• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: This study was to evaluate the survival and pattern of failure after radiation therapy of sino-nasal cancer using partial attenuation filer and wedged beams and to help radiotherapy planning of sino-nasal cancer. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Between February 1992 and March 2003, 17 patients with sino-nasal cancers underwent radiation therapy using partial attenuation filter at Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung university. There were 9 male and 8 female patients. Patients' age ranged from 40 to 75 years (median 59 years). There were 10 patients of maxillary sinus cancer, 7 patiens of nasal cancer. The histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma in 11, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 4 and olfactory neuroblastoma in 2. The distribution of clinical stage by the AJCC system was 3 for stage II, 7 for III and 6 for IV. The five patients were treated with radiation alone and 12 patients were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. The range of total radiation dose delivered to the primary tumor was from 44 to 76 Gy (median 60 Gy). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 173 months with median of 78 months. $\underline{Results}$: The overall 2 year survival rate and disease free survival rate was 76.4%. The 5 year and 10 year survival rate were 76.4% and 45.6% and the 5 year and 10 year disease free survival rate was 70.6%. The 5 year disease free survival rate by treatment modality was 91.6% for postoperative radiation group and 20% for radiation alone group, statistical significance was found by treatment modality (p=0.006). There were no differences in survival by pathology and stage. There were local failure in 5 patients (29%) but no distant failure and no severe complication required surgical intervention. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiation therapy of sino-nasal cancer using partial attenuation filter was safe and effective. Combined modality with conservative surgery and radiation therapy was more advisable to achieve loco-regional control in sino-nasal cancer. Also we considered high precision radiation therapy with dose escalation and development of multi-modality treatment to improve local control and survival rate in advanced sino-nasal cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.615-620
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• 2001

The new stage of metastatic lung cancer based upon resectability, disease-free interval, and the number of pulmonary metastases was proposed in 1998 by Ginsberg, et al. We evaluated the validity of the new staging proposal for pulmonary metastases through the analysis of experiences at Severance Hospital. Material and Method: The cases of 111 patients who underwent resection of metastatic lung cancer during the eleven-year period (1990-2000) were reviewed. Of these patients, 103(92.8%) underwent compete surgical resection. The primary tumor was carcinoma in 60 cases, sarcoma in 46, and others in 5. The disease-free interval(DFI) was 0 to 35 months in 79 cases adn more than 36 months in 32 cases. Single metastasis accounted for 53 cases and multiple lesions for 58 cases. Mean follow-up was 49 months. Result: The actuarial survival after complete metastasectomy was 48.2% at 3 years and 32.6% at 5 years; the corresponding values for incomplete resection were 21.9% at 3 years. The 3-year survival rate(3-YSR) for complete resction was 40.5% and 5-year survival rate(5-YSR) was 30.4% for patients with a DFI less than 36 months, the 3-YSR, 75.8% and 5-YSR, 39.0% for those with a DFI equal or more than 36 moths; 45.8% and 30.5% for single lesions, 50.0% and 34.4% for multiple lesions. The 3-YSR and 5-YSR were 58.5% and 43.8% for stage I patients, 54.0% and 37.4% for stage II, 38.2% and 27.9% for stage III and 21.9% for stage IV. Conclusion: The result of the analysis of new stage of pulmonary metastases showed that the survival rate was different according to stage and there was no statistical significance. We need more experiences and long-term follow up to determine the prognostic factor of metastatic lung cancer surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.760-769
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• 1997

This study aimed to determine factors that influence blood flow through coronary bypass grafts and to analyze relationship between the graft flow and postoperative outcome. Blood flow through 146 bypass grafts(GBF) was measured with transit-time ultrasound flowmeter during coronary artery bypass grafting operations in 50 patients. Single and multiple regression analyses were done for relationships between the GBF and four variables: internal diameter of recipient coronary artery, myocardial value of bypassed branch(es), type of graft, and finding of preoperative myocardial perfusion scan. The relationship between GBF and postoperative scan finding was also analyzed. 1. The mean GBF was significantly higher in sequential grafts than in single vein grafts or in internal thoracic artery grafts(61.5 vs. 46.9 and 42.5 ml/min). 2. Myocardial value and recipient artery diameter were found to be the factors determining GBF. There was no correlation between GHF and presence of perfusion defect in the preoperative scan. 3. Myocardial value was found to be more important than recipient artery diameter in determinintg GBF. 4. Reversible perfusion defects were more frequently found in the areas upplied by grafts with low GBP. But this fact had only mild statistical significance. These results suggest that blood flow through a bypass graft is more determined by the size of its supplyinf: myocardium than by the size of recipient artery. So, we can expect effective improvement in myocardial flow reserve after grafting of small(1~1.5mm) coronary arteries, if they supply substantial area of myocardium.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in the children presenting with short-term abdominal pain. Methods: Thirty one children with short term abdominal pain for less than 1 month from January 1995 to May 2004 who were examined using gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. Children presenting with acute abdominal pain unrelated to proper GI were excluded from this study. Results: Male patients were 16 and female were 15. Three patients were 1~5 years old, 15 were 6~10 years old, and 13 were 11~15 years old. The duration of the abdominal pain was less than 7 days in 23 patients, 10 days in 1, 20 days in 2, and 30 days in 4. The major accompanying symptoms were vomiting (15), diarrhea (4), melena (1), hematemesis (1), and fever (2). Using endoscopy, 6 patients were found to have hemorrhagic gastritis, 5 nodular gastritis, 4 duodenal ulcer, 3 gastric ulcer, 3 reflux esophagitis, 2 nodular duodenitis, 2 superficial gastritis, 2 erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis, 2 ulcerative colitis, 1 duodenogastric reflux, and 1 esophageal polyp. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was positive in 10 patients. The age and sex ratio, duration of abdominal pain, site of abdominal pain, and duration of abdominal pain between H. pylori- positive and negative children were different. However, only the site of abdominal pain (epigastric) showed statistical significance. All symptoms improved with medication for the GI mucosal lesions noted by the endoscopic findings. Conclusion: The author suggests that GI endoscopy be one of the important first steps in examinations to find out diverse GI mucosal lesions in the patients with short-term abdominal pain. Additionally, the examinations for H. pylori infection are important for these patients, also.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

This study reached the following conclusions as a result of carrying out the questionnaire survey of self-descriptions for the satisfaction after the citizens of Daejon uses the dental clinics, in order to identify the factors of satisfaction to the medical services of such dental clinics to be utilized in the patient management by dental hygienists, provide the basic data to provide the medical services desired by patients. 1. 43.9% men responded to the facilities and 56.1% women to the atmosphere for the standards of selection of dental clinics by general characteristic, and the college graduates or more to the kindness (38.2%), high-school graduates (43.2%) and middle-school graduates (25.9%) or less to the close distance for the level of educational attainment (p=0.009), which was meant to have a statistical significance. 2. The execution of reservation system for the dental clinics showed 54.7%, the reserved time was observed upon the execution of such reservation system, the dental clinics where they practice such system were 40.6%, and the confirmation methods was done through the telephone with 62.5%. 3. The experience of fear upon the dental treatment showed 74.6%. The type of fear showed the machine sound (48.7%) for men and cry of others for women (70.8%) at the highest. 70% of those under 30 at the age responded to the sharp instruments at the highest. 83.3% of Yousung-gu showed the highest by responding to the cry of others for the residential areas. The statistically significant difference was shown in both the age and residential area (p=0.000). 4. Women showed higher in the distribution of gender for the sterilization of instruments for the external satisfaction of dental clinics(p=0.000) and those under 30 at the age showed the highest with 2.98${\pm}$0.95(p=0.001). Seo-gu (3.48${\pm}$0.77) was the highest for the residential area (p=0.000), and there was statistically significant differences in the gender, age and residential area. 5. Men showed higher satisfaction than women in the clean state and the statistically significant differences were shown (p=0.000) at the age as the high satisfaction was shown for those under 30 at the age (2.35${\pm}$0.79), those having the income not less than 10 million won and not more than 20 million won (2.43${\pm}$0.78), and Seo-gu (2.63 ${\pm}$0.69) for the residential area. 6. For the internal satisfaction of dental clinic by users for the medical services in the dental clinics, 61.1% women responded to no in the ability of solving the inconvenience in the service process, and showed low ability of solving the inconvenience from 30 at the age (26.2%) and by responding to Dong-gu (22.1%) for the residential area, showing statically significant differences(p=0.000). For the re-use of dental clinics, 46.6% men (p=0.043) for the gender, 24.3% under 30 at the age and 22.9% of Dong-gu for the residential area responded to the re-use, showing statistically significant differences for the gender and residential area (p=0.000). 7. The dissatisfaction showed a high rate of 69.5% for the satisfaction to the medical services of dental clinics. 46.2% men responded to the pain and women to the feeling of foreign substance for the reason of dissatisfaction while those under 30 at the age showed 55.6% for others, those between 50 and 59 41.7% for the feeling of foreign substance. 86.3% carried out the education for cautions after the treatments and most people turned out that they do not carry out the continuous health management of mouth as 20.5% responded to that they carry out such health management.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-30
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• 1985

The study was carried out to find out the changes of the sex hormone levels in the milk of Holstein cows during the reproductive stages such as the estrous cycle, pregnancy and periparturient period. The FSH, LH, estradiol-17$\beta$ and progesterone from the milk samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The levels of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ were similar among inter-quarters, but they were higher in after milking than before milking times, with no statistical significance. 2. The milk progesterone levels during the estrous cycles reached a peak mean level of 3.55$\pm$0.26ng/$m\ell$ at 15 days after estrus and they did not show any differences among the length of estrous cycles. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the estrous cycles showed a peak level of 36.40$\pm$2.38pg/$m\ell$ at estrus, and decreased(17.20$\pm$0.46 pg/$m\ell$ to 18.65$\pm$1.26pg/$m\ell$) at luteal phase. 3. The FSH levels during the estrous cycles ranged from 2.25$\pm$0.23mIU/$m\ell$ to 4.35$\pm$0.24mIU/$m\ell$ showing significant changes. The LH levels during the estrous cycles gradually increased and remained a peak level of 10.90$\pm$0.36mIU/$m\ell$ from 20 to 25 days after estrus. 4. The progesterone levels during the pregnancy were decreased from 30 to 60 days after artificial insemination, and therafter continuously increased until 240 days. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the pregnancy were 24.56$\pm$1.19pg/$m\ell$ at day 30 after artificial inseminaton, and increased rapidly until 180 days. The levles were agagin decreased by 26.17$\pm$3.03pg/$m\ell$ until 210 days and markedly increased by 68.00$\pm$8.70pg/$m\ell$ until 240 days. 5. The prolactin levels during the pregnancy were 31.27$\pm$2.31ng/$m\ell$ and 42.60$\pm$2.37ng/$m\ell$ at day 150 and 240 after artificial insemination respectively. The LH levels during the pregnancy reached a peak of 27.47$\pm$7.90mIU/$m\ell$ at day 30 after artificial insemination, and thereafter gradually decreased. 6. The progesterone levels during the periparturient period reached a peak of 4.61$\pm$0.34ng/$m\ell$ at day 3 prepartum, and thereafter gradually decreased, and showed 2.05$\pm$0.60ng/$m\ell$ at day 7 postpartum. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the periparturient period showed high level from 207.23$\pm$6.04pg/$m\ell$ at day 1 prepartum to 239.90$\pm$13.90pg/$m\ell$ at day 2 prepartum, and thereafter began to decline and reached 51.87$\pm$1.72pg/$m\ell$ at by 7 postpartum. 7. The prolactin levels during the periparturient period showed relatively higher level at the time of parturition. The LH levels during the periparturient period rnage from 6.32$\pm$0.32mIU/$m\ell$ to 13.90$\pm$1.37mIU/$m\ell$ showing significant changes. 8. The progesterone levels(4.6$\pm$0.8ng/$m\ell$) of the pregnant cows were significantly higher than those (1.84$\pm$1.4ng/$m\ell$) of nonpregnant cows. The cows of artificial insemination from 61 to 90 days after parturition showed higher progesterone levels. 9. During 20 to 25 days after artificial insemination, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from milk progesterone levels were 94.4% for nonpregnant cows(<2.3ng/$m\ell$), and 75.0% for pregnant cows( 3.2ng/$m\ell$). The average overall accuracy of pregnancy prediction for nonpregnant and pregnant cows 83.3% 10. The results obtained this study suggest that the understanding of the endocrinological mechanisms by means of milk hormone analysis during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and parturition would give the basic information needed for increasing efficiency of reproduction. This study would not only provide an accurate method of the early pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone levels but also contribute to the research of providing the method of detecting of FSH levels in milk, which was difficult in blood serum.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2015

The importance of genetic resource preservation has been highlighted in the literature as a means of maintaining genetic diversity. Investigations for hematologic values and the differential count of white blood cell count (WBC) for Korean indigenous cattle (KIC) and endangered indigenous cattle (EIC) are rarely performed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the hematologic values of total 40 EIC (White, Black, Mini cattle) and 35 KIC as control by analysis of hematologic characteristics. As a result, the mean values of RBC and platelet of EIC were significantly decreased by age (p<0.05). The mean values of RBC, HCT, MCV and MCHC between EIC and KIC of the same age (2~3 years) showed the statistical significance (p<0.05). Also, in the WBC of EIC, the mean values were decreased according to the age from $13.9{\times}10^3/{\mu}L{\sim}12.7{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ under 1 year to $9.1{\times}10^3/{\mu}L{\sim}11.5{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ over 2 years respectively. In the differential count of WBC of EIC (White, Black, Mini cattle), it showed generally the rates of 40.2%, 52.2%, 49.0% lymphocyte and 27.2%, 33.9%, 32.0% segmented neutrophil from 2~3 years respectively. Result of this study will be used for establishing reference range for blood analysis in EIC such as white, black and mini cattle. This study reported hematological values which could serve as baseline information for comparison in conditions of nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status of endangered Korean native cattle. In addition, this study provides a valuable resource for further investigations of the preservation of rare genetic stocks underlying traits of interest in cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the feeding level of cracked whole barley (CWB) on fatty acid composition, free amino acid content, organic acid content, pH, HDL cholesterol, total phenol and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of finishing Hanwoo steers. The dietary treatments were consisted of five types (C: base feed + 0% CWB, T1: base feed + 10% CWB, T2: base feed + 20% CWB, T3: base feed + 30% CWB, T4: base feed + 40% CWB). A total 30 Hanwoo steers(588.6${\pm}$11.8kg) were allocated into 5 feeding groups, and a total of thirty Hanwoo steers raised from 24 to 30 months. Linoleic acid of fatty acid composition was significantly higher for cracked CWB treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 of CWB treatments was the highest than the other treatments (P<0.01). SFA, USFA, MUFA and USFA/SFA did not differ among the treatments. On the contrary, PUFA was significantly higher for CWB treatments(T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 was the highest (P<0.05). EAA was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T3 > T4 (P<0.05). NEAA was higher in the order of T2 >T3 >T1 >C >T4, although a statistical significance was not detected. The total organic acid content was the highest for T3 (20.15 mg/100g) and the lowest for T2 (13.19mg/100g). pH and total phenol of all treatments were did not differ. HDL cholesterol was higher in the order of T1 > C > T4 > T2 > T3 (P<0.01). DPPH radical scavenging activity was in order of T1 > T2 >T4 > C > T3 (P<0.01). Based on the above results, T1 treatment compared to other treatments have been shown to improve EAA, DHL, and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

In this study, the rate of bone formation and the pattern of bone to implant contact surface around HA coated implant and pure Ti implant inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit were compared. Sixteen mongrel mature male rabbits were used as experimental animal. Each rabbit received 15 Gy of irradiation. Four weeks after irradiation, two holes were prepared on the tibia of each rabbit for placement of HA coated type and pure Ti type implants. Prior to implant placement, one group received steroid irrigation and the control group was similarly irrigated with normal saline. This was immediately followed by placement of the two different types of implants. Postoperatively, tetracycline was injected intramuscularly for 3 days. For fluorescent labelling, 3 days of intramuscular alizarine red injection was given. 2 weeks before sacrifice, followed by intramuscular calcein green on the last 3 days before specimen collection. Each rabbit was sacrificed on the second, fourth, sixth and eighth week after the implantation. The specimens were observed by the light microscope and the fluorescent microscope. The results were as follows; 1. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit were free from clinical mobility and no signs of bony resorption were noted around the site of implant placement. 2. Under the light microscope, new bone formation proceeded faster around implants that received steroid irrigation compared to the control group irrigated with saline. Bone to implant contact surface was greater in the steroid irrigated group than the saline irrigated group. Therefore, better initial stabilization was observed in the group pretreated with steroid irrigation. 3. Under the light microscope. HA coated implants showed broader bone to implant contact surface than pure Ti implants, and HA coated implants had better bone healing pattern than pure Ti implants. 4. In the steroid pretreated group, acceleration of bone formation was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy around the 2, 4 weeks group and the 6 weeks HA coated implant group. The difference in the rate of bone formation proved to be statistically significant(P<0.05). Faster bone formation was noted in the saline irrigated group in the 6 weeks pure Ti implants and 8 weeks group. The difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05). 5. For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the second and fourth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around HA coated implants proceeded faster than those around pure Ti implants under the fluorescent microscopy. For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the sixth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around pure Ti implants proceeded faster than those around HA coated implants under the fluorescent microscopy. But this result did not show statistical significance (P<0.05) For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the eighth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around HA coated implants proceeded faster than those around pure Ti implants under the fluorescent microscopy. This result was statistically significant (P<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 2002

For the purpose of evaluating the biocompatability of 3 kinds of metallic materials frequently used in pediatric dentistry (stainless steel crown, orthodontic band, orthodontic wire), cellular and molecular studies, including cell growth and proliferation, screening of cell death with determination of types whether necrosis or apoptosis and changes in expressions of related signaling molecules were examined, using cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), HGF-1 was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. among which the 3rd to 6th generations of HGF-1 were used. The specimen were divided into stainless steel crown (R), band (B) and wire (W). The immunocytochemical study was done for the detection of anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) labeling. With extracted protein, western blot was done for the detection of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, using individual antibodies. Cultured cells proliferated, remarkably till 7 day and slightly at 11 day. There was no statistical significance in the counts of proliferating HGF-1 between control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Relative growth rates were no statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups (p>0.05). PCNA labeling indexes showing similar patterns in control and experimental groups. The expressions of ERK1 and ERK2, p38 were similar in control and experimental groups. The expression of JNK increased at 1st day, slightly decreased at 4th day and markedly increased at 7th and 11 day. Although the patterns of control and experimental groups were similar, the increased expressions of JNK at late period suggest a possible stress due to inhibited cell growth and proliferation, and worse culture condition. Conclusively, the 3 kinds of metal specimens used in this study did not induce cellular and molecular hazards during short term culture of HGF-1. But, for the better clinical stability, the establishment of long period culture and animal experiment was thought necessary.