• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1420-1426
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• 2006

To establish a rapid and effective method for the analysis of soy isoflavone which is known to have lots of variation in derivatives of glucoside, conversion rate from isoflavone conjugates to its aglycones, and decomposition of conversed aglycones were investigated with various acid hydrolysis conditions. A number of heating conditions for acid hydrolysis including heating at convection oven $(105^{\circ}C)$, water bath $(95^{\circ}C)$, heating block $(120^{\circ}C)$, and hot plate $(120^{\circ}C)$ were applied. Acid hydrolysis in heating block with reflux was chosen as the best heating condition. From the stability test of isoflavone aglycone during acid hydrolysis, genistein, daidzein, and glycitein did not show any significant changes in their contents for 60 min of hydrolysis. Ten to thirty milligram of sample per 1 mL HCl was the best ratio of sample to acid. As conclusion, acid hydrolysis for 60 min after addition of 15 mL HCl solution to 0.5 g soybean, and then fill up to 50 mL with methanol, followed by HPLC analysis was set as a final analysis method. From this method, isoflavone contents expressed as total aglycone of feed meal was the highest with content of $1288.5{\mu}g/g$ followed by those of dehulled meal.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.409-414
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• 2004

Kojic acid is well known for its anti-pigmentation effect with tyrosinase inhibition activity. However, kojic acid is a unstable compound. In order to improve stability, kojic acid derivative, kojic acid $6-O-2',3',4',6'-tetraacetyl-{\beta}-D-glucopy-ranoside\;(KTGP)$, was synthesized with $O-pentaacetyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ through the regio- and stereo-selective glycosylation of 6-OH group of kojic acid. High yield $(80\%)$ was obtained by the use of Lewis acid and organic base in nonpolar solvent. Hydrolysis of KTGP with the aid of sodium methoxide in methanol afforded kojic acid $6-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (KGP), which was confirmed by $^1H-NMR\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ KGP is freely soluble in water and soluble in methanol and ethanol. Inhibition activity of KGP for tyrosinase was investigated by measuring the activity of mushroom tyrosinase compared with those of ascorbic acid, kojic acid, and arbutin. The free radical-scavenger activity was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In toxicity assay, KGP was much less toxic than kojic acid and arbutin, Therefore, glycosylation of kojic acid may be useful for the development of stable kojic acid derivatives.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2004

In the human skin, vitamin C (L -ascorbic acid) that is well known as the activated materials has effects that is skin anti-aging and wrinkle repair by giving impetus to collagen biosynthesis and anti-oxidation, and that is the sun screen, a wound recovering, inhibition melanogenesis and so on. In spite of its effects, vitamin C has the defects of the skin stimulation and easily oxidized instability by water, air, heat and light. For solving their matters, many investigation is advanced and its results are synthesized the various vitamin C derivatives. And yet they have not solved the unstable property of vitamin C and were still insufficient for the comparing with the effect of the pure vitamin C itself. In this study, in order to prepare vitamin C derivative of being improved the stability and to apply vitamin C effect in the skin, we prepared new vitamin C derivative, phytosphingosine ascorbate, by using phytosphingosine, one of sphingolipids, which have a distinguished skin affinity. Phytosphingosine ascorbate can be prepared as the ionic bond between amine group (-NH$_2$) of phytosphingosine and hydroxy group (-OH) of vitamin C by way of the relatively simple reaction. So the structure and properties of the synthesized phytosphingosine ascorbate was confirmed the use of elemental analysis (C 58.3 : H 9.3 : N 2.8 : O 29.5), MALDI TOF-MS (Mw=492.58), Ultraviolet spectra (268.5nm), lH NMR, FT-IR spectra, thermal analysis (m.p=l54$^{\circ}C$), HPLC and so on. And we could confirm the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidation effects. Based on these results, we could confirm to prepare a new material that was expected of both effects of vitamin C and phytosphingosine and that is improved properties of vitamin C.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.384-392
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• 1984

Reaction of the Fe(II) complex of a fully saturated tetradentate macrocyclic ligand [Fe([14]aneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$, where [14]ane$N_4$ represents 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, with $O_2$ has been investigated in acetonitrile solutions. [Fe([14]aneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$ reacts with oxygen to yield low spin Fe(III) species, [Fe([14]aneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{3+}$, which undergoes metal ion assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of the macrocyclic ligand to produce low spin Fe(II) complex, [Fe([14]tetraeneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$. The macrocyclic ligand in [Fe([14]tetraeneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$ is highly unsaturated and its double bonds are conjugated. [Fe([14]dieneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$ and [Fe([14]dieneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{3+}$ are isolated as the intermediates of the reaction. The Fe(II) complexes involved in this oxidative dehydrogenation reaction react with carbon monoxide to give respective carbon monoxide derivatives, [FeL$(CH_3CN)(CO)]^{2+}$ (where L = macrocyclic ligand). The values of $v_{CO}$ of [FeL$(CH_3CN)(CO)]^{2+}$, and the electrochemical oxidation potentials of Fe(II) ${\to}$ Fe(III) and the qualitative stability toward air-oxidation for [FeL(CH$_3CN_2)^{2+}$ increase as the degree of unsaturation of the macrocyclic ligands increase.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2011

A homologous series of linear liquid crystal dimers, the ${\alpha},{\omega}$-bis(4-cyano-azobenzene-4'-oxy)alkanes (CATWETn, where n, the number of methylene units in the spacer, is 2~10) were synthesized, and their thermotropic liquid crystalline phase behavior were investigated. The CATWETn with n of 3 and 6 exhibited monotropic nematic phases, whereas other derivatives showed enantiotropic nematic phases. The nematic-isotropic transition temperatures of the dimers and their entropy variation at the phase transition showed a large odd-even effect as a function of n. This phase transition behavior was rationalized in terms of the change in the average shape of the spacer on varying the parity of the spacer. The thermal stability and degree of order in the nematic phase and the magnitude of the odd-even effect of CATWETn were similar to those for the methoxy-, nitro-, and pentyl-substituted dimers, while they were significantly different from those for the monomesogenic compounds, 1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxy}alkylbromides and the side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers, the poly[1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxyalkyloxy}ethylene]s. The results were discussed in terms of 'virtual trimer model' by Imrie.