• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2011

Lean duplex stainless steels have been developed in Korea for the purpose of being used in the seawater systems of industry. There are also many important seawater systems in nuclear power plants. These systems supply seawater to cooling water condenser tubes, heat exchanger tubes, related pipes and chlorine injection systems. The flow velocity of some part of seawater systems in nuclear power plants is high and damages of components from corrosion are severe. The considered lean duplex stainless steels are STS329LD (20.3Cr-2.2Ni-1.4Mo) and STS329J3L (22.4Cr-5.7Ni-3Mo) and PRENs of them are 29.4 and 37.3 respectively. Physical, mechanical and micro-structural properties of them are evaluated, and electrochemical corrosion resistance is measured quantitatively in NaCl solution. Critical Pitting Temperatures (CPT)s are measured on these alloys and pit depths are evaluated using laser microscope. Long period field tests on these alloys are now being performed, and some results are going to be presented in the following study.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The energy slab is a ground coupled heat exchanger equipped in building slab structures, which represents a layout similar to the horizontal ground heat exchanger (GHEX). The energy slab is installed as one component of the floor slab layers in order to utilize the underground structure as a hybrid energy structure. However, as the energy slab is horizontally arranged, its thermal performance is inevitably less than the conventional vertical GHEXs. Therefore, stainless steel (STS) pipes are alternatively considered as a heat exchanger instead of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes in order to enhance thermal performance of GHEXs. Moreover, not only a floor slab but also a wall slab can be utilized as a heat-exchangeable energy slab in order to maximize the use of underground space effectively. In this paper, four field-scale energy slabs were constructed in a test bed, which consist of the STS and HDPE pipe, and a series of thermal response tests (TRTs) was conducted to evaluate relative heat exchange efficiency per unit pipe length according to the pipe material and the configuration of energy slabs. The energy slab equipped with the STS pipe shows higher thermal performance than the energy slab with the HDPE pipe. In addition, thermal performance of the wall-type energy slab is almost equivalent to the floor-type energy slab.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

최근 건축물의 대형화, 복잡화로 인하여 화재 발생 시 그 피해가 증가하고 있어 수계소화설비에서 스프링클러설비의 중요성이 확대되고 있다. 소방용 배관재로는 탄소강관(일반배관용·압력배관용), CPVC관, 동관, 스테인리스강관 등이 있으며, 소방용 배관으로 널리 사용되고 있는 강관배관 및 CPVC관에 대하여 배관의 노화를 고려한 부식계수 적용 시 말단헤드에서의 유량과 압력을 분석하기 위해 PIPENET 수리계산프로그램을 사용하여 수계시스템의 신뢰성을 분석하였다. 강관을 적용하였을 경우 배관 구경이 동일한 조건에서 20년경과(C값 90)후 지하 1층에 설치된 펌프에서의 정격유량은 10% 이상 감소하였으며, 말단헤드에서의 압력과 유량은 각각 30%, 16.5% 이상 감소하여 소방시설의 신뢰성 확보에 문제가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 30년(C값 80) 경과 시 펌프에서의 정격유량은 15% 이상 감소하였으며, 말단헤드에서의 압력과 유량은 각각 42%, 24% 이상 감소하는 것으로 결과 값이 도출되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2013

In this study, dynamic characteristics and seismic capacity of the nuclear power plant piping system are evaluated by model test results using multi-platform shake table. The model is 21.2 m long and consists of straight pipes, elbows, and reducers. The stainless steel pipe diameters are 60.3 mm (2 in.) and 88.9 mm (3 in.) and the system was assembled in accordance with ASME code criteria. The dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency, damping and acceleration responses of the piping system were estimated using the measured acceleration, displacement and strain data. The natural frequencies of the specimen were not changed significantly before and after the testing and the failure and leakage of the piping system was not observed until the final excitation. The damping ratio was estimated in the range of 3.13 ~ 4.98 % and it is found that the allowable stress(345 MPa) according to ASME criteria is 2.5 times larger than the measured maximum stress (138 MPa) of the piping system even under the maximum excitation level of this test.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

본 연구는 최근 수계소화설비 배관에 적용되고 있는 스테인리스 강관용 프레스식 관이음쇠에 대한 내진성능 연구를 수행한다. 연구를 위한 설비의 구성은 NFPA 13의 배관연결방법으로 하였다. 배관의 허용변위량은 건축구조기준에서 제시한 허용량으로 하였고, 반복회수는 10회로 하였다. 실험 후 배관의 Von-mises 응력은 허용응력의 2.48, 1.25배로 NPPs Allowable Stress for Level D service loading의 "허용응력의 3배"인 기준 보다는 적게 나타났다. 따라서 프레스식 관이음쇠는 내진성능을 갖추고 있는 것으로 판단 할 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2001

Three dimensional, elastic-plastic finite element(FE) analyses for circumferential through-wall cracked pipes under combined tension and bending are performed using actual tensile data of stainless steel, for two purposes. The first one is to validate the recently-proposed enhanced reference stress (ERS) method to estimate the J-integral and COD for circumferential through-wall cracked pipes under combined tension and bending. The second one is to compare those results with the GE/EPRI estimations. The FE results of the J-integral and the COD, resulting from six cases of proportional and non-proportional combined tension and bending, compare very well with those estimated from the proposed method. Excellent agreements of the proposed method with the detailed FE results provide sufficient confidence in the use of the proposed method to the Leak-Before-Break(LBB) analysis of through-wall cracked pipes under combined tension and bending.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2016

Many industries need the universal standard or technique to obtain the identical CCT regardless of specimen geometries. This study aimed to determine an appropriate applied torque to the cylindrical specimen defining the apparatus and the procedure to measure the temperature of initiating crevice corrosion in tubular shape products such as pipes, tubes and round rods etc; the test method also proved applicable to the plate type specimen. A series of experiments for CCT measurements with the plate type and cylindrical stainless steel specimens of various diameters with different microstructures (austenitic and duplex) and PRENs were conducted to determine the relationship among geometries on CCT. Thus, the apparatus that could measure the CCT of stainless steels with both plate and cylindrical geometries was newly designed. The use of the apparatus facilitated the same CCT value for both geometries only if the specimens were made of the same alloy. The applied torque can be calculated for various diameters of the cylindrical specimens using the following relation; Applied torque, $Nm=-0.0012D^2+0.019D+2.4463$ (D; the diameter of cylindrical specimen, mm). However, upwards of 35 mm diameter cylindrical specimens require 1.58Nm, which is the same torque for the plate type specimen; in addition, this test method cannot be used for cylindrical specimens of less than 15 mm diameter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.426-433
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• 2019

지진의 2차사고 중 화재 및 가스 폭발에 의한 사고는 아파트형 주거 형태와 대형 복합화 된 건물이 많은 도시 일수록 인명피해의 우려가 커지게 되고, 이를 방지하기 위하여 화재 방호 계통 스프링클러 시스템의 경우 내진 설계가 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 하지만 현재 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 화재 방호 계통 스프링클러 시스템 배관은 대부분 스테인리스 계열의 금속 파이프를 사용하고 있고 일부 특수 위치에서 합성수지 계열의 파이프를 사용하고 있어 진동 및 지진 등에 취약한 소재가 적용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌(Polyethylene, 이하 : PE)과 알루미늄(Aluminum, 이하 : Al)의 다층구조 복합관이 보유한 변위 흡수 유연성이 진동 환경과 지진 발생에 대한 내진 성능을 상승 시키는 특성으로 판단하였고, PE-Al-PE 복합관을 기존 스테인리스 관, PE관과 비교하여 내진 성능을 실험 하였다. 내진 특성은 스프링클러 파이프가 전달하는 진동의 양과 범위를 측정하면 진동에 대한 흡수 정도를 알 수 있고 이는 지진에 대하여 대상체가 자체적으로 진동을 감쇠하는 내진 특성 판단의 방법으로 횡 형 진동 측정법으로 발생한 진동의 최초 응답 변위에 대한 대수 감쇠율을 비교하여 파이프의 내진 특성을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2552-2564
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• 2020

The crevice stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels was evaluated in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) environments. To simulate the abnormal condition in temporary clamping devices on leaking small bore pipes, crevice bent beam (CBB) tests were performed in the oxygenated as well as hydrogenated conditions. No SCC cracks were found for SS316 in both conditions. SS304 also showed good resistance in the hydrogenated condition. However, all SS304 specimens showed SCC cracks in the oxygenated condition, indicating poor crevice SCC resistance. It was found that residual ferrites were selectively dissolved because of the galvanic corrosion coupled with the neigh-bouring austenite phase, resulting in SCC initiation in SS304. Crack morphologies were mostly transgranular assisted by the damaged δ-ferrite and deformation-induced slip bands.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

In this paper, the response of an underground fibreglass reinforced plastic (FRP) composite pipe system subjected to realistic loading scenarios that may be experienced by an actual buried pipeline is investigated. The model replicates an arbitrary site with a length of buried pipeline, passing through a $90^{\circ}$ bend and into a valve pit. Various loading conditions, which include effects of pipe pressurization, differences in response between stainless steel and fibreglass composite pipes and severe loss of bed-soil support are studied. In addition to pipe response, the resulting soil stresses and ground settlement are also analysed. Furthermore, the locations of potential leakage and burst have also been identified by evaluating the contact pressures at the joints and by comparing stresses to the pipe hoop and axial failure strengths.