• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2015

Purpose: Bruxism is commonly considered a major risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and the psychosocial factors had been one of the etiologic factor of bruxism. But there are still unsolved issues on the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD and the etiologic factors of bruxism. This study is aim to evaluate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics according to diagnostic grade of bruxism in TMD patients. Methods: Three hundred subjects were enrolled who were under the stabilization splint therapy for TMD. Recently international consensus proposed a diagnostic grading system of "possible", "probable", and "definite" sleep or awake bruxism for clinical and research purpose. According to their suggestion, we classified these subjects as self-reported bruxism (SRB) and wear facet bruxism (WFB). We investigated the clinical characteristics (sex, age, chief complaint, pain duration, visual analogue scale), sum of tenderness (temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, cervical muscles), diagnosis of TMD according to research diagnostic criteria (the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD), headache, subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and psychosocial characteristics (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R) in enrolled subjects. We compared the clinical and psychosocial characteristics between these bruxism groups. Results: There were no significant correlation between self-reported and WFB (p=0.13). SRB subjects more reported pain as a chief complain than subject who did not report bruxism (p=0.014). The mean score of global PSQI was significantly higher in SRB than in did not report positively subjects (p=0.045). The mean score of anxiety and phobic anxiety was significantly higher in SRB than in did not reported positively subjects (p=0.045, p=0.041). Conclusions: Although bruxism is regarded as risk factor of TMD, this study showed inconsistent result between SRB and clinically detected bruxism by wear facet on slpint. We suggest that the clinician should consider with extreme caution when they assess SRB.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1998

제라니올 (1), 올리비톨 (2), 카나비노이드 (3 과 4)와 5-플로르우라실 (5)을 MTT 정량분석법과 SRB 정량분석법으로 인체 피부흑색종세포에 대하여 성장 억제효과를 평가 하였다. 이들 화합물(1, 2, 3, 4와 5)은 마이크로 몰 농도의 범위에 대하여 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 이들 화합물은 $1{\mu}M\;-\;100{\mu}M$ 농도범위에서는 투여량에 따라 항암활성을 나타내었다. 인체 피부흑색종세포에 대한 이들 화합물의 50 %억제 농도 효과에 대한 비교는 다음과 같은 순서로 항암활성이 감소하였다. MTT 정량분석법 ; OLVTL >CBG > CBD > 5-FU >GRNL, SRB 정량 분석법 ; CBG > OLVTL > CBD > CRNL > 5-FU, 카나비노이드 (3 과 4)와 5-플로르우라실 (5)을 MTT정량분석법과 SRB정량분석법으로 인체정상세포에 대하여 독성효과를 측정하였다. 이들 화합물은 마이크로몰농도의 농도범위에서는 투여량에 따라 세포독성을 보였다. 인체정상세포에 대한 이들 화합물의 50 % 독성효과에 대한 비교는 다음과 같은 순서로 세포독성이 감소하였다. MTT정량분석법과 SRB정량분석법 ; CBD > 5-FU > CBG. 따라서 카나비지놀 (3)은 인체정상세포에 대하여 가장 낮은 세포독성을 나타내었다. 따라서 카나비지놀 (3)은 인체 피부흑색종세포에 대하여 가장 강한 성장억제활성을 보였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2000

폐금속광산폐수를 혐기성 생물학적 처리를 함에 있어서 석회석에 의한 화학적 전치리의 특성을 파악하고 SRB를 위한 탄소원으로서 제지 및 축산슬러지의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 혐기성 석회석층의 효능은 시간이 경과함에 따라 급격하게 감소하였지만 폐금속광산폐수의 혐기성 생물학적 처리에 있어서 전처리공정으로 활용할 경우에 초기에 중화능이 우수하여 후속처리 공정에 높은 pH를 제공함으로서 시스템의 안정화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. R-1~R-3에 비하여 R-4에서 실험초기 HRT 5일에 유출 SCOD가 낮을 뿐만 아니라 시간이 경과한 후 HRT 1일에 오히려 높은 농도를 나타내어 유기물의 지속성과 공급 측면에서는 단기간 내에 다량의 분해에 의한 유기물 소실보다는 유용할 것으로 판단되어진다. 모든 반응조에서 전 HRT에 걸쳐 SRB의 성장에 적합한 안정적인 pH를 유지하였으나, ORP를 보면 HRT 2일 이후에 SRB의 생육을 위한 최적조건을 유지하고 있어 SRB의 활성이 가장 활발하였던 것으로 평가되었다. $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 환원효율에 따라 중담속 제거효율 또한 비슷한 경향을 보여주고 있으며, HRT 2일에 $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 환원효율과 중금속 제거효율이 비교적 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of coated slow-release urea on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood glucose and urea concentration (Exp 1), and average daily gain (ADG; Exp 2) of steers. Methods: Exp 1: Eight ruminally fistulated steers [$503{\pm}28.5kg$ body weight (BW)] were distributed into a d $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and assigned to treatments: control (CON), feed grade urea (U2), polymer-coated slow-release urea A (SRA2), and polymer-coated slow-release urea B (SRB2). Dietary urea sources were set at 20 g/kg DM. Exp 2: 84 steers ($350.5{\pm}26.5kg$ initial BW) were distributed to treatments: CON, FGU at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (U1 and U2, respectively), coated SRA2 at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRA1 and SRA2, respectively), and coated SRB at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRB1 and SRB2, respectively). Results: Exp 1: Urea treatments (U2+SRA2+SRB2) decreased (7.4%, p = 0.03) the DM intake and increased (11.4%, p<0.01) crude protein digestibility. Coated slow-release urea (SRA2+-SRB2) showed similar nutrient digestibility compwared to feed grade urea (FGU). However, steers fed SRB2 had higher (p = 0.02) DM digestibility compared to those fed SRA2. Urea sources did not affect ruminal fermentation when compared to CON. Although, coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.01) concentration of $NH_3-N$ (-10.4%) and acetate to propionate ratio than U2. Coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.02) urinary N and blood urea concentration compared to FGU. Exp 2: Urea sources decreased (p = 0.01) the ADG in relation to CON. Animals fed urea sources at 10 g/kg DM showed higher (12.33%, p = 0.01) ADG compared to those fed urea at 20 g/kg DM. Conclusion: Feeding urea decreased the nutrient intake without largely affected the nutrient digestibility. In addition, polymer-coated slow-release urea sources decreased ruminal ammonia concentration and increased ruminal propionate production. Urea at 20 g/kg DM, regardless of source, decreased ADG compared both to CON and diets with urea at 10 g/kg DM.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

SRB(Sulfate Reducing Bacteria) converts sulfate into sulfide using an organic carbon source as the electron donor. The sulfide formed precipitates the various metals present in the AMD (Acid Mine Drainage). This study is the fundamental research on heavy metal removal from AMD using SRB. Two completely mixed anaerobic reactors were operated for cultivation of SRB at the temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and anaerobic batch reactors were used to evaluate the effects of carbon source, COD/sulfate($SO_4^=$) ratio and alkalinity on sulfate reduction rate and heavy metal removal efficiency. AMD used in this study was characterized by low pH 3.0 and 1000mg/l of sulfate and dissolved high concentration of heavy metals such as iron, cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. It was found that glucose was an organic carbon source better than acetate as the electron donor of SRB for sulfate reduction in AMD. Amount of sulfate reduction maximized at the COD(glucose)/sulfate ratio of 0.5 in the influent and then removal efficiencies of heavy metals were 97.5% of Cu, 100% of Pb, 100% of Cr, 49% of Mn, 98% of Zn, 100% Cd and 92.4% of Fe. Although sulfate reduction results in an increase in the alkalinity of the reactor, alkalinity of 1000mg/1 (as $CaCo_3$) should be should be added continuously to the anaerobic reactor in order to remove heavy metals from AMD.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 1999

The anticancer effect of methanol extracts from common Chinese cabbage kimchi(CC kimchi ) and organically cultivated Chinese cabbage kimchi (OC kimchi) was studied on the cell growth, MTT assay and SRB assay using AGS human gastric cancer cells. Methanol extracts from CC kimchi and OC kimchi exhibited the anticancer activites in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract from 6 day-fermented CC kimchi and OC kimchi inhibited the growth of AGS cells by 55.2 and 60.7% , respectively. At MTT assay an dSRB assay, 6 day-fermented OC kimchi showed higher inhibition rate (MTT : 42%, SRB : 61%) than 6 day-fermented CC kimchi(MTT : 33%, SRB : 52%). Methanol extracts from 6-day fermented CC kimchi and OC reduced the tumor formation and prolonged the life span of sarcoma-180 cell injected Balb.c mouse. OC kimchi treated group resulted in the smaller tumor weight of 4.58$\pm$0.32g compared th the CC kimchi group of 5.40$\pm$0.78g and the control group of 7.50$\pm$0.54g and OC kimchi treted group (25.3 days) lived longest among control (20.2days ) and CC kimchi(23.5days) treted groups.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

Two phase UASB reactors for treating wastewater with sulfate were operated to assess the performance and competition of organics between sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) and methane producing bacteria(MPB), and the change of characteristics of microorganisms. The reactors were fed in parallel with a synthetic wastewater of 4,000-5,000 mgCOD/L and sulfate concentration of $800-1,000\;mgSO_4/L$. In the MPR(methane producing reactor) and CR(control reactor), COD removal efficiencies were 90% and 60%, respectively, at the OLR(organic loading rate) of 6 gCOD/L, while the amount of biogas and methane content were 6.5 L/day and 80%, and 3 L/day and 50%, respectively. However, the portion of electron flow used by SRB at the OLR of 6 gCOD/L day in MPR and CR was 3% and 26%, respectively. This indicated that the increase of OLR of wastewater containing high sulfate like CR resulted in activity decrease and cell decay of MPB, while SRB was adapted immediately to new environment. The MPB activities in MPR and CR were 2 and $0.38\;kgCH_4-COD$/gVSS day at the OLR of 6 gCOD/L. This indicated hat SRB dominated gradually over MPB during long-term operation with wastewater containing sulfate as a consequence of outcompeting of SRB over MPB. In addition, the solution within AFR was maintained around pH 5.0, the MPB such as Methanothrix spp. which was very important to formation of granules was detached from the surface of granules due to the decrease of activity by limitation of substrate transportation into MPB. Therefore, a significant amount of sludge was washed out from the reactor.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.453-456
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• 2001

배양된 대황으로 모상근으로부터 추출한 물질에 대한 분획별 신장상피세포에 있어서의 세포 독성을 조사하였다. l 수층과 클로로포름 층으로부터 얻은 대황 모상근 추출물모두 농도의 증가에 따라 세포에 미치는 독성이 증가하였다. 2. 클로로포름층으로부터 얻은 대황 모상근 추출물이 수층으로부터 얻은 대황 추출물보다 세포에 미치는 독성이 크게 나타났다. 콜로로포름층 분획의 $MTT_{50}$, $NR_{50}$, $SRB_{50}$은 각각 289.3 ${\mu}g/ml$. 302.7 ${\mu}g/ml$. 433.8 ${\mu}g/ml$ 이었고, 수층 분획물의 $MTT_{50}$, $NR_{50}$, $SRB_{50}$은 각각 475.8 ${\mu}g/ml$. 428.3 ${\mu}g/ml$. 549.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ 이었다. 3. 세포독성 측정방법에 따라 차이를 보였으며 수층 분획의 경우 NR정량법에서 클로로포름 층 분획의 경우 MTT정량법에서 독성 정도가 더 높게 나타났다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2000

Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), and 5-fluorouracil (4, 5-FU) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (KB) using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. These compounds showed a potent inhibitory activity in vitro in the micromolar range against KB cell lines. In general, the antitumor activity of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) was in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration ranges from $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100\;{\mu}M$. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds in tumor cell lines shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order: CBD > 5-FU > CBDME > CBDDE by the MTT assay and SRB assay. Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), and 5-FU were tested for their cytotoxic effects on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using two different MTT assay and SRB assay. These compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in vitro in the micromolar range against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In general, the cytotoxic activities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100\;{\mu}M$. The comparison of $CD_{50}$ values of these compounds on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order; CBD > 5-FU > CBDDE > CBDME by MTT assay, CBD > 5-FU > CBDME > CBDDE by SRB assay. These results suggest that cannabidiol (1, CBD) retains the most growth-inhibitory activity against KB cell lines.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2000년도 정기총회 및 동계학술심포지움
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• pp.55-55
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 담석증, 신장치료 등의 한약제로 많이 사용하는 대왕을 여러 용매를 사용하여 얻은 대왕추출물 분액에 대한 세포독성을 여부를 MTT 정량법, NR 정량법, SRB 정량법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 1. 추출 용매 methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, water로부터 얻은 대왕추출물 모두 처리농도에 따라 세포에 미치는 영향이 증가하였다. 2. Butanol을 용매로 사용하여 얻은 대왕추출물 분액이 다른 3가지 용매로부터 얻은 대왕추출물보다 세포에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타났고 water를 용매로 사용하여 얻은 추출물이 A498 세포주에 미치는 영향이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3. Butanol을 추출 용매로 하여 얻은 대왕추출물이 A498 세포주에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸는데 그 추출물에 대한 MTT50, NR50, SRB50값은 각각 0.63mg/m1, 0.65mg/ml, 0.68mg/ml이었고, 가장 영향이 적은 water의 경우 MTT50, NR50, SRB50값은 각각 0.84mg/m1, 0.82mg/m1, 0.80mg/ml이었다. 4. 정량방법 간의 대왕추출물에 대한 반응은 MTT 정량법이 가장 민감하게 나타났다.