• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7689-7694
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• 2015

Background: Bone tumors are neoplasias with a high overall mortality; one of the main factors that reduce survival is their high capacity to develop metastases. It has been reported that finding lung metastases at diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OS), chondrosarcoma (CS) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) is quite common. In this study, we inquire the relationship of metastases caused by these tumors with different clinical and pathological aspects, in order to guide medical personnel in the diagnosis and opportune treatment of metastases or micro metastases. Materials and Methods: We collected data of 384 patients with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis of OS, GCTb and CS that attended the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR) during 2006 to 2014. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for data analysis. Results: In the three tumor types, the presence of metastases at diagnosis was variable (p=0.0001). Frequency of metastases was 36.7%, 31.7% and 13.2% for OS, CS and GCTb respectively. The average age had no significant difference (p>0.05) in relation to metastases, even so, patients with OS and GCTb and metastases, were older while patients with CS and metastases were younger, in comparison to patients without metastases. Males had a higher frequency of metastases (68.2%, p = 0.09) in contrast to CS and GCTb, in which the metastases was more frequent in women with 51.9% (p = 0.44) and 57.9% (p = 0.56) respectively. Broadly, metastasis was associated with primary tumors located in the femur (44.4%), followed by the tibia (15.6%); metastases was more frequent when primary tumor of GCTb and OS were in the same bones, but were located in the hip (26.3%) for CS. Conclusions: The frequency of metastases in OS, GCTb and CS is high in our population and is determined by different clinicopathological variables related to the kind of tumor. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate metastases subsequent to diagnosis and associations with survival and clinicopathological factors, as well as to determine the sensitivity and specificity of current methods of detection.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.784-790
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• 2003

본 논문은 세라믹재료가 강화재로써 보강된 복합재료가 횡방향의 단축인장하중을 받는 경우, 복합재료의 변형, 재료내 발생되는 손상의 특징, 및 응력-변형률 특성에 관한 컴퓨터 해석결과이다. 해석은 SiC/Ti 시스템을 대상으로 하였으며, 특성은 강화재의 배열형태, 강화재/기지 계면에서의 결합유무, 강화재의 부피분율변화에 대하여 각기 해석되었다. 계면에서 강한 결합이 있는 복합재와는 달리, 약한 결합의 복합재는 인장하중에 의하여 세라믹/기지 계면에서 분리가 발생되었다. 이 분리는 전체 복합재의 강성을 감소시키며, 세라믹 강화재의 부피분율이 증가할수록 탄성계수 및 횡방향 평균응력의 최종크기를 나타내는 한계응력의 크기감소로 나타났다. 계면결합이 강한 경우는 세라믹 부피분율이 증가할수록 사각형 배열보다는 육각형배열의 복합재에서 다소 큰 증가율로 나타났다. 그러나, 계면결합이 약한 경우는 세라믹 부피분율이 증가할수록 사각형 배열보다는 육각형배열의 복합재에서 상대적으로 큰 감소율로 해석되었다. 본 연구의 해석결과는 알려진 문헌의 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8227-8233
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• 2016

Background: To investigate polymorphisms in heat shock proteins A1B and A1L (HOM) and associated risk of oesophageal carcinoma in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: The study includes oesophageal cancer (ECA) patients attending general outpatient department (OPD) and endoscopic unit of Gauhati Medical College. Patients were diagnosed based on endoscopic and histopathological findings. Genomic DNA was typed for HSPA1B1267 and HSPA1L2437 SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results: A total of 78 cases and 100 age-sex matched healthy controls were included in the study with a male: female ratio of 5:3 and a mean age of $61.4{\pm}8.5years$. Clinico-pathological evaluation showed 84% had squamous cell carcinoma and 16% were adenocarcinoma. Dysphagia grades 4 (43.5%) and 5 (37.1%) were observed by endoscopic and hispathological evaluation. The frequency of genomic variation of A1B from wild type A/A to heterozygous A/G and mutant G/G showed a positive association [chi sq=19.9, p=<0.05] and the allelic frequency also showed a significant correlation [chi sq=10.3, with cases vs. controls, OR=0.32, $p{\leq}0.05$]. The genomic variation of A1L from wild T/T to heterozygous T/C and mutant C/C were found positively associated [chi sq=7.02, p<0.05] with development of ECA. While analyzing the allelic frequency, there was no significant association [chi sq=3.19, OR=0.49, p=0.07]. Among all the risk factors, betel quid [OR=9.79, Chi square=35.0, p<0.05], tobacco [OR=2.95, chi square=10.6, p<0.05], smoking [OR=3.23, chi square=10.1, p<0.05] demonstrated significant differences between consumers vs. non consumers regarding EC development. Alcohol did not show any significant association [OR=1.34, chi square=0.69, p=0.4] independently. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the present study provides marked evidence that polymorphisms of HSP70 A1B and HSP70 A1L genes are associated with the development of ECA in a population in Northeast India, A1B having a stronger influence. Betel quid consumption was found to be a highly significant risk factor, followed by smoking and tobacco chewing. Although alcohol was not a potent risk factor independently, alcohol consumption along with tobacco, smoking and betel nut was found to contribute to development of ECA.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

니클로사미드 일수화물의 결정구조는 흑연으로 단색화된 Mo-Ka 방사선을 사용하는 자동 CAD4 회절 기로 측정된 1976개의 독립반점을 이용하여 결정되었다. 결정계는 단사정계이며, 공간군은 P211c이고, 293k에서 단위세포 상수는 a=11.331(3), b=6.964 (2), c=7.347(4)A, p=98.20(3)°, Z=4이다. 구조는 ggg Parity군에 속하는 반불변수를 이용하는 직접법으로 해석하였으며, 완전행렬 최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 최종 신뢰도 R=0.046인 모형을 구하였다. 분자 모양은 ab평면상에 평행하게 놓이는 평면성 구조를 나타낸다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2006

The water purification was very important in Korea which has not sufficient water resource and while adsorption method among the various methods to eliminate the water pollutants has been widely used by activated carbon. This study was conducted the basic experiment for hall distribution, pH, conductivity, electronic microscope, cation exchange and inorganic materials the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with electronic microscope, it was found that it has porous structure, oak charcoal has circular structure, pine charcoal has square structure and bamboo charcoal has hexagonal structure, which has high void fraction per unit area because of its thin cell wall structure. As a result of experimenting hall distribution, hall distribution of bamboo high temperature charcoal is high as 0.269cc/g and has the greatest inorganic contents and cation exchange capacity(CEC) which are the important factor of chemical adsorption.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2005

Treatment of a solution of $CuCl_2$ in dimethyl phosphate (DMP) with DMSO under nitrogen atmosphere afforded to a light blue fluorescence powder. Slow evaporation of $H_2O$-DMSO solution of this powder resulted in blue-sky crystals of a new polymeric Cu(II) complex, with a unit cell composed of $Cu_2(DMP)_4$(DMSO), (1). The crystal and molecular structure of the complex acquired crystallographically. Compound (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1$/n with a = 12.8920(11) $\AA$, b = 13.1966(11) $\AA$, c = 14.7926(13) $\AA$, $\alpha$ = 90$^{\circ}$, $\beta$ = 98.943(2)$^{\circ}$, $\gamma$ = 90$^{\circ}$, V= 2486.1(4) ${\AA}^3$, and Z = 4. A square pyramidal environment for the metal center was established by coordination of oxygen atoms of four bridging DMP ligands in the basal positions and binding a tri-centered oxygen atom of DMSO in the apical disposition of Cu(II). The sixth position was also affected by a weak interaction with the sulfur atom of another DMSO. The phosphorous atom in the bridging DMP was arranged in a deformed tetrahedron with (gg) conformation for methyl esters with $C_{2v}$ symmetry.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.1054-1057
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• 2002

The design and fabrication of Q-band 3-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit(MMIC) amplifier for WLAN are presented using 0.2$\square$ AIGaAs/lnGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). In each stage of the MMIC, a negative feedback is used for both broadband and good stability. The measurement results are achieved as an input return loss under -4dB, an output return loss under -10dB, a gain of 14dB, and a PldB of 17dBm at Q-band(36～44GHz). These results closely match with design results. The chip size is 2.8${\times}$1.3mm$^2$. This MMIC amplifier will be used as the unit cell to develop millimeter-wave transmitters for use in wideband wireless LAN systems.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2003

공초점 렌즈의 조합으로 사용되는 두 렌즈의 초점거리의 비율에 해당하는 비율 만큼 입사되는 광의 입사각을 줄일 수 있다. 이 결과로 CCD상의 간섭 패턴의 공간 주파수가 낮아진다. 따라서 CCD의 구성 화소들의 간격에 의해 한정되는 기록 가능한 공간 주파수 보다 높은 공간 주파수의 간섭 패턴을 기록할 수 있어 보다 큰 물체의 간섭 패턴을 기록할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 광학계로 기록한 간섭 패턴의 수치적 재생(Numerical Reconstrction) 결과에서는 0-차 회절광의 면적이 초점거리 비율의 역수의 제곱에 해당하는 만큼 축소되는 장점이 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1241-1250
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• 2019

This study mainly focused on the neutronics modeling of bubbles in bubbly flow in boiling water reactors. The bubble, ring and homogenous models were used for radial void fraction distribution. Effect of the bubble and ring models on the infinite multiplication factor and two-group flux distribution was investigated by comparing with the homogenous model. Square pitch unit cell geometry was used in the calculations. In the bubble model, spherical and non-spherical bubbles at random positions, sizes and shapes were produced by Monte Carlo method. The results show that there are significant differences among the proposed models from the viewpoint of physical interaction mechanism. For the fully-developed bubbly flow, $k_{inf}$ is overestimated in the ring model by about $720{\pm}6pcm$ with respect to homogeneous model whereas underestimated in the bubble model by about $-65{\pm}9pcm$ with a standard deviation of 15 pcm. In addition, the ring model shows that the coolant must be separated into regions to properly represent the radial void distribution. Deviations in flux distributions principally occur in certain regions, such as corners. As a result, the bubble model in modeling the void fraction can be used in nuclear engineering calculations.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2005

화염가수분해 증착법(FHD : Flame Hydrolysis Deposition)으로 제작된 Ge이 첨가된 BPSG(Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass)막의 표면을 절단톱(dicing saw)을 이용하여 일정한 깊이로 절단함으로써 각 단위 마이크로렌즈 셀들을 형성시켰다. 또한 절단된 각 단위 마이크로렌즈 셀들을 가열용융(thermal reflow) 방법을 이용하여 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 가열용응시킴으로써 직경이 $53.4{\mu}m$인 마이크로렌즈 어레이를 제작할수 있었다. 이 때 렌즈간 간격은 $70{\mu}m,$ 렌즈 두께는 약 $28.4{\mu}m$이었다. 제작된 마이크로렌즈 어레이의 형상을 이미지-프로세스로 분석하였으며. 초점거리는 $62.2{\mu}m$이었다. 본 제작방법은 일반적인 사진식각 공정을 이용한 마이크로렌즈 제작보다 간단하면서도 저렴한 비용으로 제작이 가능하다. 또한 곡률반경의 조절이 용이하고, 보다 정밀하며 다양한 마이크로렌즈 어레이를 구현할 수 있다.