• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

As performance-based design (PBD) has a direct impact on evacuation safety assessments, designing fire scenarios based on real fire tests is essential. To improve the reliability of the PBD for fire safety in multiplexes, information on fire behavior, such as heat release rate (HRR) and fire spread rate, are provided in this study by conducting a standard fabric flammability test. To this end, several chairs were arranged in a pattern that resembled a theater-style seating. The peak HRR and heating value per unit mass for each chair ranged from 415 kW to 988 kW and 15.2 MJ/kg to 23.8 MJ/kg, respectively. The heating values per unit mass of the new and old chairs were 23.6 MJ/kg and 16.7 MJ/kg, respectively. As the quantity of plastic and cushioning materials in the new chairs was more than that of the old ones, the new chairs were more vulnerable to fire hazards. Furthermore, when the chairs were arranged in a line, the fire spread rate was observed to be 0.39-0.42 m/min, regardless of the ignition location. Finally, a fire growth curve showing the peak HRR and fire spread rate was also demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.262-269
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• 2008

Chemical products have had an favorable influence on our everyday life, and contributed very much to the development of human culture. According to the rapid change of industry and the development of scientific technique the using chemical products are increasing more and more. Chemical products can have any hazardous property such as flammability or explosiveness. There are occurring many accidents in the international trade due to the different classification and labelling of chemicals produced in various countries. The main purpose of this work is the development of global standard test methods for the chemicals, and the classification and labelling in building block approach by means of the basic technical data. Oxidizing solids, combustible solids, spontaneously combustible materials, water-prohibitive materials, flammable liquids, self-reactive materials and oxidizing liquids have been tested. The results have been classified according to the hazard material safety regulation and the UN regulation, and summarized in a data-base.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2009

Electrical fires have been occurred continuously in spite of installing ELB. Therefore the concern with the electrical arc-fault that cause the fire has growing. This paper measured series arc fault currents by the method of arc generator test in UL standard 1699. The used analysis methods in this paper are three different ways using DWT(discrete wavelet transform) those are frequently used for the arc fault current signal analysis. The arc fault detection probability is 100 % by method using noise-energy/shoulder-duration ratio of approximation coefficient. As these results, the variation of noise-energy and shoulder-duration ratio of approximation coefficient are founded important factors for the analysis of arc fault.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

The smoke density and noxious gas for phenol foam and polyurethane foam were measured according to test methods in ASTM E 662 and KS F 2271. It was observed that phenol foam had the possibility of application for sandwich panel and board compared with polyurethane foam. In the experimental results, phenol foam showed comparatively excellent property than polyurethane foam in smoke density and noxious gas. The polyurethane foam showed comparatively high smoke density and didn't meet the evaluation standard of noxious gas in KS F 2271. From the experimental results of smoke density and noxious gas, it can be said that phenol foam has both comparatively good safety and high possibility of application than polyurethane foam in the building fire of sandwich panel structure because of lower smoke density and noxious gas.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2007

This study is on the fire resistance evaluation method, expecially on the toxicity of smoke gases generated from the fire, of materials for railway car and structures. Until now, Although international standard related to the quantifying evaluation method of smoke gas is provided but the specific procedure is not contained. On this reason, Test results of toxicity show deviation with the different technique being applied. For now, In advanced railway country, various instrument, like ion chromatography and etc., is used but FT-IR is recommended due to its lots of advantages. while FT-IR has a lot of strong points but still has some problems like water vapor interferences. In this paper, To improve credibility and repeatability of FT-IR it contains some technical solutions in quantifying the 8 toxic components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2016

The membrane structure is being applied in structures for various uses for its many advantages as permeableness, lightweightness, constructability, resource saving, and management cost reduction, and the usage is being expanded. However, despite the development of membrane structure, the standard for architectural membrane performance that considered fire safety is still inadequate. Therefore, this study applied basalt fiber with flame resistance on architectural membrane. Also, this study confirmed the membrane applicability of basalt fiber through comparison with existing architectural membrane.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2005

The advanced country established the test standard (e.g., BS, EN) to measure the toxic gases quantitatively and, have applied to enhance the fire safety of railway car. We must also follow the procedures to use interior material for railway car as stated the Safety regulation for the urban railway car. Currently, various interior materials are used to obtain the fire safety of railway car. The amount of toxic gases moved into the FT-IR gas cell via sampling line from the ISO 5659 chamber using cone heater was measured and compared the results for each materials.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.78-84
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• 2012

In this study, we have conducted a fire resistance experiment under loading condition on standard fire to evaluate the fire resistance performance according to applying reinforcement of methods for reinforcing the lateral confinement of reinforced bars (Wire Rope) and fire resistance reinforcement (Fiber-Cocktail) for 100 MPa high strength concrete column. In the result of the experiment, in case of the test objects applied by hoop, it has been shown as not possible to be applied as the fire resistance structure after satisfying the fire resistance performance for 43 minutes. In case of applying the wire rope as lateral confinement of reinforced bar, instead of hoop in identical volume ratio, it has been shown as possible to apply it to the buildings with under 4 floors after satisfying the fire resistance performance fro 69 minutes with any separate fire resistance process. Also, in case of applying with mixing wire rope method, instead of hoop, and Fiber-Cocktail mix method to prevent spall, it has been shown as possible to apply to the buildings with over 12 floors after satisfying the fire resistance performance for 180 minutes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.29-33
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• 2015

In this study, the relations of flow rate, discharging distance and droplet size are measured in accordance with the nozzle shape. The dual type nozzles of LPN142 and LPN148, which have identical core diameter (6.0 mm) and the different radial injection angles (${\theta}_2=142^{\circ}$ and $148^{\circ}$), are manufactured. The distribution diameters with discharging distance are quantified by UL2167 test standard. The relations between discharging angle and droplet sizes, which are measured by the method of Helium-Neon laser equipment, are obtained by the empirical correlation as working pressure increase. Moreover, the extinction coefficient, which is major parameter of the radiative transport equation (RTE) is analyzed with variable droplet sizes. Thus, it is possible to opt the nozzle's shape by analyzing the relations of working pressure, spray distance, droplet size and fire characteristics at minimum allowable flow rate.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.sup3
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• pp.19-31
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• 2016

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of thickness and moisture on temperature distributions of reinforced concrete walls under fire conditions. Toward this goal, the first three wall specimens having different thicknesses are heated for 2 h according to ISO standard heating curve and the temperature distribution through the wall thickness is measured. Since the thermal behavior of the tested walls is influenced by thickness, as well as moisture content, three additional walls are prepared and preheated to reduce moisture content and then tested under fire exposure. The experimental results clearly show the temperatures measured close to the fire exposed surface of the thickest wall with 250 mm thickness is the highest in the temperatures measured at the same location of the thinner wall with 150 mm thickness because of the moisture clog that is formed inside the wall with 250 mm of thickness. This prevents heat being transferred to the opposite side of the heated surface. This is also confirmed by the thermal behavior of the preheated walls, showing that the temperature is well distributed in the preheated walls as compared to that in non-preheated walls. Finite element models including moisture clog zone are generated to simulate fire tests with consideration of moisture clog effect. The temperature distributions of the models predicted from the transient heat analyses are compared with experimental results and show good agreements. In addition, parametric studies are performed with various moisture contents in order to investigate effect of moisture contents on the thermal behaviors of the concrete walls.