• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere of Pocheon City by measuring heavy metals in the industrial complex area and at the city air measuring station, and also to assess the degree of impact that the industrial area has on urban air quality. Methods: Sampling was carried out between February 2018 and November 2018 at two sites in the industrial complex and in the city air monitoring stations. Results: At the industrial complex in Pocheon City, air pollutant emitting businesses were emitting concentrations of fine dust (PM₁₀) between 45 and 60 ㎍/㎥ higher than in the city air. The daily maximum concentrations of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) in the industrial complex are below the WHO recommendation standard (annual average), and the impact on the urban atmosphere is judged to be insignificant. Three to five percent of fine dust (PM₁₀) consists of metallic materials, and as the fine dust increased, metals were detected proportionally. Although cadmium (Cd) and beryllium (Be) were not detected in the city air in Pocheon and chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) were found to be 50 percent or less, it is deemed that copper (Cu) was detected at unusually high levels due to unknown air pollutants, which requires regular heavy metal measurement and cause verification. Conclusions: An analysis of the heavy metals in the industrial zone and the urban atmosphere in Pocheon City in this study showed that the linear relationship of heavy metals in the industrial zone, or the direct impact relationship, on the heavy metals in the urban atmosphere could not be estimated. The sampling device for equivalent assessment of particulate matter installed at air pollution monitoring stations is highly likely to be used for analysis of fine dust and heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate unit care characteristics of large skilled nursing facilities for the elderly, which are located in city areas, and to discuss the way of encouraging home-like atmosphere in perspective of spatial unit. First of all, the analysis of five facilities opened before 2002 was performed, based on previous studies, to compare with them opened in recent 5 years. Most of the previous facilities did not have differentiation between their residential and nursing units, and the number of residents in each unit were excessive in comparison with the standard limit(12-28). On the contrary, the facilities established in recent 5 years had systematic spatial unit structure. The residential units had basically rooms and spaces for small group and the number of elderly residents per unit was appropriate on the basis of standard limit which was suggested by Kwon(2002). The nursing units were consist of nursing station, 2-3 residential units, spaces for large group of residents, hair dressing, nurse, living assistant, bathing, storage and etc. But, there was a problem In space usage even though they have distinct unit care systems. Some spaces for groups were empty without residents, furniture, and other equipments, which were necessary for unit care.

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

Due to several difficulties, a number of Automatic Weather Systems (AWS) operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) are located on the rooftop so that the forming of standard observation environment to obtain the accuracy is needed. Therefore, the air temperature of AWSs on the synthetic lawn and the concrete of the rooftop is compared with the standard observation temperature. The hourly mean temperature is obtained by monthly and hourly mean value and the difference of temperature is calculated according to the location, the weather phenomenon, and cloud amount. The maximum and the minimum temperatures are compared by the conditions, such as cloud amount, the existence of precipitation or not. Consequently, the temperature on the synthetic lawn is higher than it on the concrete so that it is difficult to obtain same effect from ASOS, on the contrary the installation of AWS on the synthetic lawn seem to be inadequate due to heat or cold source of the building.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2013

The carbon-offset mechanism based on forest management has been recognized as a meaningful tool to sequestrate carbons already existing in the atmosphere. Thus, with an emphasis on the forest-originated carbon-offset mechanism, the accurate measurement of the carbon stock in forests has become important, as carbon credits should be issued proportionally with forest carbon stocks. Various remote sensing techniques have already been developed for measuring forest carbon stocks. Yet, despite the efficiency of remote sensing techniques, the final accuracy of their carbon stock estimations is disputable. Therefore, minimizing the uncertainty embedded in the application of remote sensing techniques is important to prevent questions over the carbon stock evaluation for issuing carbon credits. Accordingly, this study reviews the overall procedures of carbon stock evaluation-related remote sensing techniques and identifies the problematic technical issues when measuring the carbon stock. The procedures are sub-divided into four stages: the characteristics of the remote sensing sensor, data preparation, data analysis, and evaluation. Depending on the choice of technique, there are many disputable issues in each stage, resulting in quite different results for the final carbon stock evaluation. Thus, the establishment of detailed standards for each stageis urgently needed. From a policy-making perspective, the top priority should be given to establishinga standard sampling technique and enhancing the statistical analysis tools.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2009

Recently, the level of science and technology in our country has reached the level of the advanced countries. However, the level of standards/specifications was insufficient for support. In this study, after a review of the international atmosphere on defense specifications/standards and an investigation of the domestic present situation, three different perspectives of improvement scheme for the defense specifications/standard system are presented. First, in the defense standard classification system perspective, specifications, standards and handbook were defined based on their characteristic and properties. Second, in the perspective concerning the establishment procedure of defense standards/specifications, the bottom-up approach was suggested. Finally, in the perspective of the 'defense standards/specifications instructions', a reinforced drawing number system and other factors to overcome the current limitations are provided.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.43.3-43.3
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• 2016

We present a library of high-resolution (R~45,000) and high signal-to-noise ratio ($S/N{\geq}200$) near-infrared spectra of 147 standard stars. High quality spectra were obtained with Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) covering the full range of H ($1.496-1.795{\mu}m$) and K ($2.080-2.460{\mu}m$) bands. The targets are mainly selected as MK standard stars which have well-defined spectral types and luminosity classes, and cover a wide range of effective temperatures and surface gravities. The spectra were corrected for telluric absorption lines and absolute flux calibrated using Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry. We find new spectral indices in H and K bands and provide their EWs. We describe empirical relations between the measured EWs and stellar atmosphere parameters such as effective temperature and surface gravity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.E3
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• pp.99-120
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• 2003

Visibility impairment in an urban area is mainly caused by airborne fine particulate matters. Visibility in a clean air environment is more sensitive to the change of PM$_{2.5}$ particle concentrations. However, a proportionally larger reduction in fine particle concentration is needed to achieve a small increment of visibility improvement in polluted areas. Continuous optical monitoring of atmospheric visibility and extensive aerosol measurements have been made in the urban atmosphere of Kwangju, Korea. The mean for fine particulate mass from 1999 to 2002 at Kwangju was measured to be 23.6$\pm$20.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. The daily average seasonal visual range was measured to be 13.1, 9.2, 11.0, and 13.9 km in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The mean light extinction budgets by sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon, and elemental carbon aerosol were observed to be 27, 14, 22, and 12%, respectively. It is highly recommended that a new visibility standard and/or a fine particle standard be established in order to protect the health and welfare of general public. Much more work needs to be done in visibility studies, including long-term monitoring of visibility, improvement of visibility models, and formulating integrated strategies for managing fine particles to mitigate the visibility impairment and climate change.e.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2023

Hydrogen gas is light and diffuses very quickly. Therefore, when a leakage accident occurs, the damage is great, so a technology that can quickly measure the leakage in the air at a long distance is needed. In order to develop hydrogen gas leaked in the atmosphere in a non-contact manner, an experiment was performed to measure hydrogen gas using a lidar technology using the Raman effect. Hydrogen Raman signals were detected using a UV LED light source, which is a Raman light source, and a spectrometer in the ultraviolet region including an optical filter in the 400-430 nm band. To develop this, a Raman lidar optical structure was designed to measure the hydrogen Raman signal at a certain distance, and the hydrogen Raman spectrum was confirmed using a standard gas to evaluate the performance of this optical structure. The linearity was found to be 0.99 using hydrogen standard gas (10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 ppm). Accordingly, a Raman lidar capable of measuring hydrogen gas rapidly diffusing in the air in an open state was developed to improve the limitations of existing hydrogen sensors.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

Occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry are statutory and separately included in the cost statement to prevent occupational accidents and health problems. The expenses are determined by multiplying the standard amount by the rate decided according to construction types and scales. However, the current expense appropriation method does not properly reflect the recent changes in the construction industry such as industry size, industry diversification, and social atmosphere about safety reinforcement. This study surveyed 1579 questionnaires in total and analyzed expense execution rate and proportion of each expense category. The expense execution rate was relative higher in complex construction (e.g., heavy construction = 126%, civil engineering = 125%) and long-period project (equal to or over 48 months construction = 133%) compared to general construction (98~116%) and short-period project (less than 48 months construction = 115%). The proportion of spending expenses was higher in the category of safety manager labor costs (25~52%), safety facility costs (22~40%), and personal protective equipment costs (10~25%). The analysis results of the study can be utilized in revising the standard expense appropriation method by reflecting the current usages of the occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2008

Since the atmospheric clearness index is main factor for evaluating global-dimming of atmosphere environment, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the major cities in Korea. We have begun collecting clearness index data since 1982 at 16 different cities and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each city. The new clearness data for global-dimming analysis will be extensively used by evaluating atmospheric environment as well as by solar PV application system designer or users. From the results, we can conclude that 1) Yearly mean 61.9 % of the atmospheric clearness index was evaluated for clear day all over 2) A significant difference of atmospheric clearness index is observed between 1982-1989 and1990-1997, 1998-2005 through 16 different cities in Korea.