• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1218-1230
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• 2019

This study proposes a novel video traffic flow detection method based on machine vision technology. The three-frame difference method, which is one kind of a motion evaluation method, is used to establish initial background image, and then a statistical scoring strategy is chosen to update background image in real time. Finally, the background difference method is used for detecting the moving objects. Meanwhile, a simple but effective shadow elimination method is introduced to improve the accuracy of the detection for moving objects. Furthermore, the study also proposes a vehicle matching and tracking strategy by combining characteristics, such as vehicle's location information, color information and fractal dimension information. Experimental results show that this detection method could quickly and effectively detect various traffic flow parameters, laying a solid foundation for enhancing the degree of automation for traffic management.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

This study compares various transformation techniques for multifocus image fusion. Multi-focus image fusion is a procedure of merging multiple images captured at unalike focus distances to produce a single composite image with improved sharpness and clarity. In this research, the purpose is to compare different popular frequency domain approaches for multi-focus image fusion, such as Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT), Stationary Wavelet Transforms (SWT), DCT-based Laplacian Pyramid (DCT-LP), Discrete Cosine Harmonic Wavelet Transform (DC-HWT), and Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT). The objective is to increase the understanding of these transformation techniques and how they can be utilized in conjunction with one another. The analysis will evaluate the 10 most crucial parameters and highlight the unique features of each method. The results will help determine which transformation technique is the best for multi-focus image fusion applications. Based on the visual and statistical analysis, it is suggested that the DCT-LP is the most appropriate technique, but the results also provide valuable insights into choosing the right approach.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.425-438
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• 2023

In this article, the performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) flat slabs was investigated numerically. The influence of flexural steel reinforcement, steel fiber content, concrete compressive strength, and slab thickness were discussed. The numerical model was developed using ATENA-Gid, user-friendly software for non-linear structural analysis for the evaluation and design of reinforced concrete elements. The numerical model was calibrated based on eight experimental tests selected from the literature to validate the actual behavior of steel fiber in the numerical analysis. Then, a parametric study of 144 specimens was generated and discussed the impact of various parameters on the punching shear strength, and statistical analysis was carried out. The results showed that slab thickness, steel fiber content, and concrete compressive strength positively affect the punching shear capacity. The fib Model Code 2010 for specimens without steel fibers and the model of Muttoni and Ruiz for SFRC specimens presented a good agreement with the results of this study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2019

Purpose - Why, why is it difficult to predict the appropriateness of self-employment, and what are the countermeasures and policy proposals to overcome. This study intends to further develop the field of statistical variables. It is necessary to overcome the limitation of existing proper scale research in Korea. We need to find statistical variables that can determine the appropriateness of self-employment in Korea. These efforts will be helpful in evaluating OECD countries and statistics and developing domestic economic indicators. Research design, data, and methodology - It is the discovery of statistical indicators and complementary indicators that have not been revealed in previous studies. Therefore, we sought to find new statistical parameters based on the statistics of the Korea National Statistical Office, the Bank of Korea, and overseas OECD statistics. (Proper Size of Adequacy) is defined as the specific gravity or number of the self-employed in Korea, which is shown as "Out Put" by statistical analysis of STATA panel statistical data. It is possible to further develop variables such as gross domestic product, gross national product, economic growth rate, unemployment rate, income tax rate, consumer price, tax level, exports, import amount, bill default I want to dig. Results - In addition to expanding economic indicators that can be explained by self-employment determinants, we have developed a variety of methods such as linear and non-linear (U-shaped, inverted U-shaped). It is the improvement of the self-employment determinants and the analysis method to estimate the appropriate scale. Conclusions - The proposed contents are reflected in self - employment appropriateness evaluation data and hope to help the government to select the policy support and to evaluate the government business after the policy support. These efforts are expected to be of great help to operators operating their own businesses, and to government and related institutional practitioners who support them. In this way, self-employment will be created in accordance with the Korean situation, where the happy life of all the people becomes the premise and the inclusive economic activities are guaranteed. It will improve the method of analyzing proper scale of small business owners and self-employed in Korea.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

In this study, we have investigated the shielding evaluation methodology for facilities using kV energy generators. We have collected and analysis of safety evaluation criteria and methodology for overseas facilities using radiation generators. And we investigated the current status of shielding evaluation of domestic industrial radiation generators. According to the statistical data from the Radiation Safety Information System, as of 2022, a total of 7,679 organizations are using radiation generating devices. Among them, 6,299 facilities use these devices for industrial purposes, which accounts for a considerable portion of radiation. The organizations that use these devices evaluate whether the exposure dose for workers and frequent visitors is suitable as per the limit regulated by the Nuclear Safety Act. Moreover, during this process, the safety shields are evaluated at the facilities that use the radiation generating devices. However, the facilities that use radiating devices having energy less than or equal to 6 MV for industrial purposes are still mostly evaluated and analyzed according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 49 (NCRP 49) report published in 1976. We have investigated the technical standards of safety management, including the maximum permissible dose and parameters assessment criteria for facilities using radiation generating devices, based on the NCRP 49 and the American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society N.43.3 reports, which are the representative reports related to radiation shielding management cases overseas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5159-5162
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• 2015

Background: Chronic myeloproliferative diseases are clonal stem cell diseases which occur as a result of uncontrollable growth and reproduction of hematopoietic stem cells, which are the myeloid series source in bone marrow. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammation can be a triggering factor in the clonal change in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMPN). In our study, we evaluated the existence of a chronic inflammation process in our Philadelphia negative (Ph-)CMPN patients using inflammation parameters in combination with demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of the patients. Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratorial data, and thrombosis histories of 99 Ph-CMPN patients, who were diagnosed at our outpatient clinic of hematology in accordance with WHO 2008 criteria, were analyzed retrospectively,with 80 healthy individuals of matching gender and age included as controls. Complete blood counts, sedimentation, C reactive protein (CRP), JAK V617F gene mutations, abdomen ultrasound images and previous thrombosis histories of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Ph-CMPN and healthy control groups included 99 and 80 cases, respectively. PV, ET and MF diagnoses of patients were 43 (%43.4), 44 (44.4%) and 12 (12.1%), respectively. JAK V617F gene mutation was found to be positive in 64 (71.1%) of all cases and in 27(65.8%), 32 (82%), 5 (50%) of the cases in PV, ET and PMF groups, respectively. Thrombosis was determined as 12 (12%) in the entire group, 12.5% in the JAK V617F negative and 15.3% in the positive patients, with no statistical significance (p=0.758). No significant difference was observed between patients with and without previous thrombosis history in respect to hemogram parameters, sedimentation and CRP (p>0.05), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) and sedimentation levels of the patient.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2007

Cefixime is an orally absorbed cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefixime capsules, Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., reference drug) and Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal subjects, $23.5{\pm}3.72$ years in age and $68.3{\pm}8.89$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. There was one week washout period between the doses. After one capsule containing 100 mg of cefixime was orally administered, plasma was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefixime in plasma were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two products were -3.91%, -2.23% and -3.18%, respectively, when calculated against the reference drug. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of $log0.8{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.25$ (e.g., $log0.8786{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.0523$ and $log0.8889{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.0512$ for $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals using untransformed data was within ${\pm}20%$(e.g., $-10.37%{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}6.73%$ for $T_{max}$). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co.) is bioequivalent to Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 2014

Objectives: Designing in situ models for caries research is a demanding procedure, as both clinical and laboratory parameters need to be incorporated in a single study. This study aimed to construct an informative guideline for planning in situ models relevant to preexisting caries studies. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search of the PubMed database was performed. A total 191 of full articles written in English were included and data were extracted from materials and methods. Multiple variables were analyzed in relation to the publication types, participant characteristics, specimen and appliance factors, and other conditions. Frequencies and percentages were displayed to summarize the data and the Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess a statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: There were many parameters commonly included in the majority of in situ models such as inclusion criteria, sample sizes, sample allocation methods, tooth types, intraoral appliance types, sterilization methods, study periods, outcome measures, experimental interventions, etc. Interrelationships existed between the main research topics and some parameters (outcome measures and sample allocation methods) among the evaluated articles. Conclusions: It will be possible to establish standardized in situ protocols according to the research topics. Furthermore, data collaboration from comparable studies would be enhanced by homogeneous study designs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

Interests in creating three-dimensionally designed fabric materials are growing rapidly in the sectors of the fashionable textiles with the creativity, new functions, and aesthetics. A number of finishing methods have been developed and proposed to add or create new functions and designs for silk fabrics. Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the molecules of silk fibroins, the thermal treatment methods used in thermoplastic fiber processing, which can easily deform the synthetic filament fabrics to endow three-dimensional appearance to the fabrics, are not applicable to the silk fabric treatment. In order to modify the fine structure of silk fiber, neutral salt solution treatment methods have been suggested. In this study, the effect of the calcium nitrate solution on the physical and mechanical properties of silk fabrics was investigated by using the KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) equipment. Based on these findings, relationships between parameters, for example, the thickness and the compressional energy, the thickness and the compressional linearity, and the air permeability and the pore area statistical analysis were investigated. The relationships between the process parameters such as treatment temperature/time and the resulting fabric property parameters were also analyzed by using several SAS procedures.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

Purpose: (1) To evaluate the trabecular pattern at the femoral attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in patients with a PCL injury; (2) to analyze bone microarchitecture by applying gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture analysis; and (3) to determine if there is a significant relationship between bone microarchitecture and posterior instability. Materials and Methods: The study included 96 patients with PCL tears. Trabecular patterns were evaluated on T2-weighted MRI qualitatively, and were evaluated by GLCM texture analysis quantitatively. The grades of posterior drawer test (PDT) and the degrees of posterior displacement on stress radiographs were recorded. The 96 patients were classified into two groups: acute and chronic injury. And 27 patients with no PCL injury were enrolled for control. Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test were conducted for statistical analyses. This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: A thick and anisotropic trabecular bone pattern was apparent in normal or acute injury (n = 57/61;93.4%), but was not prominent in chronic injury and posterior instability (n = 31/35;88.6%). Grades of PDT and degrees of posterior displacement on stress radiograph were not correlated with texture parameters. However, the texture analysis parameters of chronic injury were significantly different from those of acute injury and control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The trabecular pattern and texture analysis parameters are useful in predicting posterior instability in patients with PCL injury. Evaluation of the bone microarchitecture resulting from altered biomechanics could advance the understanding of PCL function and improve the detection of PCL injury.