• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2013

Proper installation of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in existing transmission networks can enable power systems to accommodate more power transfer with less network expansion cost. The problem to maximize transmission system loadability by determining optimal locations and settings for installations of two types of FACTS devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), is formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). For solving the MDCP, in the paper, the proposed method with fitness sharing technique involved in the updating process of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, can diversify the particles over the search regions as much as possible, making it possible to achieve the optimal solution with a big probability. The modified IEEE-14 bus network and a practical power system are used to validate the proposed method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.991-1001
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• 2013

Instead of building new substations or transmission lines, proper installation of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can make the transmission networks accommodate more power transfers with less expansion cost. In this paper, the problem to maximize power system loadability by optimally installing two types of FACTS devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), is formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). To reduce the complexity of the problem, the locations suitable for SVC and TCSC installations are first investigated with tangent vector technique and real power flow performance index (PI) sensitivity factor and, with the specified locations for SVC and TCSC installations, a set of schemes is formed. For each scheme with the specific locations for SVC and TCSC installations, the MDCP is reduced to a continuous nonlinear optimization problem and the computing efficiency can be largely improved. Finally, to cope with the technical and economic concerns simultaneously, the scheme with the biggest utilization index value is recommended. The IEEE-14 bus system and a practical power system are used to validate the proposed method.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

In general, particle simulation methods such as the MPS(Moving Particle Simulation) or SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) methods have some serious drawbacks for pressure solutions. The pressure field shows spurious high fluctuations both temporally and spatially. It is well known that pressure fluctuation primarily occurs because of the numerical approximation of the partial differential operators. The MPS and SPH methods employ a pre-defined kernel function in the approximation of the gradient and Laplacian operators. Because this kernel function is constructed artificially, an accurate solution cannot be guaranteed, especially when the distribution of particles is irregular. In this paper, we propose a particle simulation method based on the moving least-square technique for solving the partial differential operators using a Taylor-series expansion. The developed method was applied to the hydro-static pressure and dam-broken problems to validate it.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.551-568
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• 2024

The present study deals with static and dynamic behaviors including forced vibrations of an elastic rectangular nano plate on the two-parameter foundation. Firstly, the rectangular plate is assumed to be subjected to uniformly distributed and eccentrically applied concentrated loads. The governing equations of the problem are derived by considering the dynamic response of the plate, employing a series of the Chebyshev polynomials for the displacement function and applying the Galerkin method. Then, effects of the non-essential boundary conditions of the plate, i.e., the boundary conditions related to the shearing forces, the bending moments and the corner forces, are included in the governing equation of motion to compensate for the non-satisfied boundary conditions and increase the accuracy of the Galerkin method. The approximate numerical solution is accomplished using an iterative process due to the non-linearity of the unilateral property of the two-parameter foundation. The plate under static concentrated load is investigated in detail numerically by considering a wide range of parameters of the plate and the foundation stiffnesses. Numerical treatment of the problem in the time domain is carried out by assuming a stepwise variation of the concentrated load and the linear acceleration procedure is employed in the solution of the system of governing differential equations derived from the equation of motion. Time variations of the contact region and those of the displacements of the plate are presented in the figures for various numbers of the two-parameter of the foundation, as well as the classical and nano parameters of the plate particularly focusing on the non-linearity of the problem due to the plate lift-off from the unilateral foundation. The effects of classical and nonlocal parameters and loading are investigated in detail. Definition of the separation between the plate and the two-parameter foundation is presented and applied to the given problem. The effect of the lift-off on the static and dynamic behavior of the rectangular plate is studied in detail by considering various loading conditions. The numerical study shows that the effect of nonlocal parameters on the behavior of the plate becomes significant, when nonlinearity becomes more profound, due to the lift-off of the plate. It is seen that the size effects are significant in static and dynamic analysis of nano-scaled rectangular plates and need to be included in the mechanical analyses. Furthermore, the corner displacement of the plate is affected more significantly from the lift-off, whereas it is less marked in the time variation of the middle displacement of the plate. Several numerical examples are presented to examine the sensibility of various parameters associated with nonlocal parameters of the plate and foundation. Both stiffening and softening nonlocal parameters behavior of the plate are identified in the numerical solutions which show that increasing the foundation stiffness decreases the extent of the contact region, whereas the stiffness of the shear layer increases the contact region and reduces the foundation settlement considerably.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1382-1399
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• 2023

Pressure relief valve (PRV) is one of the important control valves used in nuclear power plants, and its sealing performance is crucial to ensure the safety and function of the entire pressure system. For the sealing performance improving purpose, an explicit function that accounts for all design parameters and can accurately describe the relationship between the multi-design parameters and the seal performance is essential, which is also the challenge of the valve seal design and/or optimization work. On this basis, a surrogate model-based design optimization is carried out in this paper. To obtain the basic data required by the surrogate model, both the Finite Element Model (FEM) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based numerical models were successively established, and thereby both the contact stresses of valve static sealing and dynamic impact (between valve disk and nozzle) could be predicted. With these basic data, the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) surrogate model which can not only be used for inputs-outputs relationship construction, but also produce the sensitivity of different design parameters were developed. Based on the PCE surrogate model, a new design scheme was obtained after optimization, in which the valve sealing stress is increased by 24.42% while keeping the maximum impact stress lower than 90% of the material allowable stress. The result confirms the ability and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper, and should also be suitable for performance design optimizations of control valves with similar structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.473-494
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• 2015

A graded harmonic finite element formulation based on three-dimensional elasticity theory is developed for the structural analysis of 2D functionally graded axisymmetric structures. The mechanical properties of the axisymmetric solid structures composed of two different metals and ceramics are assumed to vary in radial and axial directions according to power law variations as a function of the volume fractions of the constituents. The material properties of the graded element are calculated at the integration points. Effects of material distribution profile on the static deformation, natural frequency and dynamic response analyses of particular axisymmetric solid structures are investigated by changing the power law exponents. It is observed that the displacements, stresses and natural frequencies are severely affected by the variation of axial and radial power law exponents. Good accuracy is obtained with fewer elements in the present study since Fourier series expansion eliminates the need of finite element mesh in circumferential direction and continuous material property distribution within the elements improves accuracy without refining the mesh size in axial and radial directions.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

인터넷이 발전함에 따라 웹 애플리케이션을 이용한 서비스가 대중화되었고, 웹 애플리케이션의 취약점을 목표로 하는 공격들도 증가하게 되었다. 많은 웹 공격 중의 하나인 SQL Injection 공격은 민감한 데이터를 처리하는 곳에서는 매우 치명적이고 위험하기 때문에 이를 탐지하고 예방하기 위한 연구들이 다양하게 이루어져 왔다. 이로 인하여 SQL Injection 공격들이 많이 감소했지만 아직도 이를 우회하는 방법들이 존재하며, 기존의 연구 방법들 또한 매우 복잡하여 실제 웹 애플리케이션에 적용하여 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 SQL Injection 공격 탐지를 위해 웹 애플리케이션에 고정되어 있는 정적 SQL 질의와 사용자로부터 생성되는 동적 SQL 질의의 애트리뷰트 값을 제거한 정적 및 동적 분석 방법을 제안하고, 실험을 통하여 효율성을 검증하였다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

항공용 소프트웨어의 규모가 커짐에 따라 기능적 확장, 효율적인 개발 및 코드의 재사용을 위하여 객체지향 기술의 사용이 증가하고 있으나, 그 검증방안은 기존의 절차지향 프로그램 관점으로 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 객체지향 기술의 특징과 객체지향 언어의 기능적 특징에서 파생되는 취약점들을 분석하고 객체지향기술이 적용된 항공용 소프트웨어의 기능 안전 무결성을 보장하기 위한 소프트웨어 개발단계(Design, Coding, Test)별 적용 가능한 검증 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 비행제어 소프트웨어 구현에 사용되는 오픈소스인 PX4에 정적분석 자동화 도구인 LDRA를 적용하여 제시한 단계별 검증 방안 중 정적분석 결과의 의미를 분석하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2013

음향방출기법은 구조물에 존재하는 손상 및 손상 메커니즘을 규명하는 가장 유효한 비파괴검사 수단으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 최근 이러한 재료 및 구조의 내부 손상의 실시간 모니터링이 가능한 기법을 활용하여 풍력 블레이드와 같은 대형 구조물의 건전성을 실시간으로 감시 가능하도록 하는 연구가 각광 받고 있다. 이 논문에서는 선행 연구를 통하여 개발된 신호 맵핑 기법을 사용하여 750 kW 블레이드에 외부 손상을 가정한 임의의 외부 충격을 가하여 위치 탐지 결과의 정확성을 확인하고, 100 kW 블레이드의 정하중 시험 시 발생하는 음향방출신호를 측정하여 손상이 발생된 것으로 의심되는 지역을 탐지하는 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 발생된 모든 외부 충격신호에 대하여 낮은 오차범위를 가지는 결과를 보였으며, 정적하중실험동안 측정된 음향방출신호와 실제 손상 발생 위치의 비교를 통하여 새로운 신호 맵핑 기법으로 블레이드에서 발생되는 내부 손상을 매우 높은 정확도로 위치 표정이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1058-1065
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• 2015

This paper present a current predicting control method for PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) to improve the tracking performance of stator current, which regards the current vector as the control target. Solving the model state equation in the static frame (α-β frame), the dynamic change of current vector will be gained as three independent terms. These change terms, which contain the prediction of current vector, are discretized and simplified by Taylor series expansion and used to get the voltage vector as the predictive control quantity. SVPWM will transform the control voltage to the switching signal of inverter, which is newly deduced for the current vector. Simulation and experiment results are given to testy and verify the performance of this method.