• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

The results of the inspection based on the sanitation checklist and the measurement of refrigerator/freezer temperature, illuminance, and ATP were conducted at 12 school foodservices in Daiyue-district, Taian-city, Shandong Province, China, at the same time, and the results were as follows. Five items of 'Use sterilized cutting boards', 'Use sterilized knives', 'Use worktable after sterilization', 'Use sink after sterilization', 'Sterilize the interior/exterior of the refrigerator regularly' in the checklist inspection were found not to be performed (0%). Two items of 'Disinfect hands after washing', 'Equipped with hand sterilizer' and 'Sterilize the kitchen areas regularly' were investigated as being performed only in one foodservice (8%). The average illuminance of the receiving stand were 373.08±106.35 Lux, 8% when the standard (540 Lux or higher) was complied with, the average refrigerator temperature were 7.06±0.82℃, 38.9% when the standard (-2 to 5℃) was observed 8% of cases complying with the standard (below -18℃) at -8.56±0.76℃ were investigated. As a result of ATP measurement, the surfaces of knife edge, cutting board, refrigerator door handle, worktable, and sink, which are not sterilized at all, were not suitable (accept ratio 0%), sterilized food plate (accept ratio 54.2%) and utensil for preserved food (accept ratio 75%) had a relatively high accept ratio. China's hygiene regulations should be revised in the direction of strengthening disinfection practices for facilities, equipment, and the environment, and hygiene measures such as education on disinfection and preparation of economical disinfection methods should be established.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2014

본 논문은 절전제어를 위한 사용자 감성마진 적용 능동규칙시스템을 제안한다. 이는 공간의 조명 환경을 평가하여 사용자의 감성을 해치지 않는 범위 내에서 능동규칙을 사용하여 조도를 조절함으로써 절전을 유도하고자 하는 시스템의 일부이다. 이를 위하여, 조도 측정 및 분석 결과를 기반으로 세부적인 조도기준 범위와 사용자 감성마진 하한조도를 설정하고, 이러한 값들을 감성마진 적용 능동규칙 설계에 사용한다. 또한 이동 에이전트가 이주 대상 센서 노드들을 차례로 방문하여, 사용자 조건, 용도 및 필요에 따른 다양한 능동규칙을 통하여 센서 데이터를 수집 및 전송하며, 임의의 발생 사건들(센서 데이터 값 및 시간 등의 변화)에 상응하는 조치들을 직접 실행할 수 있는 이동에이전트를 이용한 능동규칙시스템을 설계 및 구현한다. 또한, 규칙베이스와 이동에이전트 센서 네트워크 미들웨어시스템과의 연동을 통하여 다양한 능동적 센서 네트워크 응용에의 적용 가능성을 보인다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure some physical environmental factors and to doucument students' perceptions of them. 11 middle schools in Cheju City were divided into four areas according to their locations and two schools were selected for the study. 144 thirteen-year-old students in two middle school in a overcrowded area in Cheju City-one middle school building is insulated and the other is not insulated-were taken for the questionnaire survey. The finding of the study are as follows: 1) The classrooms were not equipped with any heating equipment. The buildings are not insulated well. As a result, the room temperature was much lower(12.9-16.2℃) than comfortable indoor temperature in winter(21.5-24.5℃). The classroom were found to be colder(12.9-16.2℃) than usual pleasant indoor temperature(21.5-24.5℃) in winter. 2) The classroom were so far from the street(20m) that there was little noise from traffic. Nevertheless, the noise level was higher(62.5-66.2 dB(A), when the windows were open; 51.7-62.8dB(A), when closed than the noise tolerance level specified in the Environment Protection Laws(50.0dB(A)). 3) As for the visual environment, the location of classroom, the adequate sun exposure, and the total states of windows in classrooms influenced on the illuminance. While standard indoor illuminance is 300 Lux, the classrooms facing south had illuminance of 231 Lux, from day light: and the ones facing west, 380 Lux. 4) Students generally found other aspects of the physical environment of their classrooms unsatisfactory. Chalk dust was generated to a serious extent near the main chalkboard(0.25mg/㎥) of classrooms.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

대부분의 터널 조명은 인공조명에 의존하고 있어 조명설비의 유지관리비 및 전력비를 절감하기 위해 자연채광을 적용한 기초연구가 선행되었다. 이에 본 연구는 터널 조경 바형식 반사거울시스템의 채광성능(조도, 휘도)을 평가하였다. 수평면 조도를 측정한 결과, 전체 평균 1,170 lx로 미설치 대비 6.5배 이상 증가하여 채광유효구간에서 구간별 터널기준조도(KSA 3703)를 만족시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 터널 밖으로 나오는 반대편 차로 운전자의 휘도를 측정하여 분석한 결과, 전체 평균 3.01로 현휘 기준치인 10 이내로 평가되어 눈부심이 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

In this paper, the optical properties of the 54[W] LED module have confirmed by changing the angles of LED modules for street light applications. The angle of LED module changed from the $0[^{\circ}]$ to $60[^{\circ}]$ varying by $20[^{\circ}]$ as horizontal direction ${\ominus}_1$. Morever, the angle of LED module changed from the $0[^{\circ}]$ to $15[^{\circ}]$ varying by $5[^{\circ}]$ as vertical direction ${\ominus}_2$. As a result of simulation, the average illumination was about 17[lux] and the overall illuminance uniformity was 0.29 for a 10.39[m] long and 6[m] wide illuminance area at height of 6[m], which is acceptable for street lighting illumination in the Illuminating Engineering Society(IES) standard.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2013

The design of the LEDs lighting in general household illumination was proposed and compared with the fluorescent lighting in this study. Using the LED as a light source would promote energy saving lighting for household illumination purposes. We used the LightTools and DIALux software to design and simulate different standards of illuminance, different correlated color temperatures and different color rendering indices for household environments. The power consumption and efficiency of traditional illuminated light sources and an LED light source with the same standard of illuminance for lighting the household environment were analyzed and compared with each other. Finally, our results show the advantages of using white-light LEDs for lighting and household illumination.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

Currently, in South Korea, 'Light Pollution Prevention Act by Artificial Lighting' has been enforced. For advertising lighting, it is limited based on only the light-emitting luminance. Luminance is a concept related to the glare. Not only the luminance of the light source, but also glare is affected depending on some situations like blinking, luminance contrast, background illuminance. This study conducted glare subjective evaluation with brightness, color, and blinking by looking at the LED lighting box. The results showed that the glare indexes were higher about 2 times in a decrease of background illuminance from 100lx to 0lx. The glare index of R, G, B light was higher than that of white light. The average glare index of the blue light was higher about 8 times compared to 2,700K. And the blink rate had little effect on the glare, but it affected the irritation. Therefore, the glare effect of light color and blinking needs to be considered for the standard of luminous environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기존 LED 보안등의 LED 광원 직진성에 의한 눈부심 현상을 개선하고, 조도 균제도를 높게 유지하며, 회전 대칭이 아닌 편축으로 긴 배광 분포를 가지도록 하여 LED 보안등 간에 생기는 광 공핍현상을 해결할 수 있는 보안등용 LED 2차 렌즈를 개발하였다. 개발 광학계는 보안등용 조명 기준에 만족하도록 설계하였으며, 렌즈의 형태는 단일 렌즈로 조명 설계 및 해석 프로그램을 이용한 설계와 분석을 통해 최적화를 하였다. Mock-up을 제작하여 실제 측정을 통해 조도 측정 데이터와 조도 균제도 데이터를 확보하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.269-278
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• 2007

Nighttime construction is being adopted by many state DOT's as a way to mitigate the impact of construction operations on the traveling public. Although a number of states have developed standard specifications for nighttime lighting, these standards are usually in the form of generic requirement statements that only specify minimum illuminance levels. The lighting standards do not include specific ways to achieve this illuminance level such as lighting arrangements and configurations for various work zone plans and construction operations. This leaves confusion between the traffic engineers and the contractors and does not guarantee consistency in those plans, thus affecting productivity and safety (lighting conditions account for 18% to 28% of work zone accidents). The main objective of this study is to utilize three dimensional animation and lighting analysis software to study and model lighting conditions of a construction site. This is expected to increase the safety and productivity of construction operations by achieving consistency in work zone lighting schemes. A computerized model was developed, called Nitelite. Various lighting schemes can be studied using the software to provide for typical applications including lighting fixture's locations, luminance, mounting height, tilt angle, and fixture type. The results from the developed software tool were validated through comparisons with previous research conducted using field measurements.