• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2014

To develop a compact vehicle for women, the most important areas are 'behavioral characteristics, life style and driving posture'. Static AM95%ile manikin is used for package guideline. Since women's characteristics and sitting position are different from men, however, the guideline cannot satisfy women drivers. Therefore, the goal of this study is to make the database with dynamic women's driving posture and behavioral characteristics at compact vehicle. Research process will be made as follows. Firstly, through the online/offline survey and statistic analysis, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics (discomfort elements) of women are extracted. Secondly, the author performs scenario test to acquire the discomfort value of driving situation and life style. 3D models of women's manikin and driving posture were created by CATIA HUMAN. The 3D models are used for the purpose of analyzing women's driving posture. Finally, with the ANOVA result and comparison between real driving posture and package guidelines, the author is able to suggest the main issue for women drivers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1970

Since the discovery of the muscle spindle by Hassall (1831), an intensive studies of its anatomical and physiological characteristics had been undertaken. Recent morphological studies of Boyd (1962) demonstrated that the muscle spindles have two different intrafusal muscle fibers, nuclear bag and nuclear chain fiber, and these intrafusal fibers are under independent motor innervation by ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}_2$ motor neurone. Neurophysiological studies of Hunt and Kuffler (1951) showed regulatory effect of ${\gamma}$ motor neurone upon the excitability of the spindle afferents. Harvey and Mathews (1961) observed the dynamic and static characteristics of the two different spindle afferents, the primary and secondary ending. Furthermore, Mathews (1962) postulated the functional existance of two kind of ${\gamma}$ motor neurones, namely, the dynamic and static fusimotor fiber. Recent report of Kim and Partridge(1969) pointed out that the descending vestibular signals had increased the slope of the length-tension relationship in stretch reflex; Kim (1967) demonstrated that the descending vestibular impulses act upon the stretch reflex loop through the ${\gamma}$ motor pathway. These experimental evidences from the morphological and neurophysiological studies on the muscle spindles support the concept that the stretch reflex action of the skeletal muscle operates as a negative feedback control system. The author had discussed the way by which the f system participates in the control of stretch relfex feed back system. that was taken for a prototype of posture and movement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

Purpose: The paper presents an intervention for clinical applications in the future by examining the effects of 3D stabilization exercise on patients with lumbar instability, which causes problems in the muscles and balance, and analyzing the effects of balanced lumbar muscles on the static balance. Methods: After collecting samples randomly from thirty patients with lumbar instability, fifteen patients selected for 3D stabilization exercise were placed in the stability group and fifteen patients selected for Swiss ball exercise were placed in the ball exercise group. The intervention program was applied for thirty minutes a session, once a day, three days a week for four weeks. Before the intervention, the lumbar muscle activity and static balance were measured. After four weeks, they were re-measured in the same way and the data were analyzed. Results: In relation to the within-group changes in muscle activity, all groups except for the LEO and REO groups showed significant differences. Regarding the between-group changes in muscle activity depending on the left and right difference, ES, RA, and TrA but not EO showed significant differences. In addition, there were significant differences in the between-group change in static balance. Conclusion: 3D stabilization exercise improves the muscle activity by promoting a balanced posture of lumbar muscles and changing senses, such as a proprioceptor but this had a positive influence on the static balance by controlling the balance of muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the static balance ability of patients with back pain. Methods: The subjects comprised of 30 males and females in their 20s, who were divided into two groups with and without tDCS. The balance posture ratio score was calculated to determine the changes in balance ability before and after the application of tDCS using balance equipment. A paired t-test was conducted to determine the changes over time, and an independent t-test was performed to determine the changes between the groups. The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: A significant difference in the changes in the static balance ability of CTDCSG between before and after applying tDCS was observed while the subjects' eyes were open (p<0.05). A comparison between the groups after the experiments revealed significantly increased changes in CTDCSG compared to STDCSE (p<0.05). The changes in static balance ability were not significant when the subjects' eyes were closed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The application of tDCS positively changed the static balance ability of patients with back pain. The results of this study showed that tDCS could be used as an intervention to increase the static balance ability of patients with back pain in the clinical field. The study results could be used further as foundational data for future studies on tDCS.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

스마트 홈은 다양한 기기들과 센서들을 통합하여 제어함으로써 거주자가 필요로 하는 서비스를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 장애자들과 노인들을 위한 스마트 홈 시스템에 초점을 두고 있으며, 스마트 홈 거주자를 위한 새로운 방식의 실시간 자세분석 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 3 차원 기울기 센서를 이용하여 거주자의 정적인 자세와 동적인 자세를 실시간으로 인식함으로써, 원격에서의 건강관리 및 의료 서비스를 제공하는 개념을 포함한다. 본 시스템은 스마트 홈 서버와 3 차원 기울기 센서로 구성되며, 이들 상호간 통신과 이동성 증진을 위해 무선 기술이 적용되었다. 스마트 홈 서버는 정적 자세로부터 동적 자세를 추출하는 추론엔진을 포함하고 있다. 끝으로 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템을 실제 환경에 적용하여 그 유효성을 확인한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

Background: In patients with forward head posture (FHP), the head is positioned forward, causing increased tension in the muscles and structures of the head, neck, and shoulders. This can result in joint dysfunction that may lead to abnormal afferent information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on foot pressure through the isometric hip abduction (IHA) bridge exercise using elastic bands in patients with FHP. Methods: Twenty patients with FHP were randomly assigned to a study group that applied joint mobilization, soft tissue mobilization, a deep neck flexor strengthening exercise, and the IHA bridge exercise using an elastic band. A control group was also constituted, and members were given joint mobilization, soft tissue mobilization therapies, and the deep neck flexor strengthening exercise. Ten patients were assigned to each group. The static foot pressure and dynamic foot pressure of each patient were measured before and after the intervention, and the interventions for each group were applied twice a week for 4 weeks. Results: Both the study group and the control group showed significant differences in static and dynamic foot pressure before and after the interventions (p<.05). There were no significant differences in foot pressure between the study and control groups. Conclusion: : The results of this study revealed that there were no significant differences between the group doing the IHA bridge exercise using the elastic band and the control group. However, the intervention methods applied to both the groups were effective in improving the body center control of FHP patients.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 전정자극훈련 프로그램이 정적 균형 및 동적 균형에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구는 2014년 7월 15일부터 9월 6일까지 진행하였으며, 대상자는 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 환자 20명이 본 연구에 참여하였고, 무작위로 Group I(일반운동치료, n=10)과 Group II(전정자극훈련, n=10)로 나누었다. 두 군 모두 주 3회, 회당 40분씩 6주간 치료적 중재를 실시하였다. 균형 능력은 Good Balance System을 이용하여 정적 균형 및 동적 균형을 측정하였으며, 중재 전과 후를 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 전정자극 훈련군에서는 눈감고 선자세의 좌우 및 전후 균형, 눈뜨고 선자세의 좌우 및 전후 균형, 이동시간, 이동거리에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 일반운동 치료군에서는 눈뜨고 선자세의 좌우 균형을 제외한 모든 항목에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 전정자극 훈련은 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 정적 균형 능력과 동적 균형 능력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이러한 뇌졸중 환자의 균형능력 향상을 위한 치료프로그램에 다양한 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined effects of the untact trunk stabilization exercise program on muscle thickness, trunk strength, maximal expiratory flow, and static balance. METHODS: The subjects were 20 normal adults divided into 10 in the contact exercise group and 10 in the untact exercise group. The trunk stabilization exercise program was conducted for four weeks. The muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound. The maximal expiratory flow was measured using Personal Best Full Range Peak Flow Meter. The static balance was measured through Bio-rescue; and the trunk muscle strength was measured by bending the upper body forward and measuring the time for maintaining the posture. RESULTS: Both contact and untact exercise groups showed significant differences in muscle thickness, muscle strength, maximal expiratory flow, and static balance (p < .05). A significant difference in muscle thickness on ultrasound was observed between the contact and untact exercise groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Activation of the transverse abdominal muscle requires accurate instructions of the contact exercise, but despite environmental constraints, the untact exercise program is as effective as the contact exercise for improving muscle strength, maximum expiratory flow, and static balance.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.2370-2374
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• 2021

Background: Masticating is an activity that is free from temporal or spatial constraints, with an advantage that it can be combined easily with other treatment methods. While several studies have reported a positive effect of the intervention of chewing using the jaw on postural stability, only a few studies were conducted on stroke patients. Objectives: To investigated the effects of masticating chewing gum on the static and dynamic balancing of stroke patients. Design: Randomized cross-over study design. Methods: Nineteen stroke patients were randomly assigned to the chewing group or control group. BT4 was used to measure the static and dynamic balancing abilities. Pre-test measurements were taken before mastication of chewing gum, and post-test measurements were taken after 2 days. The stroke patients in the chewing group were guided to sit on a chair and chew gum for 3 min, and their balancing abilities were simultaneously measured. The balancing abilities of the control group patients were measured while they sat at rest without masticating chewing gum. Results: The chewing group showed significant increases in the measures of static balance (i.e., C90 area, trace length, X mean, and Y mean). In the between-group comparison, the measures of static balance were significantly higher in the chewing group than in the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that masticating chewing gum enhanced the static balancing ability of stroke patients. Thus, gum chewing should be considered a viable clinical intervention to control posture in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of arch support taping on static balance, static/dynamic foot contact area, and ground reaction force during walking according to the types of elastic tapes with mechanical elasticity differences. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-six participants selected for flexible flat feet through the navicular drop test were randomly assigned to non-taping, Dynamic-taping, and Mechano-taping conditions. Static balance and foot contact area were compared in the standing posture according to arch support taping conditions, and foot contact area and ground reaction force were compared during walking. Results: There was no significant difference in static balance according to the taping condition in the standing position, but the foot contact area in the Mechano-taping condition showed a significant decrease compared to the non-taping condition (p<0.05). The foot contact area during walking significantly decreased in the Dynamic-taping and Mechano-taping conditions (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ground reaction force. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that among the types of elastic taping, arch support taping using dynamic taping and Mechano-taping has the effect of supporting the arch with high elastic recovery. Any type of elastic tape can be used for arch alignment in flexible flat foot.