 전층시비구가 측조시비구보다 많았으며, 간장은 Meister 15 > 관행 > 조선 완효성비료의 순으로 길었고, 시비 방법간에는 전층시비구가 측조시비구보다 길었다. 등숙율은 완효성시비가 관행보다 높았고, 시비방법간에는 전층시비구가 측조시비구보다 낮았다. 5. 수량은 식양토에서 비료간 수량차이가 컸으나, 시비방법간에는 수량차이가 적었고, 사양토에서는 비료간, 시비방법간에 수량차이가 적었다. 6. 이상의 결과에서 Meister 15와 같은 완효성비료는 전층시비법으로 시용하여도 좋을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1118-1123
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• 2011

비료 및 토양개량제를 장기간 시용한 벼 재배포장에서 토양 중 유효규산 함량 분포 특성과 벼 생육량 차이를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 42년 동안의 실험에서 규산질 비료의 시용은 토양의 유효규산 함량을 최대 $333mg\;kg^{-1}$까지 증가시켰고, 표토뿐만 아니라 심토에까지 영향을 주어 규산이 축적되었다. 또한, 벼의 규산 흡수량은 3요소구에 비해 볏짚퇴비를 시용한 구에서는 64%, 볏짚퇴비와 규산질비료를 병용하여 시용한 구에서는 98%를 더 흡수하였다. 벼의 수량도 규산질비료를 시용한 구에서는 37~47% 정도 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해서 볼 때 무기질 비료와 더불어 유기질비료 및 규산질비료를 혼용하는 것은 토양비옥도를 향상시키고, 비료의 이용 효율을 향상시키는 방법 중에 하나로 생각되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Ground-based remote sensing can be used as one of the non-destructive, fast, and real-time diagnostic tools for predicting yield, biomass, and nitrogen stress during growing season. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess biomass and nitrogen (N) status of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants under N stress using ground-based remote sensors; and 2) to evaluate the feasibility of spectral reflectance indices for estimating an application rate of N and predicting yield of tobacco. Dry weight (DW), N content, and N uptake at the 40th and 50th day after transplanting (DAT) were positively correlated with chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVIs) from all sensors (P<0.01). Especially, Green NDVI (GNDVI) by spectroradiometer and Crop Circle-passive sensors were highly correlated with DW, N content and N uptake. The yield of tobacco was positively correlated with canopy reflectance indices measured at each growth stage (P<0.01). The regression of GNDVI by spectroradiometer on yield showed positively quadratic curve and explained about 90% for the variability of measured yield. The sufficiency index (SI) calculated from data/maximum value of GNDVI at the $40^{th}$ DAT ranged from 0.72 to 1.0 and showed the same positively quadratic regression with N application rate explaining 84% for the variability of N rate. These results suggest that use of reflectance indices measured with ground-based remote sensors may assist in determining application rate of fertilizer N at the critical season and estimating yield in mid-season.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2000

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) winter annual is very effective on reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer for subsequent com by fixed organic green manure nitrogen fixed during hairy vetch growth. In this experiment, hairy vetch produced above-ground dry matter of 5 ton/ha, nitrogen yield 200 kgN/ha, at com planting on the average during 1997 and 1998. Changes in com yield and nitrogen uptake for two years were investigated after application of nitrogen fertilizer 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kgN/ha on plot of winter fallow and hairy vetch green manure, respectively. Nitrogen status such as ear-leaf N%, SPAD value at silk and dough stage, and com yield decreased in proportion to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer at winter fallow, but nitrogen status and yield of com were not different among nitrogen fertilizer rate at hairy vetch green manure. Com yield (total dry matter) at 0 kgN/ha plot of hairy vetch was 22, 20 ton/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively and com could produce more dry matter 9, 13 ton/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer in 1997, 1998, respectively. Com yield (total dry matter) at 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure was higher than that of high N fertilizer rate such as 180, 240 kgN/ha of winter fallow. Nitrogen uptake of com at plot of hairy vetch-no nitrogen fertilizer slightly decreased than at plot of hairy vetch - nitrogen fertilizer, but com absorbed more nitrogen of 141, 159 kgN/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under no nitrogen fertilizer condition in 1997, 1998, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for com by hairy vetch green manure was 149, 161kgN/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively. Still more, com could absorb more soil nitrogen by nitrogen fertilizer 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure than by high nitrogen fertilizer such as 180, 240 kgN/ha at winter fallow. It is concluded that nitrogen fertilizer for corn could be reduced by winter cultivation and soil incorporation of hairy vetch at com planting.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 1985

본시험(本試驗)은 경상북도농촌진흥원(慶尙北道農村振興院) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 8개(個) 연간(年間) 동일비료(同一肥料)를 연용(連用)하여 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)이 다른 답토양(畓土壤)에서 발생(發生)하는 봄 잡초(雜草)의 발생양상(發生樣狀)이 크게 차이(差異)가 있어 처리별(處理別)로 발생(發生)된 초종(草種), 잡초(雜草)의 수량(收量), 잡초(雜草)의 발생양상(發生樣相) 등을 조사(調査)하였는데 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발생(發生)된 전초종(全草種)은 1~6종(種) 이었는데 인산흠제구(燐酸欠除區)는 너도방동산이만 발생(發生)되었고 3요소구(要素區), N+P구(區), 3요소(要素)+퇴비구(堆肥區) 등은 4~6 종(種)으로 초종(草種)이 다양(多樣)하게 발생(發生)되었다. 2. 인산단용구(燐酸單用區), P+K구(區), NPK+퇴비구(堆肥區), 3 요소구(要素區) 등 인산시용구(燐酸施用區)가 잡초(雜草)의 발생(發生)이 많았고 인산흠제구(燐酸欠除區)와 질소단용구(窒素單用區)는 잡초발생(雜草發生)이 적은 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 독새풀, 여뀌, 명아주 등의 발생량(發生量)은 토양중(土壤中)의 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)과 1~5% 정(正)의 유의적(有意的)인 상관계(相關係)가 있었다. 4. 토양중(土壤中)의 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)은 잡초(雜草)의 생육(生育)과 군락상호간(群落相互間)의 초종구성(草種構成)에 영향(影響)을 미쳤다. 5. 잡초중(雜草中)의 성분함량(成分含量)을 보면 개여뀌, 명아주, 여뀌 등은 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 석회(石灰) 고토(苦土) 등이 많았고 독새풀, 너도방동산이, 벼룩나물 등에서는 적었다.