• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1984

Reproduced colors which are half-tone dot printed at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% half-tone dot area by each process ink-cyan, magenta and yellow ant at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% by the mean color mixing of black, cyan, magenta and yellow, are colorimetric analyzed by make use of the 1931 CIE XYZ system of color specification and matching the Munsell color system. With increased half-tone areas, 1. Yellow has ideal reflectance curve, but magneta has nonideal reflectance curve. 2. Yellow and cyan have almost standard dominant wavelengths but magenta has complementary wavelengths. 3. Yellow has higher excitation purities in primary colors, but low excitation purities in secondary and third colors. 4. Value function is decreased and generally the range of value function in chromaticity diafgram is extented. 5. The properties of black and CMY printed materials have not equality, therefore black process ink is necessery in half-tone printing process.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 2024

Recently, audio systems are changing the configuration of conventional sound reinforcement (SR) systems and public address (PA) systems by using audio over IP (AoIP), a technology that can transmit and receive audio signals based on internet protocol (IP). With the advancement of IP technology, AoIP technologies are leading the audio market and various technologies are being released. In particular, audio networks and control hierarchy over peer-to-peer (Anchor) technology based on AoIP is a system that transmits and receives audio signals over a wide bandwidth without an audio mixer, creating a novel paradigm for existing audio system configurations. Anchor technology forms an audio system by connecting audio sources and output equipment with On-site audio center (OAC), a device that can transmit and receive IP. Anchor's receiving OAC is capable of receiving and mixing audio signals transmitted from different IPs, making it possible to configure a novel audio system by replacing the conventional audio mixer. However, Anchor technology does not have the ability to provide audio effects to input devices such as microphones and instruments in the audio system configuration. Due to this, when individual control of each audio source is required, there is a problem of not being able to control the input signal, and it is impossible to individually affect a specific input signal. In this paper, we implemented a tone control module that can individually control the tone of the audio source of the input device using the audio processor core in the audio system based on Anchor technology, tone control for audio sources is possible through a tone control module connected to the transmitting OAC. As a result of the study, we confirmed that OAC receives the signal from the audio source, adjusts the tone and outputs it on the tone control module. Based on this, it was possible to solve problems that occurred in Anchor technology through transmitting OAC and tone control modules. In the future, we hope that the audio system configuration using Anchor technology will become established as the standard for audio equipment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.756-769
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a scalable coding method for high dynamic range (HDR) and standard dynamic range (SDR) videos based on Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC). The proposed method has multi-layer coding architecture that consists of base layer for SDR videos and enhancement layer for HDR videos to support the backward compatibility with legacy codec and display devices. Also, to improve coding efficiency of enhancement layers, a global inverse tone mapping is applied to the reconstructed SDR video and the compensated frames are referred for coding of the enhancement layer. The proposed method is found to achieve BD-Rate gain of 43.0% on average (maximum 76.3%) for the enhancement layer and 15.7% on average (maximum 31%) for dual-layer against the SHM 7.0 reference software.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.1846-1863
• /
• 2016

High dynamic range (HDR) images can present the perfect real scene and rich color information. A commonly encountered problem in practical applications is how to well visualize HDR images on standard display devices. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale decomposition method using guided filtering for HDR image tone mapping. In our algorithm, HDR images are directly decomposed into three layers：base layer, coarse scale detail layer and fine detail layer. We propose an effective function to compress the base layer and the coarse scale detail layer. An adaptive function is also proposed for detail adjustment. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively accomplishes dynamic range compression and maintains good global contrast as well as local contrast. It also presents more image details and keeps high color saturation.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2013

A report of security problems and simultaneous operation limits of Standard tone currently used for FTS introduces the development of a next generation FTS. In this paper, BER performance by modulations and channel coding methods for EFTS are compared. Simulation results show that coherent modulations have better BER performance than noncoherent modulations. However the environments of a lunching vehicle may cause serious problems in achieving and maintaining synchronization and the increasing complexity of coherent systems also increases reliability problems. Therefore noncoherent systems are suitable for FTS even though BER performace of noncoherent systems is lower than coherent systems. Noncoherent DPSK has better BER performance than noncoherent CPFSK. However the PEP of noncoherent DPSK is 0.8dB higher than noncoherent CPFSK. Therefore a transmitter of noncoherent DPSK has more output power than noncoherent CPFSK. Convoltional code has better BER performance than RS code. However RS code has a tendency of steeply decreasing BER near the wanted $E_b/N_0$.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2005

This paper discribes the nonlinear distortion of a pHEMT power amplifier. In the paper, we have used some commercially available power amplifiers for analyzing the relationship between the $IMD_3$ and ACPR for wireless LAN. And the $IMD_3$ results using two-tone test have been compared with ACPR to satisfy the requited 802.11g standard ACPR value. Measurement result shows that $IMD_3$ of 20MHz tone-spacing need to be more than 18.45dBc for power amplifiers. The WCDMA signal is fed into the power amplifier, for analyzing relationship between the asymmetrical $IMD_3$ and ACLR. With measurement result, the asymmetrical $IMD_3$ characteristic has increased with the increase of two-tone spacing. $IMD_3$ measurement result with maximum 20MHz of the two-tone spacing, shows that the difference between $IMD_3(lower)$ and $IMD_3(upper)$ is about 7dB. And the measured ACLR shows 5dB difference at -4MHz and +4MHz offset from center frequency.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2007

An efficient block based two-layer JPEG encoding algorithm is proposed to compress high dynamic range (HDR) images in this work. The proposed algorithm separates an input HDR image into a tone-mapped low dynamic range (LDR) image and a ratio image, which represents the quotients of the original HDR pixels divided by the tone-mapped LDR pixels. Then, the tone-mapped LDR image is compressed using the standard JPEG scheme to preserve backward compatibility and the ratio image is encoded to minimize a cost function that models the perception of each block with different quantization parameters in the human visual system (HVS). Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than the conventional method, which encodes the ratio image without any prior information of blocks.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate age-related mechanical changes in the erector spinae muscles, specifically in terms of tone, elasticity, and stiffness, in the elderly population compared to the younger population Methods : The mechanical properties, including tone, elasticity, and stiffness, of the erector spinae muscles were measured using myotonometry in 47 male adult subjects, divided into the younger group (23 subjects aged 19 to 28 years) and the elderly group (22 subjects aged 69 to 83 years). The measurements were performed in both the prone and sitting positions. The tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the erector spinae muscles were statistically compared between the two groups using a t-test. Results : The study showed increased stiffness and decreased elasticity in the erector spinae muscles in the elderly group compared to the younger group (p<0.01~0.001). The results were similar in both the prone and sitting positions. Conclusion : There are age-related degenerative changes that affect the mechanical properties of the erector spinae muscles. In addition, myotonometry can be suggested to be a useful examination tool in evaluating these changes provided that further studies are conducted and standard methods of application have been established in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.56 no.8 s.108
• /
• pp.95-112
• /
• 2006

This study examines the Korean traditional and characteristic coloring through the color of Korean traditional embroidery. This research gives the chance to establish the cultural identity of Korea and presents the aesthetic standard of color images. Also, practical use of Korean traditional colors through this study provide opportunities which develope cultural merchandise in the world. were chosen as the references to analyzed the Korean traditional colors through gungsu: court embroidery, buddhist embroidery, everyday embroidery and clothing embroidery. Because this book published in commemoration of '20th General Conference and 21th General Assembly of ICOM' in 2004, which presented excellence of Asian culture. The color of these works were divided by 'Pantone Solid Color Chips' which organized by CMYK color system and categorized by Obangsaek. 'Gungsu' had vivid and splendid color sense which used strong and bright colors and 'buddhist embroidery' had mild and mysterious feelings which used low saturation.'Everyday embroidery' used the red color group frequently and 'clothing embroidery' had brighter colors comparing to other embroidery groups. The 'Chung(blue)' group had diverse color tone rather than one-tone color. This means that Koreans prefer the 'Chung' and used it regularly, also this color symbolized the racial characteristics. Even though 'Whang(yellow)' was prohibited because the color for emperor, in the case of embroidery, there were a variety of yellow colors from 'gold' to pale yellow and grayish yellow. The arrangement of colors in 'gungsu', tone on tone, complementary and bicolore coloring was used mostly which presented a strong and elegant color sense. On the other side, 'buddhist embroidery' used tonal coloring which gave gentle and noble feeling. 'Everyday embroidery' presented separation and accented coloring which was the example of common people's humor and originality. In the case of 'clothing embroidery', there was dominant lightness, separation, tone on tone and camaieu coloring which added gorgeousness in Korean traditional clothing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.62-76
• /
• 2019

The importance of color is increasing in modern life and we call such present age that is 'color age'. These day that all areas of life are being getting fashionize, ordinary people as well as design specialist are required of culture and knowledge about color. Color design education is important curriculum at liberal arts course and in special design trainning course. Color expresses by hue, value and chroma in Munsell color system. But design spot is using mainly hue and tone color system. Therefore it is very important that educate tone concept in color design education. When think influence that increase of color, we must develop hue and tone color system in suitable for color design education. This research designed usable 'Hue and Tone 313 Colot System' for efficeint sensual color education. Also I designed 313 color papers with attached the Munsell notation which could reappear the spare color paper when needed. The 10 hues classification of this system are Red, Yellow Red, Yellow, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple Blue, Purple, Red Purple. The 19 tones classification of this system are vivid, light, standard, deep, pale, soft, dull, dark, very pale, light grayish, medium grayish, dark grayish, very dark, off White, off Pale, off Light Gray, off Medium Gray, off Dark Gray, off Black. The special colors of this system are gold, silver and copper.