• 대한간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1980

This present study was undertaken to assess the effect of sterilization of the thermometer with three sorts of disinfectant sponges-0.1 % bichloride of mercury sponge 70% alcohol sponge, 0.5% zephiran chloride sponge,- by bacterial culture methods in 10 admitted adult patients in S. Hospital, Mok Po city. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The thermometer sterilized with 0.1 ％ bichloride of mercury sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in 5 cases but showed growth of pathogenic organism in 1 case and non pathogenic organism in 4 cases. 2. The thermomerer sterilized with 70 ％ alcohol sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in 8 cases but showed growth of nonpathogenic organism in 2 cases. 3. The themometer sterilized with 0.5 ％ zephiran chloride sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in all 10 cases. From these results it could be concluded that 0.5 ％ zephiran chloride would be most effective in sterilization of thermometer.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

The collagen growth effects in rats using B. mori fibroin sponge sheet, pure fibroin solution and chitosan sponge sheet were investigated. Histopathological inspection of the wound 12 days later showed the increse of a vascular ingrowth and the absence of inflammatory cells. Wound healing effects were accelerated in the order of Fibroin sponge sheet$\geq$Fibroin dressing solution〉Chitosan sponge sheet〉Control. The mean percentage of collagen production in rats after 12 days was 46.12$\pm$4.58% and 42.11$\pm$5.67% in fibroin sponge sheet and dressing solution-treated rats, respectively. These values were higher than the relative content in the chitosan sponge sheet and control groups, which was 23.87$\pm$3.24 and 2.42$\pm$0.32%, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2015

To develop new type of sponge cake, the effects of partial (0~40%) replacement with Rubus coreanus powder (RCP) on the quality characteristics of sponge cakes were investigated. The pH level and moisture content ranged from 4.05~8.23 and 28.49~36.59, respectively, and significantly decreased upon addition of RCP (P<0.05). Baking loss rate and cake firmness significantly increased with higher RCP content in the formulation, whereas morphological characteristics of cakes such as height, volume, and symmetry indices significantly decreased (P<0.05). For crumb color values, $L^*$-and $b^*$-values significantly decreased while $a^*$-value significantly increased as a result of RCP substitution (P<0.05). Hedonic sensory results indicated that sponge cakes supplemented with 30~40% RCP showed the most favorable acceptance scores for most of the sensory attributes evaluated. Overall, Rubus coreanus sponge cake could be developed with comparable physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.419-423
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• 2018

A newly conceived geopolymer composite was fabricated by a combination of the geopolymer and polyurethane sponge. The density and porosity of hardened geopolymer composite, corresponded to different pore sizes of polyurethane sponge, exhibited no significant differences from each other. However, the mechanical behavior, the compressive strength and flexural strength, showed slight differences accordingly. Fracture of the geopolymer composite exposed to high compressive load was not observed from all specimens containing polyurethane sponge. The toughness enhancement of the geopolymer composite, due to spontaneous elasticity of polyurethane sponge, crack spread, and crack diffraction, was identified through the stress-strain curve and microstructure of fracture surface. The newly designed geopolymer composite having a 3-dimensional sponge skeleton showed relatively higher flexural strength of 8.0 MPa than other conventional geopolymer composites.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2020

Four new species of genus Scalarispongia (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) are described from Jejudo Island, Korea. These new species of Scalarispongia are compared with 14 reported species of the genus by the skeletal structure. Scalarispongia songakensis n. sp. is similar to S. lenis in sponge shape but differs in skeletal structure and meshes are not divided into two sections. The length of secondary fibres between primary fibres of this new species is much longer than S. lenis'. Scalarispongia radicula n. sp. is resembles S. songakensis in sponge shape, but this new species has pseudo-tertiary fibres at the sponge base. Scalarispongia maraensis n. sp. is very similar to S. subjiensis in sponge shape but primary fibres of this new species are not simple because fibres have wide webbing. Scalarispongia massa n. sp. is characterized by the large mass sponge shape and numerous open oscules form a long ling on the ridge of the sponge.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects On the lymphedema patients of sponge padding and the correlation between the rate of edema reduction and downward shifting of bandages. Fifty secondary lymphedema patients with no infection, active cancer, limitation of movement, pain or drugs were randomly assigned to two groups: a sponge padding group, and a cotton padding group. Complex decongestive therapy was applied for 2 weeks. In each group the volume of the ankle, mid-calf, knee, and mid-thigh and downward shifting of bandages at the thigh was measured with measuring tape. The reduction of volume and downward shifting of bandages were analyzed by the unrelated t-test and the Pearson Correlation Test. The results were as follows: 1. In comparison between the sponge padding group and the cotton padding group, there was no significant difference in volume except in the thigh area. The edema volume was reduced significantly to $37.77{\pm}31.15%$ at the thigh with sponge padding after treatment (p<.05). 2. Bandage shifted 10.12 cm with cotton padding, but only shifted 2.85 cm when sponge padding was used. Sponge padding had an excellent effect in preventing the shifting of bandages. There was a significant difference in the amount of shifting that occurred with each type of padding (p<.05). 3. There was also a strong correlation between the reduction of edema and the shifting of bandage. These results suggest that short-stretch bandaging with sponge padding is more effective than bandaging with cotton padding. Further study on skin irritation and the comfort of sponge padding is needed to use padding materials safely and effectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.558-569
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• 2014

The quality and characteristics of purple sweet potato sponge cake were studied with the addition of different proportions of purple sweet potato powder depending on storage period The pHs, heights, and weights of doughs were in the ranges of 6.3~6.5, 4.8~4.4 cm and 397~418 g, respectively. The sponge cake groups with the addition of different proportions of purple sweet potato powder showed significantly different characteristics in hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, according to texture profile analysis. The difference in colors of sponge cakes with addition with purple sweet potato revealed that L-value and b-value were significantly reduced but a-value especially increased according to the density. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was confirmed that the stoma size of purple sweet potato sponge cake become smaller and the stoma wall became thicker in proportion to the contents of purple sweet potato powder, which could result in an increased level of water content after a long period pf storage. According with the observations, water content remarkably increased after 4~6 days of storage and the ability to keep water content seemed to contribute to extention the shef-life of sponge cakes. In sensory evaluation, sponge cakes with high contents of purple sweet potato were preferred and cakes with the addition of 25% and 30% purple sweet potato powder was most preferred. It was expected that the shelf-life of purple sweet potato sponge cake was 4 days under the normal temperature.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2013

Many bioactive molecules like recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) have been developed for mineralized bone grafts, for which proper scaffolds are necessary to successfully apply the bioactive molecules. In this study, we tested the osteogenic efficacy of rhBMP-2 produced in-house in combination with gelatin sponge as the scaffold carrier in a rabbit radial defect model. The efficacy of the rhBMP-2 was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity assay of C2C12 cells. Two groups of ten rabbits each were treated with rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge, or gelatin sponge only. At 4 weeks, rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts showed more bone regeneration than gelatin sponge grafts, as determined by X-ray radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses. At 8 weeks, rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts exerted much stronger osteogenic effects. The study demonstrates the improved osteogenic efficacy of the rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts in a rabbit radial bone defect model acting as a bone-inductive material.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2008

면역 거부반응이 없는 돼지 소장점막하조직(small intestinal submucosa, SIS)과 천연보습제인 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, HA)은 생체재료로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 이용하여 스폰지를 제조하고 이들의 특성을 분석하였다. SIS-HA 스폰지는 완성된 SIS 스폰지에 1w%의 HA겔을 첨가하여 동결건조법으로 제조하고 100mM의 가교제를 통해 가교하여 이를 전자주사현미경, 적외선분광기, 물흡수성 실험을 하였다. 초기 세포부착률을 확인하고자 NIH/3T3를 분주하여 MTT 분석법을 수행하였다. FT-IR 분석을 통해 C-O관능기가 관찰되어 SIS-HA 스폰지 내부의 HA가 빠져나가지 않고 고르게 분포되어 있음을 확인하였고, MTT분석을 통하여 제조된 스폰지에서의 높은 세포생존율을 확인하였다. 즉, 본 연구에서 제조한 SIS-HA 스폰지는 SIS와 HA 각각의 특성을 모두 내재하고 있어 조직공학적 담체로 적합할 것이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2018

A pilot scale study was conducted on a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor installed at a sewage treatment plant in Banda Aceh, Indonesia for treatment of desludging septic tank wastewater. Raw wastewater with an average biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids of 139 mg/L and 191 mg/L, respectively, was pumped into the reactor. Two different hydraulic retention times (HRTs, 3 h and 4 h) were investigated, equivalent to organic loadings of 1.11 and $0.78kg\;BOD/m^3/d$, respectively. The average BOD concentration in the final effluent was 46 and 26 mg/L at HRTs of 3 and 4 h, respectively. The concentration of retained sludge along the reactor height was 10.2-18.7 g VSS/L-sponge, and the sludge activities were 0.24-0.32 and 0.04-0.40 mg/g VSS/h for heterotrophs and nitrification, respectively. Values of water hold-up volume, dispersion coefficient, and number of tank in-series found from tracer studies of clean sponge and biomass-loaded sponge confirmed that growth of retained sludge on the sponge module improved hydraulic performance of the reactor. Adoption of the DHS reactor by this Indonesian sewage treatment plant would enhance the role of the current desludging septic tank wastewater treatment system.