• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

The results of the inspection based on the sanitation checklist and the measurement of refrigerator/freezer temperature, illuminance, and ATP were conducted at 12 school foodservices in Daiyue-district, Taian-city, Shandong Province, China, at the same time, and the results were as follows. Five items of 'Use sterilized cutting boards', 'Use sterilized knives', 'Use worktable after sterilization', 'Use sink after sterilization', 'Sterilize the interior/exterior of the refrigerator regularly' in the checklist inspection were found not to be performed (0%). Two items of 'Disinfect hands after washing', 'Equipped with hand sterilizer' and 'Sterilize the kitchen areas regularly' were investigated as being performed only in one foodservice (8%). The average illuminance of the receiving stand were 373.08±106.35 Lux, 8% when the standard (540 Lux or higher) was complied with, the average refrigerator temperature were 7.06±0.82℃, 38.9% when the standard (-2 to 5℃) was observed 8% of cases complying with the standard (below -18℃) at -8.56±0.76℃ were investigated. As a result of ATP measurement, the surfaces of knife edge, cutting board, refrigerator door handle, worktable, and sink, which are not sterilized at all, were not suitable (accept ratio 0%), sterilized food plate (accept ratio 54.2%) and utensil for preserved food (accept ratio 75%) had a relatively high accept ratio. China's hygiene regulations should be revised in the direction of strengthening disinfection practices for facilities, equipment, and the environment, and hygiene measures such as education on disinfection and preparation of economical disinfection methods should be established.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure some physical environmental factors and to doucument students' perceptions of them. 11 middle schools in Cheju City were divided into four areas according to their locations and two schools were selected for the study. 144 thirteen-year-old students in two middle school in a overcrowded area in Cheju City-one middle school building is insulated and the other is not insulated-were taken for the questionnaire survey. The finding of the study are as follows: 1) The classrooms were not equipped with any heating equipment. The buildings are not insulated well. As a result, the room temperature was much lower(12.9-16.2℃) than comfortable indoor temperature in winter(21.5-24.5℃). The classroom were found to be colder(12.9-16.2℃) than usual pleasant indoor temperature(21.5-24.5℃) in winter. 2) The classroom were so far from the street(20m) that there was little noise from traffic. Nevertheless, the noise level was higher(62.5-66.2 dB(A), when the windows were open; 51.7-62.8dB(A), when closed than the noise tolerance level specified in the Environment Protection Laws(50.0dB(A)). 3) As for the visual environment, the location of classroom, the adequate sun exposure, and the total states of windows in classrooms influenced on the illuminance. While standard indoor illuminance is 300 Lux, the classrooms facing south had illuminance of 231 Lux, from day light: and the ones facing west, 380 Lux. 4) Students generally found other aspects of the physical environment of their classrooms unsatisfactory. Chalk dust was generated to a serious extent near the main chalkboard(0.25mg/㎥) of classrooms.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2004

A Reasonable lighting should be provided for doing night work. All works far construction site can be exposed to potential hazard at night work The purpose of this study is to provide a standard of the lighting against accidents due to insufficient lighting at site. one pilot tea one at building work site, one at mad work site of it have been conducted for figuring out illumination change depending worker's activity direction, using lux checker to show it as numerical indication. The direction are changed with a range of 30, 60, 90, and 135 degree to be checked at site. Tests results show that $10\%\;and\;15\%$ of lighting could be decreased by changing the working direction of works at site. Therefore, steep slope place, cave work and backside of structural elements such as a column, deep beam should be considered for keeping sufficient and reasonable lighting. It is found that $50\%more$ illumination Lux needs f3r civil work than for building work.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2004

본 연구는 경로당 실내환경 적 요소를 평가하여 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울지역 14개 경로당을 방문하여 노인들의 접근성$.$이동성에 주요 영향 인자인 편의요소를 체크리스트에 기초하여 평가하였고, 조명과 색채환경을 조사하였으며, 경로당 이용자 중 124명을 대상으로 색채선호도를 설문 조사하였다. 조사결과, 1. 체크리스트의 39항목에 대한 설치율은 59%였고 접근 허용치수와 같은 의무조항에 대한 이행율은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이동과 안전에 관한 항목은 이행정도가 낮았으므로 유도레일이나 목적지까지의 블록 설치, 장애물 제거 등이 재 고려되어야 한다. 2.평균조도는 기준치 300 Lux에 근접한 289 Lux였으나, 노인들의 원활한 활동을 지원하기에는 조명의 질이 열악하였으므로 질적 향상을 위한 조명조절기구 설치, 다양한 조명원 선택, 적절한 조명부착 및 설치 방법 등 이 적용되어야한다. 3. 대부분의 시설들은 난색상, 중명도나 고명도, 저채도 경향이 짙었으며 유사조화의 내츄럴한 분위기였다. 이는 기능적이라 할 수는 없으나 배색에 따른 분위기를 제외하고는 색채선호도에 대한 설문조사 결과와 상당부분 일치하였다. 따라서 기능성 향상을 위해 대비효과를 좀 더 주고 사용자들의 선호분위기인 클래식이나 로맨틱 이미지를 주는 배색이 권장된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

Nowadays, a new word called SBS(sick building syndrome) has been come into existence. Since most people spend a large majority of their time indoors, indoor air may affect human health more than outdoor air. This outline survey was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in singing room and PC room. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon dioxide, total suspended particulate, airborne microbes) and Thermocircumstance(temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) were observed from October 1 to 31, 2001. As results of the survey, the mom values of thermocircumstance in singing room and PC room were $22.1^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 37.1% of humidity, 75 Lux of intensity of illumination and $22.0^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 52.6% of humidity, 135 Lux of intensity of illumination, respectively. The mean concentrations of carbon dioxide were 1589 ppm in singing room and 615 ppm in PC room, respectively The concentrations of carbon dioxide in singing room were higher than the indoor environmental standard of the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service which is showed at public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentrations of total suspended particulate were $0.33{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $0.57{\;}mg/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room respectively. The mean concentrations of airborne microbe were $16{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in singing room and $12{\;}CFU/\textrm{m}^3$ in PC room, respectively.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2축의 태양추적장치에 프레넬 렌즈를 장착한 fiber-optic 설비형 자연채광시스템의 효율성에 대하여 이론적 분석을 수행하였다. ECOTECT와 RADIANCE를 기반으로 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하여 다양한 조건하에서 자연채광 시스템뿐만 아니라 형광등을 이용한 인공조명에 대한 실내 조도분석과 함께 실측 데이터와의 비교연구를 수행하였다. 형광등을 이용한 실내조명의 경우, 평균조도는 사무실 실내 조도 기준을(KS A 3011 일반 사무실 [G]등급[300-400-600lux]) 충분히 만족하는 결과를 보여주었다. 한편, 디퓨져를 사용한 자연채광시스템의 경우도 사무실 실내 조도 기준을 넘는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1996

The magnetic fibrous polymeric oil filter elements for industrial lub-systems were obtained by pneumoextrusion processing prepared from thermoplastic pqlymer (polyamide) containing a magnetic particulate filler (Ba ferrite), and treated subsequently in a magnetic fields. Using the standard laboratory oil filtration test rig, metallic particle quantifier and image analyser system, the dependence of filtration charateristics of the magnetic filter media on the parameters of porosity and magnetic properties was investigated. The pressure drops and efficiencies of lubricating filter elements were measured on the packing density and magnetised filler content of filter element. Also, the industrial lub-systems such as lubricant filters for gear test rig and electric discharge processing machine were used for testing the flitrational characteristics of tl, c magnetised filter elements. The magnetic fibrous polymeric filter material was shown to possess a highly filtration efficiency in filtering the fine ferrous particles with increasing the magnetic force of filter element. Therefore, it is expected that the magnetic fibrous polymeric filter material should be used for effective oil filrers on the industrial lub-systems.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2020

Due to the large window area, the lighting environment of the educational space between the window and deep part of the room is not uniformly illuminated, and the phenomenon of glare is severe. For this reason, the daylight performance of DSC-BIPV windows was analyzed in order to improve the natural lighting in the educational sector. The method derives the correlation with natural lighting by measurement and simulation. Dynamic simulation confirmed that the average illuminance of the target space was higher at later than the early afternoon. The performance of natural lighting at 40% and 30% transmission of DSC has the effect of significantly reducing the amount of excess light in existing windows. Nevertheless, the actual average illuminance in all seasons corresponds to the standard illuminance of the educational facility, 300 Lux. In addition, the uniformity is also seen through the skylight illuminance ratio.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1972

To study the effect of IAA on the growth of Chlorella, the alage wre cultured on the media for six days by bubbling $_{2}$ enriched air under 10K lux at 20-$25^{\circ}C$. The culture media were made by adding a concentration of $10^{-3}$M, $10^{-4}$M, and 0M(as a control) IAA to the standard media. During the period of culture, Chlorella was smapled for the given time of interval and photosynthetic and respiratory activities were measured by Warburg manometer and change of chemical components of Chlorella was determined by spectrophotometry after the Chlorella cell was fractionated by Schmidt-Thannhauser method. 1) Photosynthetic and respiratory activities were enhanced by IAA ; especially the enhancement of respiratory activity was so remarkable. 2) As to the chemical components of Chlorella, carbohydrates and amino acids were reduced a little but phosphate, RNA, DNA, and protein were increased by $10^{-3}$M IAA ; the increase of RNA, in particular, was noticable. 3) The above results suggest that the enhancement of growth of Chlorella, by IAA and ATP induced by respiratory activity accelerated with IAA enhanced RNA synthesis, resulting in an increase of protein synthesis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.126-144
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• 1974

1. 사육수조에서 교모 포난시킨 친하로부터 부화된 유생을 순환식 이중수조내에서 수온 $26\pm0.3^{\circ}C$, Chlorioity $6.21-6.45\%$ Cl., pH $8.\~8.1$, 조도 3,000 lux의 조건하에서 Artemia salina nauplius를 먹이로 급여하여 사육했다. 2. 동일영기군에서 출현하는 개체변이체(숙성이)와 표준형개체 사이의 형태적 차이를 비교하여 숙성이의 출현영기와 관련이 있는 제4영기로부터 제9영기의 각 부속지의 발생과정을 관찰한 결과, 본종에 있어서도 개체성장의 변이에 의한 숙성이가 출현하기 쉬운 영기(제5영기와 제7영기)가 존재하며 이 현상이 일어나게 되는 원인은 섭이요인과 관련이 큰 것으로 보인다. 3. 동일영기군의 숙성이를 외형적인 형태학적 면으로 기관의 분화정도로써 표준형의 개체와 비교 조사한 결과 동일영기군에서 출현하는 숙성이의 각 부여기관은 부분적으로는 영기가 발전된 개체의 특징도 구비하지만 또 다른 면으로는 그 영기의 표준형의 특징도 구비하고 있다. 그래서, 각 영기의 특징은 개체의 크기에 관계없이 동일영기의 특징을 부분적으로나마 명확히 보유하고 있었다. 한편 본종에 있어서의 개체변이체는 한 영기를 완전히 비약성약하여 그 다음 영기로 이행하는 것이 아니고 부속기관의 분화속도가 부분적으로 이시성을 나타낼 따름이므로 완전한 skipping 현상은 관찰할 수 없었다. 4. 유생의 부속기의 발생분화는 일과적으로 개체변이가 크지만 환경요인의 변화에 따라 안정성을 가지는 부분과 이와 반대로 변이의 감수성이 큰 두 부분으로 나눌 수 있으며 따라서 한 개체내의 각 부속기의 분화, 발생은 부위에 따라 이시성을 가지고 있는 것 같다. 5. 각 영기의 노정은 종래와 같이 탈피후의 1개체의 전체 부속기의 변화된 정도에 따라 정할 것이아니라 전술한 환경요인의 변동에 대해서 극히 안정성을 띄는 부속기관을 지표로 하여 정하는 것이 타당할 것 같다.