• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7765-7768
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of wound complications after laparotomy for endometrial cancer and significant predictors of risks. Medical records of patients with endometrial cancer undergoing laparotomy for surgical staging at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University between January 2007 and December 2013 were reviewed. Intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was routinely given 30 minutes before surgery. The primary endpoint was wound complications (including seroma, hematoma, separation, or infection) requiring additional medical and/or surgical management within 4 weeks of laparotomy. During the study period, 357 patients with complete medical records were reviewed. The mean age was 56.9 years. Wound complications were observed in 28 patients (7.84%, 95% CI, 5.27% to 11.14%). Body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}30kg/m^2$, diabetes mellitus (DM), and prior abdominal surgery were observed as significant independent factors predicting an increased risk of wound complications with adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of 2.96 (1.23-7.16), 2.43 (1.06-5.54), and 3.05 (1.03-8.98), respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of wound complications after laparotomy for endometrial cancer was 7.8%. Significant independent predictors of risk included BMI, DM and prior abdominal surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2016

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of chronic persistent post-surgical pain (CPPP) and the role of signal transduction genes in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary. Methods: The present observational study was undertaken following institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent from all the participants. A total 21 patients of ASA grade I to III with age 20-70 years, scheduled for elective staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary were included. Patients were excluded if had other causes of pain, cognitive dysfunction or chronic neurological disorders. Statistical analysis of pool data was done using SPSS version-17. For various scales like GPE, PDQ, NPSI, the visual analogue scale (VAS), global perceived effect (GPE), the pain DETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and neuropathic pain symptoms inventory (NPSI), one factor repaeted measure ANOVA applied with simple contrast with baseline as on post-operative day 1 (considered as reference and compared with subsequent time-interval), and the P values were adjusted according to "Bonferroni adjustments". In patients with CPPP, the ${\Delta}ct$ values of mRNA expressions of genes at the end of postoperative day 90 were compared with the baseline control values by one factor repeated ANOVA. P value < 0.005 significant. Results: The present study demonstrates 38.1% (8 out of 21 patients) incidence of CPPP. The functional status and quality of life as were observed to be significantly diminished in all patients with chronic pain. An up-regulation in the mRNA expression of signal transduction and a positive correlation was noted between the mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score in all patients with CPPP at the end of postoperative day 90. Conclusions: The reported incidence of CPPP in patients with carcinoma ovary was 38.1%. An up-regulation and positive correlation between mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score depicts its potential role in the pathogenesis of CPPP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6691-6696
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• 2015

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer and its treatment is still controversial, especially in its early stages. There are conflicting data about the efficacy of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy treatment. Lymphadenectomy carries a risk of severe complications, especially in women with co-morbidities. Selective lymphadenectomy has been widely employed for staging evaluation of endometrial carcinoma because it is simple and seems to provide reliable data regarding nodal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate accuracy of sentinel node sampling in detecting lymph node metastasis in primary endometrial carcinoma during staging laparotomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three women with endometrial carcinoma at high-risk for nodal metastasis were studied. During laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into sub-serosal myometrium, then retroperitoneal spaces were opened and blue lymph nodes within pelvic and para-aortic regions were removed as separate specimens for histopathological examination (sentinel lymph nodes = SLNs). Hysterectomy and selective lymphadenectomy then performed for all women included in this study. Results: Deposition of methylene dye into at least one lymph node was observed in 73.1% (68/93) of studied cases. 18.3% (17/93) of studied women had positive lymph node metastasis and 94.1% (16/17) of them had positive metastasis in SLNs. In this study, SNLs had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of lymph node metastasis. Mean number of lymph nodes removed from each case decreased when SLNs biopsy were taken. Conclusions: SLNs are the key lymph nodes in endometrial tumor metastasis and their involvement could be an indicator for whether or not complete systematic lymphadenectomy is needed during staging laparotomy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2006

목적: 위암으로 개복 후 절제 불가로 판단된 환자들에서 수술 전 병기가 낮게 판단된 원인을 조사하여 향후 정확한 병기 결정에 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 8월에서 2005년 7월까지 경북대학교병원에서 개복술을 받은 위암 환자 중 절제가 가능하지 않아 폐복한 25예의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 수술 전 임상 병리학적 특성과 영상 소견을 수술소견과 비교하였고 비절제의 원인을 환자 인자, 기계 인자, 판독 인자로 분류하였다. 수술 전 전산화단층촬영(CT)은 2명의 방사선과 전문의가 독립적으로 판독 후 합의하였다. 결과: 전체 환자의 수술 전 병기는 Ib 3예, II 6예, IIIa 7예, IIIb 5예, IV 4예였고 육안형은 Borrmann III형 12예, IV형 13예였으며 조직학적 분류는 고분화형 1예, 중분화형 7예, 저분화형 8예, 인환세포암이 7예, 그리고 조직학적으로 분류되지 않은 경우가 2예였다. 수술에서 인접 장기 직접 침범이 확인된 경우는 25예 중 13예(52%)였으며, 침범된 장기로는 췌장 9예(36%), 간 3예(12%), 총담관 3예, 문맥 2예(8%), 횡행결장 2예(8%), 공장 2예(8%), 담낭 1예(4%)였다. 복막파종이 17예(68%), 원격 림프절 전이가 3예(12%)에서 있었다. 비절제의 원인을 본 결과 환자인자에서는 복강 내 지방 조직의 결핍으로 인해 인접장기 침범이나 복막 침범을 진단할 수 없었던 경우가 4예(16%)였다. 기계인자로는 두꺼운 스캔 절편(10 mm)으로 인해 인접장기 침범을 놓친 경우가 3예(12%), 외부 CT 필름의 불충분한 해상도로 인한 경우가 3예(12%), 이전 바륨 검사에 의한 잔존 바륨의 beam harding artifact로 복막파종을 놓친 경우가 2예(8%), 경구 조영제가 미충만된 위장관과 인접 전이성 결절을 오인한 경우가 1예(4%)였다. 판독인자로는 인접 장기와의 지방면 소실을 간과한 경우가 10예(40%), 경미한 복막비 후나 파종을 간과한 경우가 6예(24%), 장간막의 림프절 종대를 간과한 경우가 3예(12%)였다. 결론: 복강 내 지방 조직의 결핍, 불충분한 해상도의 CT, 판독 과정에서 경미한 복막파종이나 인접 장기와의 지방면 소실의 간과 때문에 CT에 의한 수술 전 병기결정의 정확도가 떨어지며 그 중 판독인자에 의한 것이 가장 많은 원인이 되므로 적절한 영상 관리와 함께 세심한 판독이 매우 중요하겠다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1986

저자들은 17명의 환자에 19예의 골반 CT를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수술전 CT 병기와 수술 및 병리학적 병기를 비교하였던 바 12예중 9예(75%)에서 일치하였으며, 2예는 병기가 낮게, 1예는 병기가 높게 판명되었다. 2. 치료는 10예에서 복회음 절제술을, 1예는 하위 전방 절제술을, 나머지 1예는 단순 대장 조루술을 시행하였다. 3. 수술전 CT가 큰 도움이 된 것은 방광침윤이 있는 2예와 골반 조직 동결로 방사선 치료후 2차 수술을 시행한 1예였다. 4. 수술전 간 전이는 1예(50%)에서 발견되었다. 5. 수술전 CT로써는 임파선 침윤 및 전이 정도를 알기가 힘들며, 직장 주위 조직의 염증 변화 경우에도 암 침윤과 구별이 어려웠다. 6. 수술후 CT는 암의 재발 및 원거리 전이의 발견에 유용했다. 따라서 수술전 혹은 후의 골반 CT는 치료 방향 설정 및 암의 국소재발과 전이조기발견에 큰 도움이 되므로 골반 CT의 많은 임상적 이용이 기대된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8489-8493
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• 2014

Objective: To verify the basic preoperative evaluation in the discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses in our clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on the records of 636 women with adnexal masses who had undergone surgery either by open or endoscopic approaches. Those with obvious signs of malignancy, any history of cancer, emergency surgeries without basic evaluation were excluded. The preoperative features by age, ultrasound and serum Ca125 level were compared with final histopathological diagnosis at the four departments of the institution. These are the general gynecology (Group 1: exploratory laparotomy), the gynecologic endoscopy (Group 2: laparoscopy and adnexectomy), the gynecological oncology (Group 3: staging laparotomy) and the gynecologic endocrinology and infertility (Group 4: laparoscopy and cystectomy). Results: There were simple and complex cyst rates of 22.3% and 77.2%, respectively. There were 86.3% benign, 4.1% (n:20) borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and 6.4% (n:48) malignant lesions. There were 3 BOT and 9 ovarian cancers in Group 1 and one BOT and two ovarian cancer in the Group 2. During the surgery, 15 BOT (75%) and 37 ovarian cancer (77%) were detected in the Group 3, only one BOT was encountered in the Group 4. The risk of rate of unsuspected borderline or focally invasive ovarian cancer significantly increased by age, size, complex morphology and Ca125 (95% CI, OR=2.72, OR=6.60, OR=6.66 and OR=4.69, respectively). Conclusions: Basic preoperative evaluation by comprehensive ultrasound imaging combined with age and Ca125 level has proved highly accurate for prediction of unexpected malignancies. Neither novel markers nor new imaging techniques provide better information that allow clinicians to assess the feasibility of the planned surgery; consequently, the risk of inadvertent cyst rupture during laparoscopy may be significantly decreased in selected cases.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2013

We report our experience with two cases of situs inversus totalis, both involving patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. These were a 52-year-old male with a preoperative staging of cT1bN0M0 and a 68-year-old male with a staging of cT2N0M0, both of whom underwent surgery. The former was found to have vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, so we performed a computed tomography angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection, and a small laparotomy was made for extracorporeal anastomosis. In contrast, the latter case showed no vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with delta anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection. There were no intraoperative problems in either patient and they were discharged without postoperative complications. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT2N0M0) and a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT1aN0M0), respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8221-8224
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• 2014

Gastric cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer death. The majority of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in China present with advanced disease. Ruling out unresectable cancers from an unnecessary "open" exploration is very important. The aim of this study was to assess the value of five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration in T4 gastric cancer in comparison with three-port laparoscopic exploration and laparotomy exploration. We conducted a retrospective study on 126 patients with T4 stage scheduled for D2 curative gastrectomy based on computed tomography (CT) staging at Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, from Apr. 2011 to Apr. 2013. Laparotomy exploration (Group I), three-port laparoscopic exploration (Group II) or five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration (Group III) were performed prior to radical gastrectomy. Accuracy rate for feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy in laparotomy exploration and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration groups was higher than that in the three-port laparoscopic exploration group. Five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration group had the highest accuracy resection rate (Group I vs Group II vs Group III,92.6% vs78.6% vs 97.7%; p<0.05) and shorter length of hospitalization (Group I vs Group II vs Group III, $9.58{\pm}4.17$ vs $6.13{\pm}2.85$ vs $5.00{\pm}1.81$; p<0.001). Three-port laparoscopic exploration has low accuracy rate for assessing feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration should be performed on patients with T4 gastric cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1998

목적 : 시험개복술을 시행하지 않은 임상적 병기 1기, 2기 횡경막상부 호지킨병에서 후향적으로 치료 결과를 분석함으로써 시험개복술의 필요성을 재검토하였고 예후 인자를 분석하고, 예후 인자군의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년에서 1995년까지 연세의료원에서 횡경막 상부에 국한된 임상적 병기 1-2기 호지킨병으로 진단받고 치료를 받았던 51례를 대상으로 하였다. 연령은 4-67세까지 였으며 중앙값은 30세였고 병기별로는 IA, IIA, IIB가 각각 16례, 25례, 10례였다. 방사선치료는 4, 6MV 광자선으로 매일 1.5-1.8Gy씩 19.5Gy에서 55.6Gy(중앙값:45Gy)가 조사되었으며, 항암화학 요법은 방사선치료 전후에 2-12회(중앙값: 6회) 시행되었다. 방사선치료 단독, 항암화학방사선병용요법, 항암화학요법 단독이 각 각 31례, 16례, 4례에 시행되었고 방사선치료는 Involved field 방사선치료가 3례, 맨틀방사선치료가 26례, 부분적림프절방사선치료가 18례에서 시행되었다. 생존을 분석은 Kaplan-Meier method, 유의성 검증은 log-rank test를 이용하였다. 결과 : 5년 전체 생존율은 $87.6\%$, 무병 생존율은 $78.0\%$였다. 완전 관해된 50례 중 림프절만 재발한 경우가 4례, 간이나 폐 또는 비장에서 재발한 경우가 3례, 림프절과 간에 동시에 재발된 경우가 1례 있었다. 재발한 8례중 구제 치료가 항암화학요법 단독, 방사선치료 단독, 항암화학방사선병용요법이 각 각 4례, 1례, 2례에서 시행되어 이중 2례만 구제되었다. 여성이거나 거대 종격동 림프선비대가 있는 경우에 재발이 의미있게 많았고 전체 생존율은 B 증상이 있거나 임상적 .병기가 높을수록 의미있게 낮았다. EORTC 예후 인자군에 따른 5년 무병 생존율은 very favorable군 (VF관), favorable군(F군), unfavorable군(U군)이 각각 100, 100, $55.8\%$, 5년 전체 생존율은 100, 100, $75.1\%$로 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 보여주었다. VF군과 F은 방사선치료만으로도 $100%$의 생존율을 보였으나 U군에서는 항암화학방사선병용요법시 방사선치료 단독보다 적은 재발율을 보였으나 생존율은 비슷하였다. 방사선치료를 받았던 경우에 맨틀방사선치료보다 부분적림프절방사선치료를 받은 경우에 무병 생존율이 높았다. 결론 : 횡경막상부에 국한된 호지킨병에서 시험개복술을 시행하지 않고도 좋은 치료 결과를 보여 주었다 성별, 거대 종격동 림프선비대가 무병 생존율에 의미있는 영향을 주었고 B 증상, 임상적 병기는 전체 생존율에 영향을 주는 중요한 예후 인자였다. 그리고 EORTC 예후 인자군에 따른 분류가 예후 예측과 치료 방법을 결정하는데 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2857-2860
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• 2012

Pancreatic cancer is usually detected late and has a high mortality rate. Since little is known about this cancer in Malaysia, a review of all cases admitted to Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital was conducted to identify the epidemiological distribution and assess survival. A list of pancreatic cancer patients in 2001-2008 was obtained from the Hospital Record Department. Only cases confirmed by radio-imaging or histo-pathology examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard approaches were used for data analysis. Only 56 cases were included with a mean (SD) age of 49.6 (16.0) years, with 60.7% males and 82.1% of Malay ethnicity. Previous history included cholelithiasis in 23.2%, diabetes mellitus in 16.1%, previous laparotomy in 10.7%, chronic pancreatitis in 7.1%, alcohol drinking in 5.4% and positive family history in 3.6%. The common presenting history included 67.9% loss of appetite, 66.1% loss of weight, 58.9% jaundice and 46.4% abdominal pain. Tumour staging was: 21.5% stage l, 17.8% stage ll, 3.6% stage lll and 57.1% stage lV. The median (95% CI) survival time was 3.4 (0.5, 6.3) months and significant prognostic factors were duration of symptoms (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99; p value 0.013), ascites (HR 2.64; 95% CI: 1.28, 5.44; p value 0.008) and Whipple surgery (HR 4.20; 95% CI: 2.27, 7.76; p value <0.001). The history of presenting complaints was short and the majority presented at late stages of the disease, thus the median survival time was very poor.