• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

Oats are an important crop for forage production with good palatability of livestock. Compared with other winter cereals crops for forage, oats may be widely sowing, autumn (October), spring (early of March) and summer (late of August). The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the growth, forage yield and feed quality. Oat were sown in 14 October and 10 March, and harvested 20 days after heading in middle region of Korea. Varieties used were the 3 winter oat cultivars with cold tolerant and 3 cultivars for summer sowing. Heading was delayed about 12 days in spring sowing than in autumn sowing and the difference among varieties was 8 days. The rate of spike and leaf above aerial parts reduced and the rate of culm increased in spring sowing than in autumn. The variety 'Donghan' was higher the rate of spike and lower the rate of culm than that of other varieties. In spring sowing than in autumn, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was higher, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and digestible dry matter (DDM) content was lower. In DDM content surveyed on 20 days after heading, 'Donghan' was higher in autumn sowing and 'Samhan' in spring sowing than that of other varieties. The oat variety 'Samhan', 'Donghan' and 'Chohan' were higher fresh yield in autumn than in spring, but similar dry matter yield. The variety 'Swan', 'Darkhorse' and 'Hispeed' were higher fresh and dry matter yield in spring than in autumn. The variety 'Donghan' can supplement high quality forage production in middle region at October and March because of the high-tillering and rate of spike per aerial part.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1979

$^14$C-sucrose was labeled on detached panicles and $^14{CO}_2$ on flag leaves or panicles of intact plants to study grain sink activity in spring oats cultivar Pennfield. Defoliation and emasculation experiment was conducted to study source-sink relationship during grain filling. Specific activity of groat rose up to 15 days after anthesis and declined rapidly to 18 days. Daily gain of groat wt. matched closely with specific activity of. groat during grain filling. Primary groats were higher in specific activity of groat than secondary groats.$^14{CO}_2$ exposure on panicle was three times higher in specific activity of groat than $^14{CO}_2$exposure on flag leaf. In the defoliation and emasculation experiment, groat wt. of Pennfield oats decreased as ratio of source/sink decreased. Half number of spikelets with half leaf area was no different in groat wt. compared to control, but normal number of spikelets with zero leaf area was decreased 16% in groat wt., indicating a significant compensation by green area on panicle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and forage productivity between Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Oats (Avena sativa L.) sown in early spring on trial field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan and Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Naju in 2007 and 2008. Varieties used were Swan and Foothill in early- and late-maturing Oats, and Kospeed and Hwasan 101 in early- and late-maturing Italian ryegrass, respectively. In early-maturing variety, heading date of Swan was 14 May that was earlier one day than that of Kospeed. Plant length of Swan was 92cm that was longer 4cm than that of Kospeed. Average dry matter (DM) yield of 3 trial regions was not significantly different between Kospeed (6,809 kg/ha) and Swan (6,756 kg/ha) but DM yield of Italian ryegrass Hwasan 101 was less 35% than that of Swan. Average total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield of 3 trial regions was not significantly different between Kospeed (4,240 kg/ha) and Swan (4,162 kg/ha). In paddy cultivation of Naju, TDN yield of Kospeed was 4,154 kg/ha that was more 45% than that of Swan. Forage feed value was similar Kospeed to Swan in early maturing variety. Considering TDN yield and feed value of forage, early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass was effective for spring-sown cultivation and suitable for forage production on paddy in southland of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to determine harvesting date and cultivar effects on growth characteristics, forage yield and quality of spring sown oats(Avena surivu L.) at the forage experimental field, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Swul National University, Suwwn from March 22 to June 20, 1993. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of the harvesting dates such as early(24 May), mid(8 June) and late(20 June). The subplots consisted of different maturities of oat cultivm such as Speed oat, Cayuse, Foothill, Sv841034 and Magnum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.122-131
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• 1993

This study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the effects of winter annual forage corps such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera L.), oats (Auena satiua L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), vetch (Vicia satiua L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolim multiflorum Lam.) on subsequent growth, yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The winter annual forage crops were seeded at the end of August and harvested in the fall and spring before corn planting. Corn-leaf numbers, plant heights and LA1 were generally reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass(P<0.05) and winter rye, but the silking date of corn was not affected by the winter annual forage crops. Corn dry matter and TDN yields were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak winter rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass and Kodiak winter rye, relative to corn which did not follow the winter annual forage crops, were 49 and 19% respectively. but the corn yield was slightly improved by 2 and 3%, respectively. when corn followed crimson clover and vetch. No quality differences in corn stover were observed among the treatments except for the lowest ADF and NDF contents and the highest IVDMD where corn followed ltaliabn ryegrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of spring seeding dates on the growth, yield and quality of early and late maturing spring oat (Auena sativa L.) cultivars on the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suwon from March to June, 1991. The experiment was arranged as a split plot with three replications. Oat cultivars, Cayuse and Speed oat, were the main plots, and seeding dates consisted of March 15, 22, 29, April 5 and 12 were the subplots. 1. A 7-day delay in seeding represents approximately 3~8 days being early in heading. The heading date of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, was 14 days earlier than that of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse. 2. The concentrations of Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and zn uitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse, harvested May 29 were 19.6, 30.0, 44.9, and 82.7 %, respectively, but those of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, were 14.8. 33.3. 52.3, and 71.2 %, respectively. Chemical analyses of oat forage indicated that the contents of crude protein and lVDMD were increased from March 15 to April 12 seeding, while crude fiber was decreased. 3. Theaverage dry matter, IVDDM and CP yields of oats harvested May 29 were 2,960, 2,435 and 572 kg per ha, respectively with the late maturing cultivar. Cayuse. while the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, recorded 3,255, 2.298 and 475 kg per ha, respectively. No significant dry matter yield differences were found among the different seeding dates of March 15, 22 and 29 for the two oat cultivars. but a significant yield decrease was found from April 5 seeding. No interactions in dry matter yield were observed between oat cultivars and seeding dates. 4. Maximum Leaf area index (LAI) and Leaf area index duration (LAID) were observed with earlier seeding and the LA1 of Cayuse cultivar was twice or three times as much as that of Speed oat cult~var as the growth progresses. 5. As the seeding date was earlier. the Crop growth rate (CGR) of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse. was increased continuously. but that of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, was declined after May 29. This trend was also found on the Net assimilation rate (NAR) of Speed oat cultivar. The present experiment indicates that spring oats can be successfully produced as forages by seeding in March with early maturing cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2012

Most oats are used for livestock feed in the world. This experiment was conducted at Iksan city of Korea from 2007 to 2008. The objective of this study was to select eminent oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with high-yielding and a quality for forage adaptable in each planting seasons. Experimental design was split-plot design with three replications. A split plot design was used with seeding date on the main plots and other treatments fully randomized in sub-plots. A factorial arrangement of treatments included three different ecotypes cultivars, winter type (Sanmhan, Donghan and Chohan), summer type (High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan), and naked oats near to spring type (Daeyang, Choyang, and Sunyang) and twelve seeding dates (twice a month from March to November). Plant height, dry matter yield, and percent TDN was significantly affected by seeding dates, cultivars, and the interaction of cultivars ${\times}$ seeding dates. There was a decrease in plant height, dry matter yield, and percent total digestible nutrients (TDN) as seeding was delayed from early March to late June and it also from early September to early November. The winter type oat cultivars such as Samhan, Donghan, and Chohan adapted to fall seeding and early summer harvest, while summer type cultivars such as High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan showed high productivity either to summer seeding and mid-fall harvest or to spring seeding and early summer harvest. Naked type cultivars, Choyang and Daeyang, showed high forage yield by spring and summer seeding except for fall seeding because of cold damage. Summer type oat cultivars such as High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan can supplement high forage production in spring. TDN yield showd the most at seeding in October 10 (780 kg $10a^{-1}$), followed at seeding in March 23 (627 kg $10a^{-1}$).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

The yield and quality of winter forage crops such as oats could increase by mixed sowing with a winter legume such as hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth). The purpose of this study was to improve the forage quality and productivity using Oat-Hairy vetch mixture in winter season for three years. The results of this experiments were summarized as follows. In mix seeding of oat and hairy vetch, the dry matter(DM) content of herbage was 15∼16% in fall-harvest and 19∼20% in spring-harvest. Crude protein(CP) content of hairy vetch was the highest as 30.1% and the mixture was higher than that of oat. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of hairy vetch was lower, but in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and total dry matter digestibility(TDN) content was higher than that of oat. Although oat showed the low yield by 3.7∼4.4 DM t/ha, the Fall-seeded-Spring-harvest hairy vetch plot showed highly production by 9.5 DM t/ha. Crude protein and TDN yield of Fall-seeded-Spring-harvest plots were higher than those of others. According to this study, the highest dry matter yield could be obtained by Fall-seeded-Spring-harvest. It would be recommend in cropping field for oat.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2007

Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated for a biological amendmentalone and when combined with different organic materials includingmunicipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops (red clover (RC) and spring oats). A liquid preparation of a biological amendment called Effective Microorganisms was sprayed on the tested plots three times over a two-year period. Effective Microorganisms alone did not influence pH, K, or organic matter content in soil. However, increases in P in PL-treated soils in fall of both years andCa in MC-treated soil in fall 2001, and decreases in Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in RC-planted soil were associated with EM. Increased dehydrogenase(DH) activitiesassociated with Effective Microorganismswere only detected in July (P=0.0222) and October (P=0.0834) for RC-planted soils in the first year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysisappeared to be enhanced by Effective Microorganisms in soils untreated or treated with MC and oatsbut only sporadically during the sampling period. FDA hydrolysis in both PL- and RC-treated soils as well as DH activity in PL-treated soils decreased with Effective Microorganisms treatment. Effective Microorganisms did not influence substrate utilization patterns expressed by the BIOLOG assay. We conclude that Effective Microorganisms effects on soil chemical and biological properties varied depending on the added organic materials. Effective Microorganisms periodically increased soil DH activity and FDA hydrolysis with RC and with MC plus oats, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제14권
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• pp.97-109
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• 1973

1. The relatively lower prehardening temperature was more effective on increase of the hardiness of the intermediately hardy varieties than the higher one but either the extremely hardy or nonhardy varieties did not respond to the temperature as much as the intermediate types. 2. Five degree Centigrade was generally more favorable than $2^{\circ}C$ on hardening of the plants, especially when frozen at higher temperature for shorter duration. 3. It appears that photoperiod during prehardening and hardening did not play so important role as temperature on the hardiness. 4. The higher the soil moisture content, the higher the frost injury occurred. 5. Application of nitrogen increased markedly the hardiness and % DM of the plants. Percentage of dry matter of young seedlings might be used as an easy and rough criterion for evaluating hardiness since there was a highly significant regression of varietal frost injury on the %DM. 6. Four days appeared to be enough for hardening of plants although the plants increased gradually the hardiness as duration of hardening extended. Dehardening of the plants at relativity higher temperature took place rapidly within one to four days. 7. Under this controlled environment, freezing at about $-8^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours seemed the best for the purpose of evaluating the hardiness to low temperature. 8. It is believed that assessment of frost injury should be done at least one week after freezing. Some varieties showed strong ability to recover from the damage as recovery period was extended. 9. As a whole, Cd 80 and 83 were the most hardy and followed by Cappelle and Maris Otter. Four. winter oats varieties and Jufy I belonged to the intermediate type while the other three spring varieties were nonhardy at all. Peniarth was comparable with Maris Otter in hardiness. S 147 appeared the least hardy among the winter oats varieties. 10. It is evident that water-soluble carbohydrate content is associated with the hardiness to some extent but not primary factor involved in hardiness.