• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 2018

The controlling and prediction of spring back is one of the most important factors in sheet metal forming processes which require high dimensional precision. The relationship between effective parameters and spring back phenomenon is highly nonlinear and complicated. Moreover, the objective function is implicit with regard to the design variables. In this paper, first the influence of some effective factors on spring back in U-die bending process was studied through some experiments and then regarding the robustness of artificial neural network (ANN) approach in predicting objectives in mentioned kind of problems, ANN was used to estimate a prediction model of spring back. Eventually, the spring back angle was optimized using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The results showed that the employment of ANN provides us with less complicated and time-consuming analytical calculations as well as good results with reasonable accuracy.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2012

The flange hub is a main component in an automotive steering system. In general, the flange hub are fabricated by mechanical machining, which is a process where material waste is inevitable. It is well-known that a net-shape cold forging cannot only reduce material waste but can also improve the mechanical strength of the final product. Thus, a forging process design was conducted for production of a flange hub. Significant spring-back occurs around the flange due to its small thickness in conjunction with the residual stresses after forging. In order to achieve the required dimensional accuracy, a process design with appropriate spring-back control is needed. In this study, a modification of the forging die was designed based on FE analysis with the purpose of spring-back compensation. Four kinds of different die designs were evaluated and the optimum design has two times less spring-back than the initial design. The compensation angle of the optimum design is 0.5 degrees. The results have been experimentally confirmed by cold forging of a flange hub and comparing the amount of spring-back between the actual component and the FE analysis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.3638-3643
• /
• 2013

현재 공사현장에서 사람이 직접 기계로 철근 굽힘 가공을 하고 있다. 하지만 사람이 직접 기계로 가공하기 때문에 정밀성이 떨어지고 시간이 많이 소요된다. 이를 공장가공방식으로 자동화하여 정밀성과 가공성을 높이기 위해서는 스프링 백 현상을 분석해야한다. 이 현상은 굽힘 공정 이 후 하중제거에 따른 재료의 복원 능력이 발생하여 원래의 요구하는 형상에서 벗어나게 하며 이는 굽힘 각도, 굽힘 반경, 철근의 직경에 영향을 받는다. 우리는 굽힘 각, 굽힘 반경, 철근의 직경을 스프링 백 현상에 영향을 미치는 인자로 정하고 FEM을 통해 각 인자들이 철근 굽힘 가공에 미치는 영향에 대한 경향성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 굽힘 각도 $10^{\circ}$씩 증가함에 따라 약 $0.1^{\circ}$씩 스프링 백 현상이 커졌으며 철근 직경은 ${\varphi}$ 10mm에서 ${\varphi}$ 16mm로 증가함에 따라 약 $0.6^{\circ}$ 증가하였다. 반면 굽힘 반경은 30mm에서 40mm로 증가함에 따라 스프링 백 각도가 약 $0.2^{\circ}$ 줄어드는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.456-460
• /
• 2011

A major source of difficulty in die design for high strength steel is the high level of elastic recovery during unloading. The degree of elastic recovery is affected by factors such as material strength, bending angle, punch's corner radius and sheet thickness. Finite Element Method was used in the present work to quantitatively analyze the elastic recovery for various combinations of these parameters. In some cases elastic recovery happened in reverse direction. This phenomenon, which we call spring-go, was explained via changes in stress distribution in the panel occurring in the forming process.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.825-828
• /
• 1997

The market share of plastic fuel tube in automobile part is now growing rapidly. Especially fuel tube makers have had their efforts to develop tube module not only with dimensional accuracy, spring back and cost competitiveness. In this study, we used steam bending process for heat relaxation on PA12 plastic fuel tube's 128 types experimental bending conditions. we present the results of this process system in term of dimensional accuracy, and spring back.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.837-841
• /
• 2000

Spinning process is a chipless metal forming method for axi-symmetric parts, which is more economical, efficient and versatile method of producing parts than the other sheet metal forming process such as stamping or deep drawing. It is a point deformation process where a metal disc. cylinderical workpiece. or preform in contact with a rotating chuck is plastically deformed by axial or axial-radial Motions of a tool or roller. in this study the variation of spring back with respect to various forming roller corner radius(Rr) and angle of roller holder($\alpha$) is investigated. Good as a result will help to get more precise shape by control of spring back.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2001

Spinning process is a chipless metal forming method for axi-symmetric parts, which is more economical, efficient and versatile method for producing parts than the other sheet metal forming process such as stamping or deep drawing. In this study, a fundamental experiment was conducted to improve productivity with process parameters such as tool path, angle of roller holder($\alpha$), feed rate($\gamma$) and corner radius of forming roller(Rr). These factors were selected as variables in the experiment because they were most likely expected to hale an effect on spring back. The empirical results were analyzed to know how much spring back was affected by these factors. And also thickness and diameter distribution of a multistage cup obtained by spinning process were observed and compared with those of a commercial product produced by conventional deep drawing.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2011

연질 동관은 조선, 자동차, 플랜드, 냉동공조 기기 등에 많이 사용되는 대표적인 파이프 재료 중의 하나이다. 그러나 이러한 재료들은 벤딩가공시 외부의 주름, 스프링백, 관이 얇아지는 현상들이 자주 발생하여 문제가 된다. 본 논문에서는 연성재질을 벤딩시 맨드럴이 슬라이딩 가이드 레일을 따라서 파이프를 누르는 벤딩방식을 선택한 연성재질 전용 벤딩머시인을 제작하여 이와 같은 현상을 줄였다. 이의 성능을 확인하는 과정에서 재료로 사용한 동관의 직경이 작을수록 스프링백 현상은 증가하였고 또한 굽힘각도가 클수록 컸다. 또한 동관의 벤딩시 주름이 거의 발생하지 않는 성형품을 제작할 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1897-1900
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bending process for manufacturing of sound pipe by 3 dimension bending machine. The arbitrarily-bended pipe is widely used in a heat exchanger system. The pipe should be formed precisely for assembling of heat changer. And, spring back effect and variation of the pipe thickness should be controlled effectively. We described the change of spring back amount and thickness variation of the pipe according to the change of bending radius and bending angle by FEM analysis. The analysis is adopted the elasic-plastic analysis and contact analysis on MARC software.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2007

The arbitrarily-bended pipe is widely used in a heat exchanger system. Thus, the pipe bending process has important role in performance and productivity of heat exchanger system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bending process for manufacturing of sound pipe. And, the spring-back effect and the variation of pipe thickness should be controlled effectively. The change of spring-back ratio and the thickness variation of pipe according to the change of bending radius, bending angle and pipe thickness are analyzed by FEM analysis. The analytic results are compared with the experimental data, accordingly the results show good agreement. The method of the analysis can be applied for manufacturing of precision bended pipe.