• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of sit-to-stand training with various foot positions combined with visual feedback on the postural alignment and balance. METHODS: Thirty stroke patients were assigned randomly into three groups of standing with a symmetrical foot position (SSF) (n = 10), asymmetrical foot position with the affected foot at the rear (SAF) (n = 10), and visual feedback and asymmetrical foot position (SVAF) (n = 10). Sit-to-stand training with different foot positions was performed for 30 minutes a day, five times a week, for a total of four weeks, and the effects on postural alignment and balance were assessed. RESULTS: The angle between the midline and scapula peak of the affected side was decreased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in the SAF group and at sitting, thigh-off, and standing in the SVAF group (p < .05). The angle between the midline and scapula peak of the non-affected side was increased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in the SAF group and at sitting, thigh-off, and standing in the SVAF group, the difference in the angle between the scapular peaks of the left and right sides was decreased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in SSF group, and at sitting in SAF group (p < .05). In the SVAF group, the angle at sitting, thigh-off, and standing was decreased significantly (p < .05). A comparison of the balance ability showed that BSS in the SVAF group was improved significantly (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the postural alignment and balance ability were improved in stroke patients who participated in sit-to-stand with visual feedback and asymmetrical foot position training.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify whether gym-ball exercise in standing position was an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, balance, gait, and fall efficacy in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-four stroke patients were randomized into three groups: experimental group 1 (n=8), experimental group 2 (n=8), and control group (n=8). Experimental groups 1, 2 and the control group performed the gym-ball exercise in standing position, same exercise without a gym-ball, and general physical therapy for 4 weeks, five times a week in 30-minute sessions. Muscle strength, balance, gait, and fall efficacy were assessed using a handheld dynamometer, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the wearable BTS G-WALK® sensor, and the Korean version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (K-FES), before and after training, respectively. Comparisons within and between groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Kruskal Wallis H test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Bonferroni correction was performed when significant differences between groups were identified (p<.017, .05/3). Results : Regarding muscle strength, BBS score, cadence and FES-K were significantly improved after intervention in all three groups. The weight bearing rate, gait speed and step length in experimental group 1 and 2 were significantly improved after the intervention. The stride length in experimental group 1 were significantly improved after the intervention. Experimental group 1 had significantly improved BBS score and stride length after intervention than experimental group 2 and control group. Experimental group 1 and 2 improved muscle strength, weight bearing rate, and FES-K score more than the control group. Experimental group 1 showed significant improvement in cadence, gait speed, and step length after the intervention than control group. Conclusion : This study showed that exercise with gym-ball in standing position can be an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stroke patients than the same exercise without gym-ball.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of Flexi-bar exercise on plantar pressure and Center of Pressure in a standing position. Design: Single group pre-post test design Methods: Thirty healthy adult participants aged 20 to 35 years old and no recent musculoskeletal injuries were included in this single-group pre-post design study. Plantar pressure and COP data were collected using the WinTrack system before and after Flexi-bar exercise. Participants performed Flexi-bar exercises in both anterior-posterior and lateral directions for 30 seconds each. Results: The results revealed significant changes in plantar pressure and COP after Flexi-bar exercise. The support area of the left foot significantly increased (p<0.05), and a significant decrease in mean pressure was observed in the right foot (p<0.05). The total COP path length and area significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in COP velocity along the X and Y axes (p<0.05). These findings suggest that Flexi-bar exercise can enhance plantar pressure distribution and COP movement patterns, contributing to improved balance ability. Conclusion: Flexi-bar exercise, performed in a standing position, has the potential to improve plantar pressure and COP characteristics. This exercise may serve as a valuable tool for enhancing balance ability. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and sustainability of these improvements.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the designing and making power standing wheelchair. This wheelchair is studied based on the mechanical and electrical engineering concepts and theories. The mechanical theories are composed of statics and dynamics knowledges that are related with moving and standing position. Basically the static and dynamic stability is the most important element in designing and making the real size model. The linear actuator is used in the standing mechanism and the joystick controlled by hand is attached on the arm rest. The real size model is made and also investigated through the design specifications by test drive. Finally, this paper proves the possibility of commerical production of power standing wheelchair.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2000

This study investigates the influence of cane length on the weight distribution of the elderly in a standing position. Thirty participants were evaluated using two different cane lengths based on measurements of distal wrist crease to ground (WC cane), and distance of greater trochanter to ground (GT cane). A limloader was used to determine the weight distribution on the subject. It was found that 6.5% of body weight was supported on a GT cane and 7.7% of body weight supported on a WC cane in a standing position. Results suggests that more weight is distributed on a WC cane than a GT cane in the elderly.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to find what effects both the posture of sitting and standing and the ratio of inhalation and exhalation (I/E) have on heart rate variability (HRV) Methods: We made two breathing sets with 4:6 or 6:4 ratios of I/E at 0.1 Hz of respiratory frequency and sitting or standing position. There was 20 minute-rest between sets. Each set include 5 minute-3 breathings as follows: 0.1Hz paced breath with sitting, usual breathing with standing and 0.1Hz paced breath with standing. Five minute-usual breathings with sitting as basal lines were exerted before and after these 3 breaths. Electrocardiogram-recording was exerted from 73 healthy participants (37 men and 36 women) who carried out two sets of breathings. Finally, HRV indices were analyzed of 62 participants (32 men and 30 women). Results: In 4:6 maintaining the same posture, SDNN were statistically increased, while mean heart rate(HR) were not changed. In 6:4, mean HR, SDNN were statistically increased. When changed from sitting to standing, in 4:6, SDNN were statistically decreased and mean HR was increased. However, in 6:4 during change of posture, SDNN were also statistically decreased and mean HR was statistically decreased. There was no statistical change of HF during 4:6 or 6:4 ratios of I/E moving from sitting to standing position. Conclusions: For increasing HRV, breathing in low respiratory rate with sitting was recommended regardless of ratio of I/E. In changing from sitting to standing, 4:6 may increase mean HR, and 6:4 may decrease mean HR.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of activation of gluteus maximus (Gmax) and abdominal muscle using EMG biofeedback on lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles in standing position. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects with normal feet participated in the present study. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback using visual cue was used to activate the external oblique (EO) and Gmax. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcalcaneal angles were measured by electronic goniometers. All the subjects were instructed to activate the Gmax and EO monitoring increasing amounts of the muscle activities in each muscle. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were collected in three trials during resting and activation of each muscle using EMG biofeedback in standing position. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. A paired-t test was used to compare the lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles between resting and activation of the Gmax and EO using EMG biofeedback. Results: The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were significantly less in the resting compared to activation using EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: The activaition of Gmax and abdominal muscles using EMG biofeedback play role to control the pronation of subtalar joint during the weight-bearing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the symmetrical scapular alignment on the weight bearing of hemiplegic patients in the standing position. Methods: PALM (PALpation Meter) test and Gaitview AFA-50 were used to measure the skeletal alignment of the scapula and the weight bearing loaded on the affected and unaffected sides before and after training. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test on the SPSS 12.0 program for descriptive statistics. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean difference in the scapular alignments on sup. & mid. & inf. area in the hemiplegic side before and after training was $0.93\pm0.50cm$ and $0.58\pm0.43cm$, respectively. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The mean weight bearing on the foot area in the hemiplegic patients before and after training was $9.12\pm5.51N/cm^2$ and $4.36\pm4.11N/cm^2$, respectively,. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The scapuar alignments and weight bearing data on the standing position were grouped around the average (to central point) in the distribution graph. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the symmetrical scapular alignment can serve as an effective means of improving the weight bearing ability of hemiplegic patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation between standing balance and head-forward posture in adolescents. Methods: The participants in this study were 15 female adolescents. We took photographs of the participants' craniovertebral angle with a digital camera to determine the degree of head-forward posture. Standing balance was evaluated using the 30-second Romberg test of BT4. The measurements were taken on a stable-support surface and on an unstable-support surface using a balance pad. The data measured in this study were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, and the statistical significance level α was established as 0.05. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to identify the correlation between the degree of head-forward position of the participants and their balance ability. Results: When we measured 30 seconds of the Romberg test, we observed that, with their eyes open, the participants' head-forward posture and balance were not correlated. However, with their eyes closed, there was a strong correlation between the forward position of the head and the balance ability, which declined as the head position increased. Conclusion: Adolescents with severe head-forward posture exhibited problems with balance in posture control with closed eyes when visual information was not available. It can be inferred that an abnormality occurs in proprioceptor sensation due to their habitual head-forward posture. Education on correct posture and preventive activities should be recommended to improve the health of such adolescents and avoid possible future problems of physical deterioration.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

본 연구는 수송기체 유량 및 정상초음파장의 가진 위치에 따른 초음파 무화 케로신 화염의 거동을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. Slit-jet 노즐을 빠져나오는 에어로졸의 연소장은 DSLR, ICCD 및 초고속 카메라와 슐리렌 기법을 통해 가시화되었으며, 연료소모량은 정밀저울을 통해 측정되었다. 그 결과, 정상초음파장 경계영역에서 화염이 갇히고, 정상초음파장의 위치가 높아질수록 연료소모량은 감소하였다.