• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current state of rapid weight loss and physical and mental complaints among elite combat athletes who were selected and trained as national representatives. METHODS: A total of 127 combat athletes who had trained at the national training center in 2019 were enrolled. The questionnaire used as the survey tool was interpreted as words that Korean athletes could easily understand based on the Portuguese version of the 'Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire' (RWLQ). χ² tests was performed to determine the differences in physical and mental changes according to sports and weight loss method. RESULTS: Combat athletes in Korea regularly undergo rapidly weight loss within a short period of time prior to competition. There were statistically similar results in terms of weight loss method, physical and mental changes and information about weight loss according to the sport. Weight loss methods often limit food and water intake and dehydrate. The physical complaints associated with them are symptoms such as "no energy", "dizziness", and "muscle spasms". The mental complaints include "irritability", "concentration loss" and "anxiety". These symptoms can be caused by side effects such as food intake limitation, water restriction and dehydration. Information sources for weight loss were in the order of "senior or colleagues", "supervisor or coach", and "Internet". No information was obtained from a doctor or dietitian. CONCLUSION: These results provide a baseline for predicting proper weight loss in athletes and provide useful information for developing performance enhancement as well as weight loss.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

Background and objectives : Social phobia is a nervous anxiety characterized by one or more constant fear in social activity or specific situation which causes serious damage to individual's social functions leading to chronic functional impairment when it is untreated. The objective of this study is to report a new finding of a possible subtype of social phobia according to a case survey and study of sufferers found via online support group. Methods : A single case review using survey and interview on patient was employed. Following a no-treatment baseline period for examination and interview, biweekly acupuncture treatment with interview for in-depth examination was delivered for 6months. Also, for in-depth investigation of peripheral vision phobia, survey questionnaire was done by the members of a Korean support group on on-line social group forum. Result : A new type of social phobia which has not yet been reported nor mentioned in any journals, namely called 'peripheral vision phobia' has been identified. Biweekly acupuncture treatment reached a comfort state of mental status on one case of patient with social phobia. Limitation : Due to the shift of environment on patient's part, the termination of the school session at where the phobia occur the most, the reoccurrence of the phobia is yet to be examined. Also, the generalization of the new type of phobia as a subtype only by reviewing one case alone with survey interview of on-line social group has limitation. Conclusion : The result of the case review suggests that 'peripheral vision phobia' is strictly concentrated on malfunctioning of peripheral vision without functional or organic hindrance of pupils or of any parts of eyes including eye muscles due to peripheral vision phobia. PVP is similar to social phobia and it may be a subtype of social phobia, however, since etiology, diagnosis, medical treatment methods are under researched, investigation is yet to be done.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.711-724
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• 2000

I reached following conclusion through a bibliographic study about the drug dependence. 1. The drug dependence is the case that taking drugs continually in order to get around discomfort and get mental drug efficacy. that is also the state of poisoning that shows compulsions that using all means to get drugs. the drug dependence is coincident with alcolism in Oriental Medicine. 2 Medicinal matters that causes the drug dependence consist of two field. one is licit drugs, including a tranquilizer, a sleeping pill, anti-anxiety drug, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, etc. the other is illict drugs, including opium products, psychostimulant, a hallucinogen, aromatic agent(adhesives, LSD, etc.) 3. Drugs that causes dependences has the habit which causing mental dependences and the medicinal poisining which causing physical dependences. 4. A syndrome of abstain from the drug which rides on all kinds of drugs is analogous to depressive psychosis, epilepsy, insanity, depressive syndromes, disorder of internal organs, histery, dizziness, etc. 5. The drug dependence causes visceral dysfunction, that is chiefly inflammatory lesion of brain, heart lung etc. (inflammatory lesions os mainly due to infect.) and injuries liver which removes toxic agents and kidney which is an excretory organ. 6. The treatment of the drug dependence, which needs at first check the medical record and the syndrome, is consist of the expectant treatment and isolating treatment as a rule and sometimes mental therapeutics is going on at the same time. 7. The oriental medical cure of the drug dependence needs more concrete study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1999

가족 내의 위험 요인들은 아동의 행동 문제와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아정신과를 방문해 ADHD로 진단된 아동 29명과 정상 아동 180명의 어머니를 대상으로 가족 내의 환경적 요인과 아동 의 행동 문제에 대한 평가 척도를 실시하였다. ADHD 아동의 자료는 내원 당일 작성해 제출하도록 하였으며, 정상 아동의 자료는 아동을 통해 부모에게 질문지를 배부 ${\cdot}$ 수거하였다. 정상 아동의 자료 중 응답 누락 등을 이유로 49명을 제외한 나머지 131명의 자료와 ADHD 29명의 자료를 분석에 포함시켰다. 연구 결과, 가족환경적 요인들 중에서 결혼만족도, 어머니의 상태-특질 불안, 우울감이 ADHD 집단과 정상 집단간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈으며 ADHD 증상에 대한 유의미한 설명력을 지녔다. 또한 이러한 가족환경적 요인들과 아동의 행동 문제간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 가족 내의 위험 요인들 중 결혼만족도, 어머니의 정서상태가 ADHD 증상과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2005

Purpose: Studies focus on cancer control, prevention, or assessment of psychosocial problems and intervention methods. However, few studies exist concerning psychosocial problems, measuring tools for those problems, and interventions for cancer patients in Korea. One of the purposes of this study was to review studies in this area, to examine various psychosocial problems experienced by cancer patients. This is a crucial area to investigate, since psychosocial problems in turn negatively influence the patients' immune function, which speeds the progress of the disease. Another goal was to identify instruments used to measure psychosocial functioning and problems in cancer patients, to analyze their validity and reliability, with the aim to discover the best instruments. A final goal was to explore and compare the effects of psychosocial interventions, to determine the most effective practices. Method: Journal articles published since 1995 were searched from PubMed Data base, Google search engine, and published cancer-related studies, using search keywords "psychosocial function and intervention for the cancer patients"; whole articles of selected references were reviewed and analyzed. Result: Most common psychosocial problems were depression, fatigue, nausea, pain, distress, resulting in a low quality of life. The seven scales found in the literature to assess the psychosocial functioning were Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Symptom Checklist 90-R, Profile of Mood States, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and SF-36 HRQOL(Health Related Quality of Life). Social support interventions for cancer patients were effective in improving quality of life scores. Conclusion: It is necessary to apply support intervention strategies to help cancer patients in Korea. These strategies can help to reduce the effects of psychosocial symptoms, which in turn affect the development and control of cancer. Strategies developed in Western countries may need to be modified for use within Korea. Further studies are warranted to review the support intervention strategies that were being used to for cancer patients

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.48-62
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• 2009

Bodyguards always perform their duty with psychological burdens in their mind, not only because security situations are developed in various forms dependent on the surrounding environments or circumstances, but because bodyguards only take follow-up actions while the criminal decides time, place, and style of every attack. Thus, in the security situation, it is not uncommon for bodyguards to experience muscle rigidity, uncontrollable emotional elevation, difficulty in concentration, negative perception, frustration and enervation, which are caused by continuous physical/mental burdens, stimulations by various interpersonal behaviors or minute environmental stimulants. In conclusion, the result of performing security duties is related in the first place with the degree of the bodyguard's potential, in the second place with the degree of training and efficiency. And the result can also be changed by the way they control their negative psychological state of the moment when they carry out the skills they acquired. Maximizing the performance of the bodyguards by helping them overcome these psychological factors may be facilitated by detecting their psychological factors, understanding the causes, and training them in applying appropriate measures for overcoming these factors. When these measures are applied, the positive perception is indispensable that duties of protecting clients can be carried out successfully. No single measure can be declared to be more effective than the other because the effect of each measure is expressed differently by the individual characteristics of the bodyguards. However, it is important to select and apply the measures most appropriate to the bodyguard. Besides, they should devote themselves to the training with persistence because efficient implement of the measures for overcoming psychological factors takes a lot of time.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2019

Escitalopram is one of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. As an S-enantiomer of citalopram, it shows better therapeutic outcome in depression and anxiety disorder treatment because it has higher selectivity for serotonin reuptake transporter than citalopram. The objective of this study was to determine the direct inhibitory effect of escitalopram on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 ($5-HT_3$) receptor currents and study its blocking mechanism to explore additional pharmacological effects of escitalopram through $5-HT_3$ receptors. Using a wholecell voltage clamp method, we recorded currents of $5-HT_3$ receptors when 5-HT was applied alone or co-applied with escitalopram in cultured NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells known to express $5-HT_3$ receptors. 5-HT induced currents were inhibited by escitalopram in a concentration-dependent manner. $EC_{50}$ of 5-HT on $5-HT_3$ receptor currents was increased by escitalopram while the maximal peak amplitude was reduced by escitalopram. The inhibitory effect of escitalopram was voltage independent. Escitalopram worked more effectively when it was co-applied with 5-HT than pre-application of escitalopram. Moreover, escitalopram showed fast association and dissociation to the open state of $5-HT_3$ receptor channel with accelerating receptor desensitization. Although escitalopram accelerated $5-HT_3$ receptor desensitization, it did not change the time course of desensitization recovery. These results suggest that escitalopram can inhibit $5-HT_3$ receptor currents in a non-competitive manner with the mechanism of open channel blocking.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.651-661
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate whether breed, sex, and age affected temperament differently (more or less neophobic) in mature horses during a novel object test. The study included Jeju crossbred (n = 12, age = 9.42 ± 4.57 y), Thoroughbred (n = 15, age = 10.73 ± 3.09 y), and Warmblood horses (n = 12, age = 13.08 ± 3.55 y) with the females (n = 22, age = 11.36 ± 4.24 y) and geldings (n = 17, age = 10.65 ± 3.66 y). Jeju crossbreds (Jeju horse × Thoroughbred) are valuable considering their popular usage in Korea, but limited studies have explored temperament of Jeju crossbred horses. A trained experimenter touched the left side of the neck with a white plastic bag (novel object). The test ended when the horse stopped escape response and heart rate (HR) dropped to baseline. Behavioral score and escape duration were measured as behavioral variables. Multiple variables related to HR and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured to reflect emotional state. These included basal HR (BHR), maximum HR (MHR), delay to reach maximum heart rate (Time to MHR), standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and ratio of low to high frequency components of a continuous series of heartbeats (LF/HF). Statistics revealed that Thoroughbreds had significantly higher behavioral scores, and lower RMSSD than Jeju crossbreds (p < 0.05), suggesting greater excitement and fear to the novel object in Thoroughbreds. None of the behavioral or cardiac parameters exhibited sex differences (p < 0.05). Age was negatively correlated with SDNN and RMSSD (p < 0.05), indicating that older horses felt more anxiety to the novelty than younger horses. Thoroughbreds and females had distinct correlations between behavioral and HRV variables in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05), implying that escape duration might be a good indicator of stress, especially in these two groups. These results are expected to improve equine welfare, safety and utility, by providing insights into the temperament of particular horse groups, to better match reactivity levels with specific functions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Objectives The loss of maternal care during early postnatal period may increase development of mood-related disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. In this study, the effect of acupuncture on depression in relation with cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was investigated using maternal-separated rat pups. Methods On the postnatal 14th day, rat pups from six dams were grouped into following groups: maternal care group, maternal separation group, maternal separation and non-acupoint-acupunctured group, maternal separation and Zusanli-acupunctured group, and maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group. Acupuncture was performed from postnatal 28th day to postnatal 37th day. The rat pups that belong in the maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride once a day for the same period of time. To evaluate activity of the rat pups, open field test was performed. Immunohistochemistry for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe and for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was conducted. Results The present results reveal that the activity was decreased by maternal separation. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli overcame maternal separation-induced hypoactivity. Maternal separation suppressed TPH expression and 5-HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe and decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus of rat pups. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli alleviated maternal separation-induced decrease of 5-HT synthesisand TPH expression. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that acupuncture at Zusanli ameliorated depressive state through increasing cell proliferation and enhancing 5-HT synthesis.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2019

Objectives: Interest in the use of complementary and alternative treatments to treat dementia. Meditation is used to treat various symptoms of physical and psychological diseases. Some studies suggest that meditation might have positive effects on cognitive functions, especially attention, in the elderly. However, how meditation affects Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients remains unclear. In this review, we assessed the effectiveness of practicing meditation in combination with standard care in AD. Methods: We searched the CCRCT, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and CINAHL databases on 30 May 2017. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used meditation in adult patients diagnosed with AD. We allocated patients to a meditation combined with standard care or a standard care-only group. Results: The two RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A total of 98 patients were included in the meditation with standard care and standard care-only groups in this review. All meditation programs in the included trials were based on practicing mindfulness. The results of our meta-analysis indicatedthat adjunctive mindfulness meditation programs exerted favourable but non-significant effects on cognitive function on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (MD=4.68, 95% CI -0.11 to 9.46; Z=1.92, p=0.06). Only one study assessed depression, anxiety, quality of life and stress. No adverse events related to meditation were reported in the included studies. Conclusions: Insufficient data iscurrently available to determine the effectiveness of practicing meditation on patients diagnosed with AD. Hence, further RCTs with high methodological quality and larger sample sizes are needed to effectively estimate the effects of meditation on AD.