• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2022

Wireless community networks (WCNs) are considered another form of ownership of internet protocol (IP) networks, where community members manage and own every piece of equipment in a decentralized way, and routing for traffic is done in a cooperative manner. However, the current routing protocols for WCNs suffer from stability and scalability issues. In this paper, an enhanced routing protocol is proposed based on the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol to meet the standards of efficiency in terms of stability and scalability. The proposed routing protocol is enhanced through two phases: multicasting expansion and multipoint relay (MPR) selection based on an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed routing protocol outperforms the OLSR protocol in terms of network control overhead and packet delivery ratio by 18% and 1% respectively.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.93-120
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• 2010

In 1978, Chinese reform and opening caused a big changes in Chinese labor relationship. Through reforming and opening, China gave up part of state ownership system and group ownership system, permitted private ownership system, and also opened the way for capitalists to ride again. Since China was established, the labor relationship ceased for 30 years has been appeared. However because the top priority aim of China's reform was economic growth, the protection of the rights and interests of labor was pushed back on the policy priority list. China takes foreign capitals based on cheap labor force quickly and China come up the worldwide plants. Since reformed, China keeps an economic growth rate of 9.7% annually for 30years. This economic growth is based on labor's sacrifice. However, Chinese fast economic growth causes side effects such as increasement of the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increasement of unbalanced development between regions, and the increasement of conflict between labor and management. Especially, according to changes in labors' level of consciousness, the labors recognized that their rights and interests are exploited by employers. Therefore, the labor dispute is continuously increasing. Chinese government changes their policy from the policy focusing on enterprise development to the policy protecting labor's rights and interests. In order to protect labor's rights and interests, China conducts labor contract law and labor dispute conciliation arbitration law in 2008. This kind of changes in Chinese labor environment affect a lot to Korean companies which already entered into China or are willing to enter. According to studying on present situation and resolution system in Chinese labor dispute, this paper suggests the proper countermeasure related to labor dispute of Korean companies which entered in China. First, the success rate of labor dispute conciliation by enterprise labor dispute conciliation committee is around 20% during recent several years and the success rate by year is in decline. Therefore, when labor dispute is occurred, our companies which entered into China better use other labor dispute methods such as negotiation and arbitration than conciliation in order to settle a conflict. Second, from the Korean enterprises entered in China point of view, there exists a problem not to sue except special cases which provided in the law even though they are dissatisfied with arbitrate judgment. Thus, when labor dispute occurred, Korean enterprises try to do best to settle the dispute through negotiation. However, in case of that the dispute cannot be settled by negotiation, they have to attend in the arbitration as if it is a last chance. Third, Korean enterprises keep in mind that dispute handling procedures between labor union and users or between labor group and users are different, and then deal with separately. Thus, dispute between labor and users have to follow arbitrate procedures as a necessary procedure, but in case of dispute related to group contract, namely dispute against labor union, labor dispute can be settled by arbitrate or suit, so after figuring out the situation exactly, it is necessary to select more advantageous way in order to settle the dispute. Moreover, in case of the dispute between labor union, they have to keep in mind that conciliation procedures cannot be used.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제22권
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

이 논문은 WTO 서비스 협상에 대비하여 우리나라의 방송규제 정비의 필요성을 논의한 정책 연구이다. 커뮤니케이션의 세계화 추세가 진척됨에 따라, 그리고 세계 경제가 정보산업에 의지하는 비중이 커감에 따라, 미디어 정책이 WTO등 세계경제기구의 관심과 논의의 범주에 들게 되었다. 이 같은 변화는 오랫동안 방송영상산업을 문화로 규정, 국가의 정책적 개입을 인정해온 관행에 일대 변혁를 요구하는 것이어서 국제사회에서 큰 파장을 불러일으키고 있다. 방송정책이 문화와 정체성 유지를 위한 개별국가의 고유권한인지, 아니면 시장론자의 견해대로 자유로운 시장유통을 저해하는 무역장벽인지의 문제는 단순한 이론적인 논쟁에 그치지 않는다. 여기에는 각국의 문화적, 경제적 이익의 추구가 관여되어 있으며, 각국의 이해관계는 미국 대 프랑스, WTO 대 UNESCO를 최정점으로 하여 세계 영상산업 지적도 상의 각국의 위상에 따라 다양하게 나타난다. 우리나라는 입지 조건적으로 국가지원 모델을 채택하고 있는 나라와 입장을 같이 하나, 대미관계 때문에 WTO 협상 논의에서 전적으로 자유로울 수 없다. 한국의 전략적 선택을 위해 우리나라의 방송 규제의 제문제를 여타 OECD 국가의 방송규제와 비교, 분석하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

The major purposes of this study were to analyze main features of US Green Building Council's LEED for Homes rating system and examine residents' satisfaction on their LEED-certified homes and neighborhoods. The first part of this article shows the structure and features of the LEED for Homes rating system and the process to obtain credits of this rating system. The investigation to assess residents' satisfaction targeted LEED certified home residents in Midwest in the United State. The satisfaction was assessed in relation to socio-demographic and housing characteristics. To collect data, a quantitative survey was administered to the residents of LEED-certified homes in Midwest in the US. A total of 605 surveys was sent out and 235 were collected, yielding a 38.8% response rate. Findings revealed that LEED-certified home residents were highly satisfied with their homes and neighborhood although neighborhood satisfaction was lower than housing satisfaction. Residents' income and education were the significant socio-demographic factors that show significant relationships with housing satisfaction. Residents' home ownership, length of residence, housing types were significant housing characteristics on their satisfaction while the levels of LEED certifications (i.e., certified, silver, gold, and platinum) were not significantly related to housing satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest the importance of developing effective strategies for those who are less educated, lower income classes, renters, or multi-attached housing residents for more successful development of LEED-certified homes in the future.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this article is to test the link between growth of loan distribution and Bank Valuation in Vietnam's banking sector. At the same time, the study also compared the differences in the effect of growth of loan to valuation bank in banks of different sizes, ownership rates and bank values. Research design, data and methodology: With panel data estimation techniques along with robust standard error for a sample of the banks listed on Vietnam stock exchange from 2012 to 2019. Results: Growth of loan has a positive impact on Bank Valuation (by Tobin's Q). A closer investigation provides evidence for the differential valuation effect of loan growth depending on different features of banks. Specifically, loan growth is found positively and significantly associated with Bank Valuation in small and non-state-owned banks only. Besides, bank size, deposit, and return on equity are found negatively associated with Tobin's Q, while loan loss provisions exhibit a positive relation with this measure of Bank Valuation. Conclusions: These findings provide contributions to the literature on the existence of the effect of loan growth on Bank Valuation. At the same time, the study also provides practical implications for policy makers in banks and investors.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of lots-subdivision within the block of Gaeksa at Dongnae-bu under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. Gaeksa of the old government office was the sanctuary that symbolized the sovereignty. Therefore it was naturally a main object of demolition and then the site was converted to other purpose. And Gaeksa was not only converted into the elementary school and the public market but the historic site also processed to break down for opening the road through Japanese Occupation of Korea. The main reasons of lots-subdivision were the transfer from state property to private ownership and the urban development project. Needless to say, the particular major reason was derived from the intention of Japanese Imperialism to destroy the traditional urban. As a result, Gaeksa can not be recognized the traces of today and contributes to the demolition of the remaining ancient building. Finally the deformed urban structure was left over from destroyed building.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

Researching the influence and role of CEO overconfidence to dividend policy is important for stock market investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between CEO overconfidence and dividend policy in industrial enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 222 industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. Data is collected on financial statements of listed companies. GLS model with panel data is used to analyze regression results. The results show that CEO overconfidence has dividend yield higher than CEO non-overconfidence. At the same time, the dividend payout ratio of enterprises has no difference between CEO overconfidence and CEO non-overconfidence. The results also showed that revenue growth has a positive impact on dividend yield in small enterprises, but negative impact on dividend payout in large enterprises. Research results by firm size have similar results with the general analysis for all enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of ownership type shows that CEO overconfidence has a positive impact on dividend yield of non-state enterprises without affecting other types of enterprises. From these results, the authors also made a number of recommendations to help investors choose businesses to invest in accordance with their strategies.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

In the post-war period, the mass provision of social rental housing units represented the primary means for resolving housing welfare issues across much of Western Europe. In contrast to North America, large swathes of state subsidized rental housing where built and let-out at submarket rents, both to needy as well as regular working households. By the 1980s social housing accounted for as many as four in ten homes in some contexts. Since then however, these important welfare sectors have been under attack. On the one hand, privatization policies have continued to undermine the basis of social renting with home ownership and private rental sectors advanced by policy as preferable alternatives. On the other hand, social housing providers have been restructured in order to play a more residual role in the housing market and serve more targeted groups of socially vulnerable people. This paper assesses key differences in the development of West European social housing sectors as well as recent transformations in their status that represent a challenge their sustainability. It also looks to what insights this provides for the South Korean housing context where public housing has proliferated and been increasingly diversified in recent years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

The study investigates the factors affecting the profitability of listed commercial banks in Vietnam. Survey data for this research were collected from 10 Vietnamese listed commercial banks for the period from 2008 to 2018. In the study, we have built a model of econometric regression with the dependent variable being listed commercial banks' profitability results measured through ROA. The research methods used include descriptive statistics, IV regression and OLS regression analysis, and the authors carried out the model verification with Stata 14 software. The results showed that operating efficiency, loans size, retail loans ratio, state ownership, inflation rate, and GDP growth are factors that have a positive impact on profitability On the other hand, variables such as capital size, credit risk, liquidity risk, bank size, and revenue diversification are statistically insignificant; hence, these variables are not statistically adequate to indicate the influence of those independent variables to banks' profitability. The findings of this study suggest that the quality of assets should be considered in the context that bad debt risks come from lending heavily to the real estate sector. Meeting Basel II's capital compliance requirements is relatively difficult for small listed commercial banks compared to bigger listed commercial banks in Vietnam.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제22권
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• pp.39-75
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• 2003

이 글은 베네주엘라, 이탈리아, 영국을 사례로 하여 언론권력의 존재 여부를 조사 하는 것이 목적이다. 언론권력은 매체경제력 지배, 국가권력에 대한 영향력, 매체인력의 통제를 배경으로 여론과 시장을 지배한다. 이들 세 나라는 강력한 매체 경제력을 가진 언론권력이 존재하고 있다. 이탈리아의 경우는 아예 언론권력이 정치권력을 장악하였으며, 베네주엘라는 사영방송이 기업과 노조를 선동하여 합법적인 정권을 군사 쿠데타로 붕괴시키는데 앞장섰다. 영국에서는 루퍼트 머독이 소유하는 뉴스 인터내셔널사가 일간지, 주간지, 위성방송을 겸영하여 시장 지배자가 된 이래 정권의 향방에 상당한 영향을 끼치고, 국가 정책을 좌지우지 하는 힘을 행사한다. 이 연구는 한국에서도 문제가 되고 있는 언론권력의 본질을 파악함으로써 언론개혁의 기본 자료로서 이용될 수도 있을 것이다.