• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.465-472
• /
• 2008

We experienced a rare case of oral squamous cell carcinoma arisen from gingival tissues overlying prolonged chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. A 66 years old man complained of unhealed extraction sockets of left mandibular second premolar and first molar, and showed extensive leukoplakia in the gingival tissues of the same area. The inflammation of the socket granuloma became severe and extended into adjacent mandibular proper, resulted in diffuse suppurative chronic osteomyelitis of mandibular body, exhibiting irregular osteolytic changes of mandibular trabecular patterns in mottled radiolucent appearance. The leukoplakia was initially diagnosed under microscope, and the involved gingival tissues were radically removed. Thereafter, the gingival soft tissue inflammation involving the mandibular osteomyelitis was hardly healed for two years. During the period of repeated surgical treatments for the inflamed lesion, nine biopsies were taken sequentially. Until the eighth biopsy, there consistently showed the suppurative osteomyelitis with ingrowing gingival tissues into the bony inflammatory lesion. The gingival epithelium showed the features of leukoplakia but no evidence of malignant changes. However, the ninth biopsy, taken about 2 years after initial diagnosis, showed the early carcinomatous changes of the gingival epithelium. The neoplastic epithelial cells were relatively well differentiated with many keratin pearls, and infiltrated only into underlying connective tissues. So, we presumed that the present case of squamous cell carcinoma was caused by the persistent inflammatory condition of the mandibular osteomyelitis, and also suggest that the leukoplakia should be carefully removed in the beginning to prevent the neoplatic promotion of the chronic inflammation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.52 no.12
• /
• pp.726-733
• /
• 2014

The gingiva consists of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer. The oral epithelium is a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium. The epithelium can be divided into the following cell layer: basal layer, prickle cell layer, granular cell layer and keratinized cell layer. The desquamative disease of gingiva means exfoliative diseases of epithelial layer on the gingiva. The chronic desqumative gingivitis is usually related to the dematologic disorders that produce cutaneous and mucous membrane blisters. The cicatricial pemphigoid and lichen planus are representative diseases of the dermatologic cases. Patients may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. When symptomatic, their complaints range from a mild burning sentation to an severe pain. The clinical examination must be considered with a thorough history, and routine histologic and immunofluorescence studies. A systemic approach needs to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of the gingival desquamative diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.72-75
• /
• 2016

Lichen planus is a chronic disease characterized by bilateral and multiple lesions on the skin or oral mucosa. Lichen planus is caused by immune mediated degeneration along the border between epithelium and connective tissue. The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus (OLP) is reported to be between 0.4%-5.6% in different studies and the World Health Organization has categorized lichen planus as "a potentially malignant disorder". However, the correlation between OLP and oral cancer still remains controversial as some reported that the reason for increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in OLP patient is misdiagnosis of dysplastic lesion as OLP. This report aims to discuss the correlation between OLP and oral cancer through a case of middle aged woman diagnosed with OLP who was successfully treated but developed squamous cell carcinoma 8 years later.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 1986

The anatomy of the renal papilla and pelvis of the bat(Pipistrellus abramus abramus Temminck) and their ultrastructure of the epithelium has been studied by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The bats were captured at Ondal cave located in Yangchun-Myun, Tanyang-Kun, Chungchongpuk-Do, Korea in the active(July) and hibernating(January) phases. A conical renal papilla with several papillary foramina at the apex was curved toward the ureter. At the margin of the funnel-shaped renal pelvis, the fornix extended deeply into the kidney parenchyme was formed between the outer zone of the medulla and the cortex. The epithelium of the papilla covered the inner zone of the medulla. The epithelium of the fornix medially overlayed the outer zone of the medulla, and laterally the cortex. The surface epithelium of the papilla was simple columnar in shape with the scanty organelles and the short microvilli on their luminal surface. The fornix was Jined with $1{\sim}2$ cell layered squamous epithelium. On the medial surface of the fornix, two types of the superficial epithelial cells were identified; one had numerous short microvilli and the other had the microplicae and plaques on their luminal surface. The lateral surface of the fornix lined with the epithelial cells showed microridges and plaques on the luminal surface. The epithelial cells on the medial and lateral surfaces of the fornix were similar to their internal ultrastructures. The pelvic epithelium was a typical transitional type, which was composed of a layer of basal cells, one or two layers of intermediate cells, and a layer of superficial(facet) cells. The fusiform vesicles were observed in the cytoplasm of the intermediate and facet cells. There were no noticeable morphological changes in the epithelium of the papilla, fornix and pelvis except the medial epithelium of the fornix in the hibernating cycle. The microvillar cells were more numerous in the hibernating phase than in the active phase. The morphology, of the renal papilla and fornix of bats, indicates that a functional relationship may exist between the pelvic urine and the renal parenchyme.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1983.05a
• /
• pp.19.1-19
• /
• 1983

The dentigerous cyst involving maxilla is rare disease in Otolaryngologic field. A case of 22-year-old male patient involving dentigerous cyst of the maxilla with chronic inflammatory signs has been presented. The occurrence of odontogenic epithelium in the wall of dentigerous cyst is a well known entity. This epithelium usually remains inactive and does not have clinical significance, but these small inactive islands of epithelium may be stimulated, resulting in chronic inflammation, ameloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore correct diagnosis and proper treatment are very important. The authors have recently experienced a case of dentigerous cyst causing a mild disfigulation of face. The cyst was surgically enucleated through sublabial approach.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.20
• /
• pp.8679-8684
• /
• 2014

CD133 was recently reported to be a cancer stem cell and prognostic marker. Quercetin is considered as a potential chemopreventive agent due to its involvement in suppression of oxidative stress, proliferation and metastasis. In this study, the expression of CD133/CD44 in esophageal carcinomas and Eca109/9706 cells was explored. In immunoflurorescence the locations of $CD133^+$ and multidrug resistance 1 $(MDR1)^+$ in the same E-cancer cells were coincident, mainly in cytomembranes. In esophageal squamous cell carcinomas detected by double/single immunocytochemistry, small $CD133^+$ cells were located in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium, determined as CSLC (cancer stem like cells); $CD44^+$ surrounding the cells appeared in diffuse pattern, and the larger $CD44^+$ (hi) cells were mainly located in the prickle cell layer of the epithelium, as progenitor cells. In E-cancer cells exposed to nanoliposomal quercetin (nLQ with cytomembrane permeability), down-regulation of NF-${\kappa}Bp65$, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and cyclin D1 and up-regulation of caspase-3 were shown by immunoblotting, and attenuated HDAC1 with nuclear translocation and promoted E-cadherin expression were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. In particular, enhanced E-cadherin expression reflected the reversed epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) capacity of nLQ, acting as cancer attenuator/preventive agent. nLQ acting as an HDAC inhibitor induced apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL assay mediated via HDAC-NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling. Apoptotic effects of liposomal quercetin (LQ, with cytomembrane-philia) combined with CD133 antiserum were also detected by CD133 immunocytochemistry combined with TUNEL assay. The combination could induce greater apoptotic effects than nLQ induced alone, suggesting a novel anti-CSC treatment strategy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2013

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare form arising within the jaws. PIOSCC is not related to the oral mucosa, presumably developing from remnants of the odontogenic epithelium. Because odontogenic cyst epithelium often transforms malignantly into PIOSCC, it could be misdiagnosed as odontogenic cyst based on a relatively ill-defined radiolucent lesion. Therefore, definite diagnosis is established from histological examination of biopsy samples taken during cyst enucleation in many cases. The present study is reported with a case of patient complaining of discomfort on his mandible. He was diagnosed as a putative dentigerous cyst and underwent a cyst enucleation treatment. After definite diagnosis as PIOSCC was established based on histologic findings, partial mandible resection and mandible reconstruction were performed. Up to the present, 10 months follow up of the patient showed satisfactory healing without recurrence and abnormal findings; thereby, we are reporting this case with literature review.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 2011

The occurrence of a mixed tumor containing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and primary squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare because there is no squamous epithelium in the thyroid gland. Reported herein is a 30-year-old female with mixed PTC and primary sec of the thyroid presented as thyroid incidentaloma. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid nodule revealed the presence of malignant thyroid cells. The histopathological examination following total thyroidectomy yielded two mixed, morphologically distinct histotypes that included PTC and sec. After total thyroidectomy, the patient underwent radioactive iodine therapy. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the 20-month follow-up period after the operation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.18
• /
• pp.8187-8190
• /
• 2016

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect epithelial tissues. Specific genotypes of human papillomavirus are the single most common etiological agents of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Cervical cancer usually arises at squamous metaplastic epithelium of transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix featuring infection with one or more oncogenic or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. A hospital-based study in a rural set up was carried out to understand the association of HR-HPV with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and cervical cancer. In the present study, HR-HPV was detected in 65.7% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 84.6% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 94% of cervical cancer as compared to 10.7% of controls. The association of HPV infection with SIL and cervical cancer was analyzed with Chi square test (p<0.001). The significant association found confirmed that detection of HR-HPV is a suitable candidate for early identification of cervical precancerous lesions and in the prevention of cervical cancer in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.469-472
• /
• 2012

The present study was conducted to assess utility of $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity as a surrogate marker for genomic integration of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). A total of 29 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 53 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), histologically-diagnosed between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were stained for $p^{16INK4a}$ (CINtec Histology Kit (REF 9511, mtm laboratories AG, Heidelberg, Germany). Immunopositvity was defined as diffuse staining of the squamous cell cytoplasm and or nucleus (involving > 75% of the intraepithelial lesions or SCCs). Staining of basal and parabasal layers of intraepithelial lesions was pre-requisite. One (3.4%) LSIL, 24 (88.9%) HSIL and 46 (86.8%) SCC were $p^{16INK4a}$ immunopositive. All normal squamous epithelium did not express $p16^{INK4a}$. $p16^{INK4a}$ expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in LSIL compared with HSIL and SCC with no difference in expression between HSIL and SCC. The increased $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity in HSIL and SCC appears in line with the integrated existence of the hrHPV and may provide more insightful information on risk of malignant transformation of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than mere hrHPV detection.