• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

Background: Hemiplegic patients usually have difficulty maintaining balance. Balance training is a major component of there habilitation program for patients with neurological impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PLS(Posterior Leaf Spring), FES(Functional Electrical stimulation), treadmill training, and neurodevelopmental treatment on the improvement of balance in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: We looked into published studies from Dankook University’s electronic library databases of RISS4U, KMbase, NCBI, and MEDLIS concerning the effectiveness of any form of intervention leading to improvement of balance. All types of studies relevant to the topic that were published in English during the time period of 1986 to 2005 were included. Results: 1. There were significant differences in standing balance, dynamic activity balance, and gait speed between barefoot subjects and subjects who wore SPAFO and HPAFO(p<.05). 2. The changes in ROM and FRT related to sex, age, height, and weight part of the diagnosis, as well as experience relapse, was of meaningless value. Changes in ROM related to the duration of pain and experiences of falling down were also meaningless. However, FRT showed significant static differences(p<.05). 3. The body-weight-support treadmill training scoring of standing balance, step length, and a timed 10m walking test showed definite improvement. 4. The proprioceptive control approach improved dynamic balance in patients with hemiplegia. Conclusion: Consequently, further study is needed to verify methods when physical therapists are researching balance ability in hemiplegic patient.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genu valgum on the body mass index, movement of lower limb joints, and ground reaction force. Methods : Gait patterns of 30 college students with genu valgum were analyzed and the static Q angle of the femur was measured for selecting genu valgum of the subjects. To analyze the kinetic changes during walking, the six-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system was used. The subjects were asked to walk 12 meters using the more comfortable walking method for walking. After they walked 12 meters more than 10 times, their most natural walking patterns were chosen three times and analyzed. Results : As a result of measuring a relationship between genu valgum and Q-angle, as the Q-angle increases, it showed a genu valgum also increased. Body Mass Index showed a significant difference between the groups was higher in the genu valgum group.(p<.001). The analysis result showed that genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment in the hip joint(p<.05). Also, genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment of the knee joint(p<.05). The comparative analysis of the Medial-Lateral ground reaction force in the genu valgum group showed a tendency to increase the medial ground reaction force(p<.05). The vertical ground reaction forces of the middle of the stance phase(Fz0) showed a significant increase in genu valgum group(p<.05), in particular the results showed a decrease in the early stance phase(p<.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the change in body mass is considered to be made by proactive regular exercise for improvement of the genu valgum. In addition, the prevention of the deformation caused by secondary of the genu valgum in this study may be used as an indicator of the position alignment rehabilitation for structural and functional improvements. Applying a therapeutic exercise program for the next lap will require changes in posture alignment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the association between one-leg standing ability and postural control for chronic hemiparetic stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty individuals who had a first diagnosis of stroke with hemiparesis before six months and over had participated in this study. To analyze the relationship between one-leg standing ability and postural control in the participants, six clinical measurement tools were used for assessment, including the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), 5 times sit-to-stand (5TSTS) and one-leg standing (OLS). Results: After analyzation, the OLS scores in the more-affected side showed significant positive correlations with BBS scores (r=0.469, p<0.01), DGI scores (r=0.459, p<0.01).and FMA scores (r=0.425, p<0.01). The OLS scores in the more-affected side showed significant negative correlations with TUG score (r=-0.351, p<0.05). The OLS score in the less-affected side showed significant positive correlations with BBS scores (r=0.485, p<0.01), DGI scores (r=0.488, p<0.01) and FMA score (r=0.352, p<0.05). The OLS scores in the less-affected side showed significant negative correlation with TUG scores (r=-0.392, p<0.05) and 5TSTS (r= -0.430, p<0.01). The OLS scores in the more-affected side showed significant positive correlations with the OLS scores in less-affected side (r=0.712, p<0.01). Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that the OLS time may be moderately correlated with static and dynamic postural stabilities and motor recovery following stroke. This study also suggests that the OLS test is as a simple clinical tool for predicting postural control performance for individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2017

Background: Many studies have reported positive results of the various mirror training and virtual reality games in improving dynamic standing balance and posture adjustment in chronic stroke patients. However, no systematic study has been conducted to compare the effects of virtual reality games and the mirror balance training. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Wii balance games and Mirror Self-Balancing Exercises in improving proprioception of knee joint and standing balance of people with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a Wii balance games group and a Mirror Self-Balancing Exercises group with 10 patients in each group. Each training was performed for 30 mins a day for 4 days. In addition to the balance training, 30 mins neuro-developmental-treatment based routine physical therapy was given to both groups. Proprioception was measured using two continuous passive motion devices, and static balance was measured using a Wii balance board. Dynamic balance assessment tools included the Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, and Timed Up-and-Go test. Results: All measured variables before and after the experimental results showed a significant improvement in both groups (p<.05). Only the improvement of the affected knee proprioception appeared to be significantly greater in the Wii balance game group (p<.05). However, other variables did not differ between the groups (p>.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that both Wii balance games and Mirror Self-Balancing Exercises may be helpful for improving the proprioception of knee joint and the balance of patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

Objective: Swimming and water-based exercise (WE) programs can provide vigorous physical activity in a fun and a motivating environment. The properties of water, may make it easier for children with cerebral palsy (CP) to move and to participate in an WE program. The aims of this study was to evaluate the effect of WEs on postural control in children with spastic CP. Design: Quasi-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest design). Methods: Twenty preschoolers with spastic CP participated in this study. Prior to the application, sufficient warm-up training was performed to allow the subjects to adapt to the water. Afterwards, three different types of underwater leg exercises for the flexor, extensor, and adductor/abductor of muscles of the lower limb were performed. The WE program lasted during 8 weeks, with one-40 minute sessions per week (8 training session). The usual care was performed during the training session. The Korean-trunk control measurement scale (K-TCMS) and weight distribution variability (difference of both Fz) were measured before and after training session. Results: According to the results, the K-TCMS scores of the three sub-levels, including static sitting, dynamic sitting, and dynamic reaching, was significantly increased after the training session (p<0.05). Also, the weight distribution variability was significantly decreased after 8 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that WEs may improve the postural control ability in children with spastic CP. Furthermore, we support the need for additional research on the effect of WE on gait or activity of daily living performance with a control group included.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

본 논문은 다양한 지면에 적응 가능한 견형 4족 로봇의 위치 이동에 관한 것으로 정 보행과 동 보행의 구현 방법 및 특성을 주로 다루었다. 이를 위하여, 총 12 자유도의 로봇을 자체 제작하였으며, 몸통과 발의 운동궤적을 생체 모방 방식으로 생성한 후 역기구학에 의하여 그에 해당하는 각 다리의 관절각을 해석적으로 구하였다. 이러한 관절각 데이터를 상기 로봇의 ADAMS 모델에 적용하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 계획된 걷기 및 속보 걸음새가 동력학적으로 안정함을 확인하였다. 그러나 그 이전의 속보 패턴의 경우에는 시뮬레이션 결과와는 달리 실험 중 불안정한 거동을 보였다. 그에 따라 원인 분석을 하는 과정 중, 속보와 같은 동 보행의 경우 ZMP보다는 WSM의 개념을 적극적으로 활용하고 보행 주기를 최대한 단축시키는 것이 안정성 확보에 매우 중요함을 발견하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized health promotion program (CHPP) on depression, cognitive functioning, and physical health of elderly women living alone in the community. Methods: A randomized comparison of pre-and post-test design was used with 62 participants assigned to either an intervention (n=32 in seven clusters) or a control group (n=30 in seven clusters) in 14 areas of a town. The final sample included 30 intervention participants who completed the CHPP for 10 weeks, and 26 control participants. The intervention group participated in the CHPP weekly; they were provided with instructions about coping with their chronic illnesses, lifestyle modification, risk management, providing emotional support to each other, and floor-seated exercise, which they were encouraged to do three times a week in their homes. Results: Significant group differences were found in depression (U=48.50, p<.001), cognitive functioning (U=2.50, p<.001), left arm flexibility (U=251.50, p=.023), right arm flexibility (U=225.00, p=.007), static balance (U=237.00, p=.012), and gait ability (U=190.50, p=.004). However, there were no significant differences in bothgrip strength and muscle mass between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that CHPP was overall effective at improving depression, cognitive functioning, and physical functioning of elderly women living alone, and could therefore be considered a positive program for community-dwelling elderly women living alone.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of barefoot walking on the sandy beach on pain intensity, disability, motor function, sleep satisfaction, and quality of life in the elderly with low back pain (LBP). Methods : A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 32 elderly with LBP who underwent sand walking barefoot (intervention, n=16) or with sneakers (control, n = 16). Both walking methods were carried out for 30 minutes per day, three times a week for four weeks. Pain intensity and disability were assessed using the visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index, respectively. Balance and gait were evaluated using the Berg balance scale and timed up and go test, respectively. Sleep satisfaction was quantified with the Verran and Snyder-Halpern sleep scale. Finally, quality of life was assessed through the WHO quality of life scale's abbreviated Korean version. Results : Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant differences in pain intensity (p=.005), disability due to LBP (p=.002), static balance ability (p=.003), dynamic balance ability (p=.002), and sleep satisfaction (p=.017). There was no significant difference in the quality of life between the two groups. Conclusion : Barefoot walking on a sandy beach is significantly effective in improving pain, disability due to LBP, balance ability, and sleep satisfaction in the elderly with LBP. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer intervention periods must to be conducted to generalize using barefoot walking in LBP management.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2015

목적 : 상상연습(mental practice)이 노인의 균형 능력에 미치는 효과를 규명하고 노인 낙상 예방을 위한 효과적인 중재 방법으로써 적용 가능성에 대해 알아보는 것이었다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2013년 7월부터 10월 까지 인지에 문제가 없고 낙상에 경험이 있지만 보조 도구 없이 자립보행이 가능한 65세 이상 노인 3명에게 상상연습을 제공하였다. 개별 사례 실험 연구 중 ABA' 설계를 사용하여 기초선 과정 4회기, 중재 과정 5회기, 재 기초선 과정 4회, 총 13회기로 진행되었다. 독립변수는 노인의 균형 능력 및 낙상 효능감 증진을 위해 상상연습을 사용하였고, 종속변수로는 전반적 균형능력의 변화를 알아보기 위해 버그 균형 척도(Berg Blance Scale; BBS), 낙상효능감에 변화를 알아보기 위해 낙상효능감척도(Fall Efficacy Scale: FES), 정적, 동적 균형에 변화를 측정하기 위해 각각 외다리기립검사(One-Leg Standing test; OLS), 일어나 걸어가기 검사(Timed Up & Go test : TUG)를 실시하였다. 결과 분석은 평균값과 시각적 그래프를 통해 제시하였다. 결과 : 상상연습 기법 적용 후 모든 대상자의 낙상효능감이 기초선 과정에서 측정된 수치 보다 증가된 결과를 보였으며 또한 전반적 균형 능력과 정적 동적 균형 능력 또한 증진 또는 유지 되었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 상상연습이 노인의 낙상효능감과 균형능력의 향상과 유지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났음으로 노인의 낙상 예방 활동으로 상상연습의 적용을 추천한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2016

Objective: Pilates is a low/mid-intensity exercise that can be easily performed by elderly individuals as it is an individual body-oriented exercise. It is also a cardio workout that can be performed anywhere to develop strength and flexibility. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 8 week Pilates program on the balancing ability of elderly individuals. Method: The research participants were selected from elderly residents in B city. Ten individuals voluntarily signed an agreement to undergo free measurements as well as to participate in the workout program. (Height: $157.1{\pm}11.9cm$, Weight: $61.7{\pm}8.0kg$). The Pilates exercise was performed 60 minutes a day, three times a week for a total of eight weeks. The measurement variables used to test balance were the vestibular test, 5 m habitual and maximum walk test and 3 m tandem walk test. A series of paired t-test were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 to analyze all the research data collected in order to determine the balance ability of the participants before and after the Pilates program. Additionally, the statistically significant level for all analysis was set to ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: In the vestibular test, some meaningful changes were observed in the length envelope area (ENV) while standing on one foot, but there were no significant differences in the ENV, rectangle(REC), root mean square, and total length. Results also revealed that statistically significant differences existed in the 5 m habitual and maximum walk test, as well as the 3 m tandem walk test. Conclusion: To summarize the findings, the 8 week Pilates program employed in this study significantly improved the dynamic balance of the elderly participants. Thus, elderly individuals that frequent perform Pilates are expected to enjoy positive benefits such as increased balance and fewer falling accidents.