• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides the IGS-Real Time Service (IGS-RTS) corrections that can be used in stand-alone positioning in real time. In this study, the positioning accuracy before and after the application of the corrections to broadcast ephemeris by applying the IGS-RTS corrections at code pseudo-range based stand-alone positioning was compared with positioning result using precise ephemeris. The analysis result on IGS-RTS corrections showed that orbit error and clock error were 0.05 m and 0.5 ns compared to precise ephemeris and accuracy improved by about 8.5% compared to the broadcast ephemeris-applied result when the IGS-RTS was applied to positioning. Furthermore, regionally dispersed five observatories were selected to analyze the effect of external environments on positioning accuracy and positioning errors according to location and time were compared as well as the number of visible satellites and position dilution of precision by observatory were analyzed to verify a correlation with positioning error.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

The position accuracy of the stand-alone Regional Navigation Satellite System (RNSS) users is more than tens of meters because of various error sources in satellite navigation signals. This paper focuses on wide-area differential (WAD) positioning technique, which is already applied in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), in order to improve the position accuracy of RNSS users. According to the simulation results in the very narrow ground network in regional area, the horizontal position error of stand-alone RNSS is about RMS 11.6 m, and that of RNSS with WAD technique, named the WAD-RNSS, is about RMS 2.5 m. The accuracy performance has improved by about 78%.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2016

저가형 GNSS (global navigation satellite system) 수신 모듈에 DGNSS (differential GNSS) 서비스를 적용하기 위한 방안으로 거리 영역의 보정정보를 위치 영역으로 투영한 후, stand-alone으로 산출한 위치에 적용하는 DGNSS-CP 방식이 제안된 바 있다. DGNSS-CP 를 상용 수신기 또는 휴대폰에 적용하기 위해서는 항법 방정식의 관측행렬을 이용하여 위치영역 투영 방정식을 구성하므로, 각 위성의 시선벡터를 산출하여야 한다. GNSS 항법 메시지, 배치 정보 등이 시선벡터 산출을 위하여 사용되는데, 각 방법에 따라 정확도와 연산량 등의 성능에 차이가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 제시된 두 가지 시선벡터 산출 방식에 따라 DGNSS-CP의 성능에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지 확인하기 위하여, Septentrio PolaRx4 Pro 수신기에서 stand-alone mode 로 저장된 데이터에 해당 알고리즘을 적용하였고, 배치 정보를 사용하는 방법이 궤도정보를 사용하는 방법에 비해 정확도 면에서는 그 성능이 RMS (root mean square) 0.1 m 가량 저하되는 반면, 연산량은 약 1/15수준으로 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.2745-2752
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• 2014

미래의 교통체계를 대비하기 위하여 차량 전자장비의 기술도 급속히 발전하고 있다. 특히, 자율주행의 연구는 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 정확하고 믿을 수 있는 위치결정이 가장 중요한 요구사항이다. 그러나 도심지역에서 위치결정의 가장 큰 문제점은 위선 신호 단절과 다중경로 오차이다. 본 논문에서는 GPS(Global Positioning System) 단독으로 이상신호를 판단하고 이를 제거 또는 측정치를 추정하여 위치결정하는 방법을 제안하였다. GPS 신호만으로 다중경로 혹은 위성신호차단을 판단하기 위하여 앙각과 신호잡음비 데이터간의 연관관계를 정의하였으며, 이를 기준으로 측정치를 추정할 것인지 제거할 것인지를 결정하며, 정상상태 신호의 시차분 측정치를 이용하여 현재 측정치를 추정할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘의 효용성을 검증하기 위하여 차량을 이용하여 도심에서 실험을 수행하였다. 제안한 이상신호 판단 기준을 통하여 전체 실험 수행구간중 이상신호는 11% 발생하였으며, 크게는 100m가량의 오차를 보였다. 이러한 이상신호를 제거하거나 측정치를 추정하여 위치결정 결과 수평측위오차가 RMS 9.48m 향상되었다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a stand-alone precise positioning approach. As the quality of satellite orbit and clock products from analysis centers has been improved, PPP can provide more precise positioning accuracy and reliability. A combined use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) in PPP is now available. In this paper, we explained about an approach for combined GPS and GLONASS PPP measurement processing, and validated the performance through the comparison with GPS-only PPP results. We also used the measurement obtained from the GRAS reference station for the performance validation. As a result, we found that the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP can yield a more precise positioning than the GPS-only PPP.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2019

A decade has passed since the first generation of Genesis was launched in the U.S. with the plaque of Hyundai-Genesis. Genesis Motors was separated from Hyundai Motor in 2015, and has struggled to have the Genesis stand alone in the competitive U.S. luxury sedan market. The present case study aims to find challenges facing the Genesis, which Hyundai has positioned as a luxury sedan competing against conventional luxury brands such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Lexus; evaluate Genesis Motors' strategic response to meet these challenges; and explore an alternative positioning strategy. Specifically, the present case study addresses barriers against the Genesis' market performance, by focusing on the obstacles rooted in the consumer perception as well as the obstacles that stem from the change in the U.S. automobile industry and the nascent network of the Genesis dealership. Genesis Motors' current strategies are evaluated, and an alternative strategy is explored that is largely based on the American consumers' perceptions of the Genesis vis-a-vis conventional luxury brands and outperforming midsize brands.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

The precise identification of vehicle positions, known as the vehicle localization problem, is an important requirement for building intelligent vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs). To solve this problem, two categories of solutions are proposed: stand-alone and data fusion approaches. Compared to stand-alone approaches, which use single information including the global positioning system (GPS) and sensor-based navigation systems with differential corrections, data fusion approaches analyze the position information of several vehicles from GPS and sensor-based navigation systems, etc. Therefore, data fusion approaches show high accuracy. With the position information on a set of vehicles in the preprocessing stage, data fusion approaches is used to estimate the precise vehicular location in the local map building stage. This paper proposes an efficient local map building scheme, which increases the accuracy of the estimated vehicle positions via V2V communications. Even under the low ratio of vehicles with communication modules on the road, the proposed local map building scheme showed high accuracy when estimating the vehicle positions. From the experimental results based on the parameters of the practical vehicular environments, the accuracy of the proposed localization system approached the single lane-level.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.351-353
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• 2006

In this paper, we present the traditional GPS Position- Velocity (PV) model to apply for both Discrete-Time Kalman Filter and Discrete-Time $H_{\infty}$ Filter. The positioning algorithms of both filters are proposed for a stand-alone low-cost GPS module to increase its accuracy. For disturbance cancellation, the Kalman Filter requires the statistical information about process and measurement noises while the $H_{\infty}$ Filter only requires that these noises are bounded. Experiments show that with the same measurement data, $H_{\infty}$ Filter gives us better positioning results compared with Least-Squared method and Kalman Filter.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

As GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) is used in various filed, many countries establish GNSS system independently. But GNSS system has the limitation of accuracy and stability in stand-alone mode, because this system has error elements which are ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, orbit ephemeris error, satellite clock error, and etc. For overcome of accuracy limitation, the DGPS(Differential GPS) and RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) systems are proposed. These systems perform relative positioning using the reference and user receivers. ETRI(Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) is developing precision navigation system in point of extension of GNSS usage. The precision navigation system is for providing the precision navigation solution to common users. If this technology is developed, GNSS system can be used in the fields which require precision positioning and control. In this paper, we introduce the precision navigation system and perform design and algorithm verification.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1846-1855
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 저비용 단일 GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) 수신기를 이용하여 정밀한 위치를 추정하는 방법으로 반송파 위상 TD(Time Differenced) 측정치를 이용한 상대위치 결정기법을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 제안하는 상대위치 결정기법은 반송파 위상 측정치를 활용하지만 시각 간 차분을 사용하므로 하나의 GNSS 수신기로 동작하며, 미지정수 결정 문제를 고려하지 않아도 된다. 또한 차분 간격이 짧은 시간일 경우 공간적 공통오차 및 위성시계 오차를 효율적으로 제거할 수 있다. 제안하는 위치결정 알고리즘은 오차해석을 통해 코드측정치를 이용한 절대위치 결정기법보다 성능이 우수함을 증명하고 실차 실험으로 구현된 알고리즘 및 오차해석 결과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 위치추정 성능은 약 10분 동안 3m이내에 수렴하여 코드기반의 절대위치기법에 비하여 약 4배 이상 향상된 정확도 및 정밀도를 확인할 수 있었다.