• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2024

Meat contains high-value protein compounds that might degrade as a result of oxidation and microbial contamination. Additionally, various pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms can grow in meat. Moreover, contamination with pathogenic microorganisms above the infectious dose has caused foodborne illness outbreaks. To decrease the microbial population, traditional meat preservation methods such as thermal treatment and chemical disinfectants are used, but it may have limitations for the maintenance of meat quality or the consumers acceptance. Thus, non-thermal technologies (e.g., high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, non-thermal plasma, pulsed light, supercritical carbon dioxide technology, ozone, irradiation, ultraviolet light, and ultrasound) have emerged to improve the shelf life and meat safety. Non-thermal technologies are becoming increasingly important because of their advantages in maintaining low temperature, meat nutrition, and short processing time. Especially, pulsed light and pulsed electric field treatment induce few sensory and physiological changes in high fat and protein meat products, making them suitable for the application. Many research results showed that these non-thermal technologies may keep meat fresh and maintain heat-sensitive elements in meat products.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1798-1804
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• 2012

국내산 복숭아에의 저장성 증진을 위하여 0~10.0 $kJ/m^2$의 선량으로 UV-C를 처리하고 저장 중 부패율, 이화학적 변화 및 기호도의 변화를 측정하였다. 대조군 및 2.5 $kJ/m^2$ UV-C 처리군의 경우 부패율은 저장 4일까지는 부패된 것이 하나도 없었으나 저장 6일 이후부터는 부패된 복숭아를 보이기 시작하였으며 저장 10일에는 각각 29.17% 및 25.0%의 부패율을 나타내었다. 그러나 5.0, 7.5 및 10 $kJ/m^2$의 UV-C 처리군에서는 저장 10일에 각각 41.67, 50.00 및 58.33%로 조사선량이 높을수록 더 많은 부패율을 나타내었다. 무게변화의 경우 대조군과 2.5 $kJ/m^2$ UV-C 처리군은 저장 10일동안 변화폭이 가장 적었으나 5.0 $kJ/m^2$ 이상의 처리군에서는 이들보다 많은 변화를 보였다. 복숭아의 pH 변화에서는 UV-C 처리에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 저장기간 중 pH가 증가하였으나 모든 실험군에서 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경도에서는 UV-C 처리 직후에는 모든 실험군에서 차이가 없었으나 저장 6일까지는 2.5 $kJ/m^2$ 처리군이 대체적으로 대조군과 비슷하거나 약간 높은 경도를 보였으며 저장 8일 이후에는 대조군보다 감소하였다. 그러나 5.0 $kJ/m^2$ 이상의 처리군에서는 저장 4일 이후부터는 빠르게 경도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 명도 변화에서는 UV-C 처리 및 저장 중 모든 실험군에서 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으며 적색도는 처리 직후에는 차이가 없었으며 대체적으로 저장 중 대조군과 마찬가지로 증가하는 경향이었다. 황색도는 UV-C 처리에 의하여 다소 황색도가 낮아졌으며 저장 중에는 모든 실험군이 약간 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 맛, 향, 색, 조직감 및 종합적 기호도의 변화에서는 UV-C 처리에 의한 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 저장 중 모든 실험군에서 2일 혹은 4일차에 가장 높은 기호도를 보였으며 그 후부터는 기호도값이 감소하였다. 전반적으로 대조군과 2.5 $kJ/m^2$ UV-C 처리군이 가장 기호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

It is indispensable to modern society metal processing since the industrialized rapidly, but it is a metalworking cutting fluid immediately. In addition, this means selecting a emulsion on the basis of quality criteria processing method, the material of the material, cutting depth, cutting speed, Djourou fence Liang, and surface roughness, cutting oil, the shape of the device based on the emulsion, I will be the structure of the tank, filtration equipment also changes. In particular, acting bacteria is now breeding in response to the passage of time due to metal ion degradation due to heat generated hydraulic fluid leakage, humidity tung, during processing, seep from processing material at the time of processing the water-soluble cutting oil for generating the malodor by dropping significantly the performance of the cutting oil to corruption from, sometimes by introducing various additives to suppress spoilage in advance. In this study, we expect the effect of the cost reduction in the extension of fluid replacement cycle through the application of the management apparatus and deep understanding in the management of cutting fluid, the working environment through the understanding and interest of workers in the production site more than anything I try to become useful for the improvement.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2016

The main purpose of milk heat-treatment is to improve milk safety for consumer by destroying foodborne pathogens. Secondly, heat-treatment of milk is to increase maintaining milk quality by inactivating spoilage microorganisms and enzymes. Pasteurization is defined by the International Dairy Federation (IDF, 1986) as a process applied with the aim of avoiding public health hazards arising from pathogens associated with milk, by heat treatment which is consistent with minimal chemical, physical and organoleptic changes in the product. Milk pasteurization were adjusted to $63{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes (Low temperature long time, LTLT) or $72{\sim}75^{\circ}C$ for 15 seconds (High temperature short time, HTST) to inactivate the pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis, the organism responsible for tuberculosis. Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) sterilizes food by heating it above $135^{\circ}C$ ($275^{\circ}F$) - the temperature required to destroy the all microorganisms and spores in milk - for few seconds. The first LTLT system (batch pasteurization) was introduced in Germany in 1895 and in the USA in 1907. Then, HTST continuous processes were developed between 1920 and 1927. UHT milk was first developed in the 1960s and became generally available for consumption in the 1970s. At present, UHT is most commonly used in milk production.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-71
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• 2018

Heat treatment is the most popular processing technique in the dairy industry. Its main purpose is to destroy the pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in order to ensure that the milk is safe throughout its shelf life. The protease and lipase that are present in raw milk might reduce the quality of milk. Plasmin and protease, which are produced by psychrotrophic bacteria, are recognized as the main causes of the deterioration in milk flavor and taste during storage. The enzymes in raw milk can be inactivated by heat treatment. However, the temperature of inactivation varies according to the type of enzyme. For example, some Pseudomonas spp. produce heat-resistant proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes that may not be fully inactivated by the low temperature and long time (LTLT) treatment. These types of enzymes are inhibited only by the high temperature and short time (HTST) or ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment of milk.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

The effect of trisodium phosphate and chitosan on aerobic plate counts, generation time, pH, shear force, and sensory evaluations in Korean beef loins stored at 4 or 10$^{\circ}C$ was assessed. The beef loins were treated with 5∼7.5% (w/v) trisodium phosphate and 1% (w/v) chitosan at exposure times of 10 min. The generation time of aerobic microorganisms on the beef loins increased with higher trisodium phosphate levels during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. During storage at 10$^{\circ}C$, treatments of 5% trisodium phosphate and 1% chitosan were the most effective for preventing the growth of aerobic spoilage microorganisms. Shear values of the beef loins treated with trisodium phosphate and chitosan or chitosan alone were lower than those of trisodium phosphate during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the beef loins treated with trisodium phosphate and chitosan were in the \"liked less to typical\" category for odor and appearance scores compated to the controls during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

변패성 식품의 하나로서 양념돼지불고기의 미생물적 저장수명을 실시간적으로 제어하는 방법으로서 포장 내 $CO_2$ 농도의 측정을 이용하는 방법을 고안하고 동적온도조건에서 그 적용가능성을 확인하였다. 식품으로부터의 $CO_2$ 생산 속도 혹은 포장 내 $CO_2$ 농도변화가 증가하기 시작하는 시점이 미생물적 한계품질에 해당되었고, 이를 저장수명의 결정의 지표로 사용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 또 특정 $CO_2$ 농도에 도달되는 시점, 즉 $CO_2$ 농도변화의 유도기와도 일치하였다. 제안된 logic은 $CO_2$ 농도를 실시간으로 측정하고 무선으로 데이터를 전송할 수 있는 sensor 시스템에 의하여 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.111-131
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• 1995

Quality changes of sausages in refrierated storage for 60 days were investigated. Nine types of sausages produced in Korea were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$(3~5$^{\circ}C$), and then chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics were evaluated on every 10 days. The proximate analysis showed considerable variation in fat (23.97%, 17.10~30.20%) with less variation in moisture (51.96%, 48.10~56.30%) and protein (12.96%, 11.40~13.95%), pH value decreased over time averaging from 6.31 to 6.22 with no significant difference. Water activity was consistent over refrigerated storage averaging 0.95. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values were still within 20 mg% though VBN for all types significantly increased over time (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were well below 1.0 though TBA showed significant differences among storage periods (p<0.05). Standard plate counts (SPCs) significantly increased during storage (p<0.05) while coliform group was not counted in all cases. SPCs reached 104 CFU/g in two types after 50 days' storage and were below 105 CFU/g in all types after 60 days' storage. Instrumental texture analysis showed that springiness, adhesiveness, and hardness signficantly decreased over time (p<0.05) while no change was observed in external color. significantly decreased over time the 60-day storage period (p<0.05) while cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess did not change. Lightness, redness and yellowness of the internal Hunter color significantly decreased over time (p<0.05) while no change was observed in external color. Sensory profile showed that flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptable after 60 days' storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. However, the shelf-life of the samples should be decided in the consideration of the growth rate other spoilage flora coupled with the bacterial growth after 50 days' storage.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

Fresh gingers, harvested in Seosan, Choongcheongnam-do, were pre-treated by a washing-pasteurizing-drying process, a curing process, and non-treated, respectively. Then they were stored in a lab-scale storage room(12$^{\circ}C$, >92%RH) to investigate the effect of pre-treatment methods on the quality changes during long-term storage. Weight loss of ginger during storage showed ranges in 0.7∼4.3%, and the weight of gingers pre-treated by washing-drying process showed a tendency to change less than those treated by curing. After storage of 130 days, spoilage rates were about 20% in non-treated, 11% in curing treated, and 12% in washing-drying treated ginger,, showing the effect of pre-treatment. The final rate of sprouting was 13∼15% regardless of treatment methods. The firmness of gingers showed a tendency to decrease in stored ginger for the longer period; however, the values were ranged from 1,200 to 1,400 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that is hard enough to show a marketable quality. The contents of reducing sugar showed a tendency to increase with the lapse of storage time.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.87-94
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• 1983

Heating characteristics of red pepper paste packed in report pouches of various thicknesses and their storage stability were investigated to determine the adequate processing conditions that good bacteriological safty and minimal quality changes could be obtained, when sterilized by using a steam-air system retort. A heat penetration into pouch-packed red pepper paste was carried out through by a conductive heat transfer, indicating a simple logarithmic heating curve, and the smaller thickness revealed the higher heat penetration rate, suggesting the possibility of high temperature-short time sterilization of red pepper paste. The processing conditions with Fo-value of 4.5 or higher were sufficient for keeping up bacterial safty, but based on C-value, better quality retention was obtained at pouch thickness of 15mm under the processing temperature of $120^{\circ}C$. Subsequent storage study revealed that the red pepper paste packed in 15mm and processed at $120^{\circ}C$ with Fo=4.5 could be held without any spoilage and overall acceptance change, when stored for 6 months at room temperature under the relative humidity of 70%. After 3 months storage in $38^{\circ}C$ under saturation humidity, overall acceptance of red pepper paste were judged not to be maintainable on the acceptable level, but it may be suggested that above the results could be kept up a desirable quality without any remarkable deterioration.